سورۃ المدثر (چادر اوڑھنے والا) 1-56
Al-Muddaththir (Wrapped in Cloak) 1-56
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم يَا أَيُّهَا الْمُزَّمِّلُ
n the Name of God, the Lord of Grace, the Ever Merciful You, wrapped in your cloak, (1)
قُمْ فَأَنْذِرْ۔ (2)
arise and give warning. (2)
وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرْ ؛ (٣)
Glorify your Lords greatness; (3)
وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ
clean your garments; (4)
ابتعد عن كل رجس؛ (5)
stay away from all filth; (5)
لَا تَمْنُنْ تَسْتَكْثِرُ (6)
do not hold up what you give away, showing it to be much; (6)
ولِرَبِّكَ فَاصْبِرْ
but to your Lord turn in patience.
(7)
(7)
فَإِذَا نُفِخَ فِي الصُّورِ
When the trumpet is sounded (8)
ذَٰلِكَ يَوْمٌ عَسِيرٌ
that will be a day of anguish, (9)
ليس بالأمر السهل على الكافرين.
far from easy for the unbelievers.
(10)
(10)
ذَرْنِي وَمَنْ خَلَقْتُ وَحِيدًا
Leave to me the one I created alone, (11)
الَّذِينَ أَعْطَيْنَاهُمْ مَالًا عَظِيمًا (١٢)
to whom I have granted vast wealth, (12)
وَبَنِينَ شُهُودًا (13)
and sons by his side, (13)
تَيْسِيرُهُ لِلْيُسْرَى؛ (14)
making life smooth and easy for him; (14)
ثُمَّ يَطْمَعُ أَنْ أَزِيدَهُ (١٥)
yet he greedily desires that I give him more. (15)
{كَلَّا إِنَّهُ كَانَ لِآيَاتِنَا عَنِيدًا} (١٦)
No! He has set himself stubbornly against Our revelations. (16)
سَأُرْهِقُهُ صَعُودًا (17)
I will constrain him to endure a painful uphill climb! (17)
فَكَّرَ وَقَدَّرَ
He thought and he schemed.
(18)
(18)
!قَاتَلَهُ اللهُ، مَا أَمْكَرَهُ (١٩)
Damn him, how he schemed! (19)
مرة أخرى، لعنه الله، كيف دبّر ومكر! (20)
Again, damn him, how he schemed! (20)
نَظَرَ حَوْلَهُ (21)
He looked around, (21)
ثُمَّ عَبَسَ وَبَسَرَ
then he frowned and glared, (22)
ثُمَّ أَدْبَرَ يَسْعَىٰ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ
then he turned his back and gloried in his arrogance, (23)
وَقَالُوا إِنْ هَٰذَا إِلَّا سِحْرٌ يُؤْثَرُ ﴿٢٤﴾
and said, ‘This is just sorcery handed down from olden times! (24)
"هَذَا إِلَّا قَوْلُ الْبَشَرِ!" (25)
This is nothing but the word of a mere mortal!’ (25)
سَأُصْلِيهِ سَقَرَ۔ (26)
I will cast him into the scorching fire. (26)
يَا لَيْتَكَ تَعْلَمُ مَا هِيَهْ (27)
Would that you knew what the scorching fire is like! (27)
لَا تُبْقِي وَلَا تَذَرُ۔ (28)
It leaves nothing, and spares nothing; (28)
يَظْهَرُ أَمَامَ النَّاسِ، (29)
it appears before mankind, (29)
عليها تسعة عشر (30)
guarded by nineteen. (30)
وَمَا جَعَلْنَا أَصْحَابَ النَّارِ إِلَّا مَلَائِكَةً ۙ وَمَا جَعَلْنَا عِدَّتَهُمْ إِلَّا فِتْنَةً لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِيَسْتَيْقِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ وَيَزْدَادَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِيمَانًا ۙ وَلَا يَرْتَابَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ ۙ وَلِيَقُولَ الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ وَالْكَافِرُونَ مَاذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ بِهَٰذَا مَثَلًا ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يُضِلُّ اللَّهُ مَن يَشَاءُ وَيَهْدِي مَن يَشَاءُ ۚ وَمَا يَعْلَمُ جُنُودَ رَبِّكَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۚ وَمَا هِيَ إِلَّا ذِكْرَىٰ لِلْبَشَرِ
We have appointed none other than angels to guard the fire, and We have made their number a test for the unbelievers. Thus those who have been granted revelations in the past may be convinced and the believers may grow yet more firm in their faith; and so those who have been granted revelations and the believers will entertain no doubt; but the sick at heart and the unbelievers will ask, ‘What could God mean by this image?’ Thus God lets go astray whomever He wills, and guides whomever He wills. No one knows your Lord’s forces except Him. This is all but a reminder for mankind. (31)
لَا وَالْقَمَرِ (32)
No! By the moon! (32)
وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا أَدْبَرَ
By the night when it departs, (33)
وَالصُّبْحِ إِذَا تَنَفَّسَ
and the shining dawn! (34)
إِنَّهُ لَمِنْ أَعْظَمِ الْأُمُورِ، (35)
It is indeed one of the mighty things, (35)
تذكرةٌ للبشر
a warning to all mankind, (36)
لِمَن شَاءَ مِنكُمْ أَن يَتَقَدَّمَ أَوْ يَتَأَخَّرَ
to those of you who choose to go ahead or to lag behind. (37)
كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ
Every soul is held in pledge for what it has wrought, (38)
إِلَّا أَصْحَابَ الْيَمِينِ (39)
except for those on the right hand. (39)
في جنّاتٍ يتساءلون
They will be in gardens, and will ask (40)
عن المجرمين: (41)
about the guilty ones: (41)
«مَا سَلَكَكُمْ فِي سَقَرَ» (42)
‘What brought you into the scorching fire?’ (42)
قَالُوا لَمْ نَكُ مِنَ الْمُصَلِّينَ (٤٣)
They will answer: ‘We were not among those who prayed, (43)
وَلَمْ نَكُ نُطْعِمُ الْمِسْكِينَ
neither did we feed the needy; (44)
وَكُنَّا نَخُوضُ مَعَ الْخَائِضِينَ
but we indulged with others in vain talk, (45)
وَكُنَّا نُكَذِّبُ بِيَوْمِ الدِّينِ
and we denied the Day of Judgement (46)
حَتَّىٰ أَتَانَا الْيَقِينُ
until there came upon us that which is certain.’ (47)
فَمَا تَنفَعُهُمْ شَفَاعَةُ الشَّافِعِينَ
So, of no benefit to them could be the pleas of any intercessors.
(48)
(48)
فَمَا لَهُمْ عَنِ التَّذْكِرَةِ مُعْرِضِينَ
What is the matter with them that they turn away from all admonition (49)
كَأَنَّهُمْ حُمُرٌ مُّسْتَنفِرَةٌ (50)
like terrified asses (50)
أَتَفِرُّ مِنْ أَسَدٍ؟ (51)
fleeing from a lion? (51)
كُلُّ امْرِئٍ مِّنْهُمْ يُرِيدُ أَن يُؤْتَىٰ صُحُفًا مُّنَشَّرَةً ٥٢
Every one of them demands to be given revelations unfolded before him. (52)
لَا! بَلْ لَا يَخَافُونَ الْآخِرَةَ۔ (٥٣)
No! They do not fear the life to come. (53)
لا! هذا فعلاً تحذير.
No! This is indeed an admonition.
(54)
(54)
فَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيَتَذَكَّرْ
Let him who will, take heed.
(55)
(55)
وَمَا يَذْكُرُونَ إِلَّا أَن يَشَاءَ اللَّهُ ۚ هُوَ أَهْلُ التَّقْوَىٰ وَأَهْلُ الْمَغْفِرَةِ ٥٦
They, however, will not take heed unless God so wills. He is the Lord to be feared, the Lord of forgiveness. (56)
الاستعدادات الأساسية
Essential Preparations
يَا أَيُّهَا الْمُزَّمِّلُ ﴿١﴾ قُمِ اللَّيْلَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا ... — no, the user gave an English translation of Surah al-Muddaththir verses 1-7. Translating the English as-given into Arabic, faithfully, with the rules: ﷺ is not applicable here except as "Prophet" mention, none here (the text addresses "you" = the Prophet, implicit; no name). The rendering of Qur'an verse: the user's text is the English translation of Qur'an; I translate it into Arabic as text, not reciting Qur'an verse. Keep it as the translation of the given English. يَا أَيُّهَا الْمُدَّثِّرُ ﴿١﴾ قُمْ فَأَنْذِرْ ﴿٢﴾ وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرْ ﴿٣﴾ وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ ﴿٤﴾ وَالرُّجْزَ فَاهْجُرْ ﴿٥﴾ وَلَا تَمْنُنْ تَسْتَكْثِرُ ﴿٦﴾ وَلِرَبِّكَ فَاصْبِرْ ﴿٧﴾ Wait, I should not produce Qur'an text as if original; the user's text is an English translation. A faithful Arabic translation of the English would be a rendering of meaning, not the verses themselves. Better to translate the English into natural Arabic. أَيُّهَا الْمُتَدَثِّرُ بِثَوْبِهِ، قُمْ فَأَنْذِرْ، وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرْ، وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ، وَالرِّجْزَ فَاهْجُرْ، وَلَا تَمْنُنْ تَسْتَكْثِرُ، وَلِرَبِّكَ فَاصْبِرْ.
You, wrapped in your cloak, arise and give warning. Glorify your Lord's greatness; clean your garments; stay away from all filth; do not hold up what you give away, showing it to be much; but to your Lord turn in patience. (Verses 1-7)
هذا خطابٌ من العلاء، يدعو النبيَّ ﷺ إلى الاستعداد لمهمته العظيمة. فعليه أن يُنذر الناس، ويوقظهم، ويُنقذهم من الشر في هذه الحياة، ومن النار في الحياة الآخرة، فيضعهم على طريق النجاة قبل فوات الأوان. وهذه مهمةٌ شاقةٌ جليلةُ الشأن إذا أُنيطت بإنسانٍ واحد، وإن كان نبيَّ الله ورسوله ﷺ. غير أن البشرية قد ضلّت ضلالًا بعيدًا، وغرقت في الذنوب والتمرد والاستكبار والإصرار.
This is an address from on high, calling on the Prophet to get ready for his great task. He is to warn mankind, wake them up and save them from evil in this life and from the fire in the life to come, setting them on the way to salvation before it is too late. This is a hard, momentous task when assigned to an individual human being, even though he may be Gods Prophet and Messenger. Mankind had, however, gone so far astray and were too steeped in sin, rebellion, arrogance and persistence.
جعل كلُّ ذلك الدعوةَ إلى الدينِ الإلهيِّ أصعبَ مهمةٍ يمكن أن تُسنَدَ إلى أحدٍ.
All this made advocacy of the divine faith the most difficult task to be assigned to anyone.
﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الْمُزَّمِّلُ﴾ ﴿قُمِ اللَّيْلَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا﴾ Wait, I should translate the user's text faithfully: "“You, wrapped in your cloak, arise and give warning." (Verses 1-2)" — the Qur'an verses appear in the original text as a quotation, so I translate them with the Qur'anic wording and mark them with braces only if they are verses. The original gives the verses' meaning in English, so the Arabic is the Qur'anic text itself. The Prophet is addressed here, but there is no mention of his name, so no ﷺ is needed. Final: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الْمُزَّمِّلُ * قُمِ اللَّيْلَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا﴾ (الآيتان ١-٢)
منفرد
Singled Out
يَنتقلُ هذا التحذيرُ العامُّ إلى حالةِ فردٍ بعينه يبدو أنه قام بدورٍ قيادي في رفضِ الرسالةِ الإلهيةِ والتآمرِ عليها. وتُوجِّهُ السورةُ إليه تحذيراً قاسياً، وتُصوِّرُه في صورةٍ قبيحةٍ تستدعي السخريةَ منه، ولا سيما حين تبدو صفاتُه المستقبحةُ حيَّةً أمام أعيُنِنا.
This general warning gives way to the case of a particular individual who seems to have played a leading role in rejecting the divine message and plotting against it. The surah issues a crushing warning, painting an ugly image of him that invites derision. This is particularly so when his unpleasant features appear lifelike before our eyes:
ذَرْنِي وَمَنْ خَلَقْتُ وَحِيدًا وَجَعَلْتُ لَهُ مَالًا مَمْدُودًا وَبَنِينَ شُهُودًا وَمَهَّدْتُ لَهُ تَمْهِيدًا ثُمَّ يَطْمَعُ أَنْ أَزِيدَ كَلَّا ۖ إِنَّهُ كَانَ لِآيَاتِنَا عَنِيدًا سَأُرْهِقُهُ صَعُودًا إِنَّهُ فَكَّرَ وَقَدَّرَ فَقُتِلَ كَيْفَ قَدَّرَ ثُمَّ قُتِلَ كَيْفَ قَدَّرَ ثُمَّ نَظَرَ ثُمَّ عَبَسَ وَبَسَرَ ثُمَّ أَدْبَرَ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ فَقَالَ إِنْ هَٰذَا إِلَّا سِحْرٌ يُؤْثَرُ إِنْ هَٰذَا إِلَّا قَوْلُ الْبَشَرِ سَأُصْلِيهِ سَقَرَ وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا سَقَرُ لَا تُبْقِي وَلَا تَذَرُ لَوَّاحَةٌ لِلْبَشَرِ عَلَيْهَا تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ
Leave to me the one I created alone, to whom I have granted vast wealth, and sons by his side, making life smooth and easy for him; yet he greedily desires that I give him more. No! He has set himself stubbornly against Our revelations. I will constrain him to endure a painful uphill climb! He thought and he schemed. Damn him, how he schemed! Again, damn him, how he schemed! He looked around, then he frowned and glared, then he turned his back and gloried in his arrogance, and said, 'This is just sorcery handed down from olden times! This is nothing but the word of a mere mortal!" I will cast him into the scorching fire. Would that you knew what the scorching fire is like! It leaves nothing, and spares nothing; it appears before mankind, guarded by nineteen. (Verses 11-30)
يُذكر في عدة روايات أن الشخص المشار إليه هو الوليد بن المغيرة. عن عكرمة قال: «لقي الوليدُ بنُ المغيرة النبيَّ ﷺ فقرأ عليه شيئًا من القرآن، فكأنه رقّ له، فبلغ ذلك أبا جهل، فأتى الوليدَ فقال: يا عمّ، إن قومك يريدون أن يجمعوا لك مالًا! قال: ولِمَ؟ قال: ليعطوكه، فإنك أتيتَ محمدًا لتتعرض لما عنده. [فكان أبو جهل يلعب على نقطة حساسة للغاية، محاولًا إثارة كبرياء الوليد.] فقال الوليد: قد علمت قريش أني من أكثرها مالًا. قال أبو جهل: فقل فيه قولًا يبلغ قومك أنك كاره له. قال الوليد: وماذا أقول؟ فوالله ما فيكم رجل أعلم بالأشعار مني، ولا أعلم برجزه وقصيده ومخمسه ومسدسه، ووالله ما يشبه الذي يقول شيئًا من هذا، ووالله إن لقوله الذي يقول لحلاوة، وإن عليه لطلاوة، وإنه لمثمر أعلاه، مغدق أسفله، وإنه ليعلو ولا يُعلى عليه، وما يقول هذا بشر! فقال أبو جهل: لا يرضى عنك قومك حتى تقول فيه. فقال: دعني حتى أفكر، فلما فكّر قال: هذا سحر يؤثَر».. فنزلت الآية في شأنه.
There are several reports suggesting that the person so referred to is al-Walid ibn al-Mughlrah. ‘Ikrimah reports: “Al-Walid ibn al-Mughirah met the Prophet who read to him a passage of the Qur’an. It appeared as though al-Walid softened a bit. Abu Jahl heard of this, so he went to al-Walid and said to him: ‘Uncle! Your people are raising some money for you.’ He asked for what reason. Abu Jahl answered: ‘They want to give it to you, because you went to Muhammad to see what you might gain from him.’ [Abu Jahl was thus playing on a most sensitive point, trying to arouse al-Walid’s pride.] Al-Walid said: ‘The Quraysh know that I am the richest among them.’ Abu Jahl said: ‘Then say about him something to make clear to your people that you are opposed to what he says.’ Al-Walid said: ‘What shall I say. None of you has better knowledge of poetry than me. I know all about poetry including the poetry of the jinn. What Muhammad says is nothing like that. What he says is indeed sweet; it towers over all speech; it rises high and nothing can top it.’ Abu Jahl said: ‘Your people will not be satisfied unless you say something negative about him.’ Al-Walid said: ‘Then give me time to think.’ When he thought it over, he said of the Qur’an: ‘This is sorcery taken from olden times.’ The above passage was then revealed in reference to him.
اختبارٌ للكافرين
A Test For Unbelievers
تلقّى المؤمنون كلام الله بالقبول الذي يليق بمن يثق بربّه، ويُظهر الأدب الذي ينبغي للعبد أن يتحلّى به. فلم يرتابوا في هذا الخبر ولم يعترضوا عليه.
The believers received Gods words with the sort of acceptance worthy of one who trusts his Lord and shows the sort of manners a servant should have. They neither doubted this piece of news nor questioned it.
وأما الكفار، فقد تلقّوا ذلك كله بقلوب خالية من الإيمان والجدّية. لم يكن لديهم تعظيم لله، ولذلك أطلقوا تعليقات ساخرة، فجعلوا العدد، أي التسعة عشر، موضوعًا لنكات لا تنتهي. قال أحدهم: ‹أفلا يكفي كل عشرة منكم أن تغلبوا واحدًا منهم؟› وقال آخر: ‹اكفوني أنتم اثنين منهم، وأنا أكفيكم الباقين، فلن يكون لكم ما تخافونه منهم.› وعندئذ نزلت الآية التالية، توضح الحكمة الإلهية من إخبارهم بهذه المعلومة عن أمر يقع في عالم الغيب الذي يتجاوز إدراك البشر، وتذكر هذا العدد بعينه.
The unbelievers, on the other hand, received it all with hearts devoid of faith or seriousness. They had no reverence of God. Hence, they made sarcastic comments, making the number, i.e. the 19, the subject of endless jokes. One of them said: ‘Will not each 10 of you be sufficient to overcome one of them?’ Another said: ‘You take care of two of these and I will take care of the rest. You will have nothing to worry about from them.’ It was then that the next verse was revealed, explaining God s purpose behind giving this piece of information on something that belongs to the realm beyond human perception and mentioning this particular figure.
يوضح ذلك أن ذلك العالم وعلم كل ما يتعلق به يختص به الله وحده. كما يذكر الغاية النهائية المترتبة على ذكر النار المستعرة وخزنتها.
It makes clear that that realm and the knowledge of all that relates to it belongs to God alone. It also mentions the ultimate end that results from the mention of the scorching fire and its guard:
{وَمَا جَعَلْنَا أَصْحَابَ النَّارِ إِلَّا مَلَائِكَةً وَمَا جَعَلْنَا عِدَّتَهُمْ إِلَّا فِتْنَةً لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِيَسْتَيْقِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ وَيَزْدَادَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِيمَانًا وَلَا يَرْتَابَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَلِيَقُولَ الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ وَالْكَافِرُونَ مَاذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ بِهَٰذَا مَثَلًا كَذَٰلِكَ يُضِلُّ اللَّهُ مَن يَشَاءُ وَيَهْدِي مَن يَشَاءُ وَمَا يَعْلَمُ جُنُودَ رَبِّكَ إِلَّا هُوَ وَمَا هِيَ إِلَّا ذِكْرَىٰ لِلْبَشَرِ} [سورۃ المدثر: 31]
We have appointed none other than angels to guard the fire, and We have made their number a test for the unbelievers. Thus those who have been granted revelations in the past may be convinced and the believers may grow yet more firm in their faith; and so those who have been granted revelations and the believers will entertain no doubt; but the sick at heart and the unbelievers will ask, "What could God mean by this image?* Thus God lets go astray whomever He wills, and guides whomever He wills. No one knows your Lord’s forces except Him. This is all but a reminder for mankind. (Verse 31)
نظرة على الكون
A Look At The Universe
تُقرِّرُ السورةُ الآن حقائقَ الحياةِ الآخرةِ، ونارَ جهنّمَ المُلتهبةَ، وقدرةَ اللهِ، وتَلفتُ النظرَ إلى جوانبَ شتّى من خلقِه البديعِ في الكونِ، وهي جوانبُ يُغفِلُ عنها الناسُ كثيرًا لطولِ الألفةِ بها.
The surah now relates the truths of the life to come, the scorching fire of hell and Gods forces to various aspects of His fine creation in the universe, which people often overlook because of long familiarity.
لٰكِنَّ هٰذِهِ دَلَائِلُ وَاضِحَةٌ عَلَى قُدْرَةِ اللهِ الْمُطْلَقَةِ فِي الْخَلْقِ وَحِكْمَتِهِ الْكَامِلَةِ فِي تَصْمِيمِ الْكَوْنِ.
Yet these are evident proofs of God’s limitless power of creation and His perfect design of the universe:
كَلَّا وَالْقَمَرِ وَاللَّيْلِ إِذْ أَدْبَرَ وَالصُّبْحِ إِذَا أَسْفَرَ إِنَّهَا لَإِحْدَى الْكُبَرِ نَذِيرًا لِّلْبَشَرِ [سورۃ المدثر: 32-36]
No! By the moon! By the night when it departs, and the shining dawn! It is indeed one of the mighty things, a warning to all mankind, (Verses 32-36)
ولا شك أن منظر القمر، وانقضاء الليل، وإشراق الفجر، مما يبعث على الإلهام. وهي تقول الكثير للقلب البشري، تهمس بالأسرار، وتُثير المشاعر العميقة. والقرآن الكريم، في إشارته السريعة إلى هذه المشاهد، يلامس أعماق النفس الإنسانية حيث تستقر المشاعر والأسرار. وقلما يتأمل الناس منظر القمر حين يطلع أو يسير أو يغيب دون أن يهمس القمر في آذانهم بسرٍّ كوني. وقد لا يحتاج الأمر أكثر من أن تقف في ضوء القمر حتى تشعر بقلبك وقد غُسل، كأنك تستحم في النور.
The sight of the moon, the departing night and the shining dawn are certainly inspiring. They say much to the human heart, whispering secrets and arousing deep feelings. In its quick reference to these, the Qur’an touches our innermost selves where feelings and secrets are settled. It is rarely the case that people contemplate the sight of the moon as it rises, travels or sets without the moon whispering some universal secret in their ears. It sometimes takes no more than to stand in the moonlight in order to feel your heart being washed, as if you were bathing in light.
يكاد لا يمكن لأحد أن ينظر بتأمل إلى الليل وهو يبدأ في الانصراف، في تلك اللحظة من السكون التام قبيل طلوع الشمس، حين يبدأ العالم في الاستيقاظ ويفتح عينيه، دون أن يتأثر بذلك تأثراً عميقاً. وكذلك يكاد لا يمكن لأحد ألّا يتنبه لمشهد الفجر وهو ينبلج ويبدأ في الإشراق، دون أن يشعر بإحساس من الانفتاح يجعلنا ندرك تغيّراً في الشعور. وهذا التغيّر يهيّئنا لاستقبال النور الذي يسطع في قلوبنا كما نستقبل النور الذي يسطع على العالم من حولنا.
It is hardly possible for anyone to look carefully at the night as it starts to depart, at that time of complete serenity before sunrise, when the world starts to wake up and opens its eyes, without being profoundly affected by it. Likewise, it is hardly possible for anyone not to be alert to the scene of dawn as it breaks and begins to shine without experiencing a sense of opening up that makes us aware of a change of feeling. This change makes us ready to receive the light that shines within our hearts just as we receive the light shining over the world around us.
المسؤولية الفردية
Individual Responsibility
تُعلن السورة الآن أنّ كلّ نفسٍ تتحمّل مسؤوليّة نفسها، فيُترك لكلّ إنسانٍ أن يختار لنفسه. كما تُبيّن أنّ كلّ نفسٍ ستُسأل عن اختياراتها، وستُحاسَب بحسب أعمالها.
The surah now declares that every soul bears responsibility for itself, leaving everyone to choose for themselves. It also states that each soul will have to account for its choices and be judged according to its deeds:
إِنَّهَا لَإِحْدَى الْكُبَرِ، نَذِيرًا لِّلْبَشَرِ، لِمَن شَاءَ مِنكُمْ أَن يَتَقَدَّمَ أَوْ يَتَأَخَّرَ، كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ. (الآيات ٣٥-٣٨)
It is indeed one of the mighty things, a warning to all mankind, to those of you who choose to go ahead or to lag behind. Every soul is held in pledge for what it has wrought. (Verses 35-38)
كُلُّ النَّاسِ، كُلُّهُمْ، مَسْؤولونَ عَنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ، يَخْتارونَ مَواقِعَهُمْ، ويَتَقَدَّمونَ أَوْ يَتَأَخَّرونَ، فَيَنالونَ مَنْزِلَةً كَريمَةً أَوْ يَجْلِبونَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمُ الذُّلَّ والهَوانَ. وهكذا تَكونُ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَرْهونَةً بِما كَسَبَتْ وبِالعَمَلِ الَّذي تَعْمَلُهُ. وقَدْ بَيَّنَ اللهُ لِلنَّاسِ جَمِيعًا الطَّريقَ المُوصِلَ إِلَيْهِ، لِيَسْلُكوهُ وهُمْ مُبْصِرونَ. ولَمَّا جاءَ هذا الإِعْلانُ عَنِ المَسْؤوليَّةِ الفَرْدِيَّةِ في سِياقِ مَشاهِدَ كَوْنِيَّةٍ مُلْهِمَةٍ، وكَذلِكَ مَشْهَدِ النَّارِ المُلْتَهِبَةِ الَّتي لا تُبْقِي ولا تَذَرُ، كانَ لَهُ أَثَرُهُ العَميقُ.
All people, every single one of them, are responsible for themselves, choosing their own positions, going ahead or lagging behind, achieving an honourable status or bringing humiliation upon themselves. Thus, every soul is tied to what it does and the action it takes. God has shown all people the way that leads to Him so that they can take that way with open eyes. As this declaration of individual responsibility is made against the backdrop of inspiring universal scenes, as well as the scene of the scorching fire that spares nothing, it has its profound effect.
ثم يُبيَّن أيضًا أنَّ هناك استثناءً في حقِّ المؤمنين الذين أُشير إليهم هنا بأصحاب اليمين.
It is further declared, however, that an exception is made in the case of the believers who are referred to here as the ones on the right hand.
وَهُمْ مُخَوَّلُونَ أَنْ يَسْأَلُوا الْمُجْرِمِينَ عَمَّا اقْتَرَفُوهُ مِنْ جَرِيمَةِ مَصِيرِهِمْ، فَيَقُولُونَ إِنَّا لَمُخَوَّلُونَ.
These are untied. They are also given the right to ask the guilty about what has perpetrated their fate:
إِلَّا أَصْحَابَ الْيَمِينِ * فِي جَنَّاتٍ يَتَسَاءَلُونَ * عَنِ الْمُجْرِمِينَ * مَا سَلَكَكُمْ فِي سَقَرَ * قَالُوا لَمْ نَكُ مِنَ الْمُصَلِّينَ * وَلَمْ نَكُ نُطْعِمُ الْمِسْكِينَ * وَكُنَّا نَخُوضُ مَعَ الْخَائِضِينَ * وَكُنَّا نُكَذِّبُ بِيَوْمِ الدِّينِ * حَتَّىٰ أَتَانَا الْيَقِينُ
مَنْ يَتَذَكَّرُ؟
Who Heeds The Reminder?
ثم تعيدهم السورة إلى هذه الحياة، حيث تتاح لهم الفرصة ليعملوا شيئًا قبل أن يواجهوا مثل هذه النهاية المزرية. ومع ذلك يعرضون، ويفرّون من الهدى الذي لا يجلب لهم إلا الخير. تُعرض عليهم وسائل النجاة، فينصرفون عنها ويهربون منها. لذلك ترسم السورة صورة ساخرة لحالهم:
The surah now puts them back in this life, where they have the chance to do something before facing such an abject outcome. Yet they turn away, fleeing from the guidance that would bring them only what is good. The means of salvation are shown to them, but they run away from them. Therefore, the surah draws a sarcastic image of their situation:
{مَا لَهُمْ عَنِ التَّذْكِرَةِ مُعْرِضِينَ * كَأَنَّهُمْ حُمُرٌ مُّسْتَنْفِرَةٌ * فَرَّتْ مِنْ قَسْوَرَةٍ} ٤٩ - ٥١
What is the matter with them that they turn away from all admonition like terrified asses fleeing from a lion? (Verses 49—51)
المشهدُ الذي تُعرَف فيه الحميرُ أو الحمُرُ الوحشيةُ في اضطرابٍ شديد، تفرّ في كل اتجاهٍ حين تسمع زئيرَ الأسد، كان معروفًا عند العرب. وهو مشهدُ حركةٍ سريعةٍ في حالةِ ذعرٍ. ولذلك، إذا طُبِّق على البشر، أثار الضحكَ العالي، خاصةً إذا كان أولئك البشرُ في خوفٍ حقيقيٍّ من خطرٍ داهم. فماذا يُقال عنهم إذا كانت حالُهم كذلك، كالحميرِ المذعورة، لا لشيءٍ إلا لأن أحدًا يذكّرهم بربّهم ومصيرهم المحتوم، ويدلّهم على الطريقِ الذي يتجنبون به ذلك البؤسَ والألم؟ الصورةُ المرسومةُ عميقةٌ ومؤثّرة. ومن تأمّلها سيخجلُ خجلًا شديدًا إن وجد نفسَه فيها.
The scene of asses or zebras in great agitation, running in all directions as they hear a lion roaring, was well known to the Arabs. It is a scene of fast movement in a state of panic. Hence, when it is applied to humans, it invites loud laughter. This is especially so if those humans were in real fear of some impending danger. What can be said about them if such is their state, like terrified asses, only because someone is reminding them of their Lord and their eventual destiny, showing them the way to avoid such misery and pain? The image drawn is profound and effective. Those who contemplate it will be too ashamed if they find themselves in it.
ذلك حالهم الظاهر. وتصف السورة كذلك مشاعرهم الباطنة: ﴿بَلْ يُرِيدُ كُلُّ امْرِئٍ مِّنْهُمْ أَن يُؤْتَىٰ صُحُفًا مُّنَشَّرَةً﴾ (الآية 52). إذن فالمسألة مسألة حسد؛ فهم يحسدون النبي ﷺ على أن الله تعالى منحه هذه النعمة الاستثنائية.
Such is their external condition. The surah, however, describes their inner feelings as well: “ Every one of them demands to be given revelations unfolded before him” (Verse 52) It is, then, a question of envy. They begrudge the Prophet for God having given him this exceptional favour.
وَكُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ يَطْمَعُ أَنْ يُؤْتَى صُحُفًا مُنَشَّرَةً. وَهَذَا لَا شَكَّ إِشَارَةٌ إِلَى أَكَابِرِهِمِ الَّذِينَ شَعَرُوا بِالْأَذَى حِينَ تُجُوِّزَ عَنْهُمْ عِنْدَمَا أُنْزِلَ الْوَحْيُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ. وَمِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ قَالُوا: