الأعراف (الأعراف) | الارتداد إلى حالة الجاهلية 138-171
Al-a`rāf (the Heights) | Relapse Into A State Of Ignorance 138-171
وَجَاوَزْنَا بِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ الْبَحْرَ فَأَتَوْا عَلَىٰ قَوْمٍ يَعْكُفُونَ عَلَىٰ أَصْنَامٍ لَّهُمْ
We led the Children of Israel across the sea; and thereupon they came upon people who were dedicated to the worship of some idols of theirs.
قَالُوا: «يَا مُوسَىٰ اجْعَلْ لَنَا إِلَٰهًا كَمَا لَهُمْ آلِهَةٌ». قَالَ: إِنَّكُمْ قَوْمٌ تَجْهَلُونَ
Said [the Children of Israel]: “Moses, set up a god for us like the gods they have.” He replied:
إِنَّكُمْ قَوْمٌ تَجْهَلُونَ. (138)
“You are indeed an ignorant people. (138)
إِنَّ هَٰؤُلَاءِ مُتَبَّرٌ مَّا هُمْ فِيهِ، وَبَاطِلٌ مَّا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ۔ (١٣٩)
As for these people: their method will inevitably lead to destruction, and worthless is all that they have been doing.” (139)
قَالَ: أَغَيْرَ اللَّهِ أَبْغِيكُمْ إِلَٰهًا وَهُوَ فَضَّلَكُمْ عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ
[And] he said: “Am I to seek for you a deity other than God, although He has favoured you above all other people?” (140)
وَإِذْ نَجَّيْنَاكُم مِّنْ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ يَسُومُونَكُمْ سُوءَ الْعَذَابِ يُذَبِّحُونَ أَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَيَسْتَحْيُونَ نِسَاءَكُمْ ۚ وَفِي ذَٰلِكُم بَلَاءٌ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ عَظِيمٌ (141)
We have indeed saved you from Pharaoh’s people, who oppressed you cruelly: they slew your sons and spared your women. Surely that was an awesome trial from your Lord. (141)
وَوَاعَدْنَا مُوسَىٰ ثَلَاثِينَ لَيْلَةً وَأَتْمَمْنَاهَا بِعَشْرٍ فَتَمَّ مِيقَاتُ رَبِّهِ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً ۚ وَقَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِأَخِيهِ هَارُونَ اخْلُفْنِي فِي قَوْمِي وَأَصْلِحْ وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ سَبِيلَ الْمُفْسِدِينَ ﴿١٤٢﴾
We appointed for Moses thirty nights, to which We added ten, whereby the term of forty nights set by His Lord was complete. Moses said to his brother Aaron: “Take my place among my people and act righteously. Do not follow the path of those who spread corruption.” (142)
وَلَمَّا جَاءَ مُوسَىٰ لِمِيقَاتِنَا وَكَلَّمَهُ رَبُّهُ قَالَ رَبِّ أَرِنِي أَنظُرْ إِلَيْكَ ۚ قَالَ لَن تَرَانِي وَلَٰكِنِ انظُرْ إِلَى الْجَبَلِ فَإِنِ اسْتَقَرَّ مَكَانَهُ فَسَوْفَ تَرَانِي ۚ فَلَمَّا تَجَلَّىٰ رَبُّهُ لِلْجَبَلِ جَعَلَهُ دَكًّا وَخَرَّ مُوسَىٰ صَعِقًا ۚ فَلَمَّا أَفَاقَ قَالَ سُبْحَانَكَ تُبْتُ إِلَيْكَ وَأَنَا أَوَّلُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (143)
When Moses came for Our appointment and his Lord spoke to him, he said: “My Lord, show Yourself to me, so that I may look at You.” Said [God] : “You shall not see Me. But look upon the mountain; if it remains firm in its place, then, only then, you shall see Me.” When his Lord revealed His glory to the mountain, He sent it crashing down. Moses fell down senseless. When he came to himself, he said: “Limitless You are in Your glory. To You I turn in repentance. I am the first to truly believe in You.” (143)
قَالَ: يَا مُوسَىٰ إِنِّي اصْطَفَيْتُكَ عَلَى النَّاسِ بِرِسَالَاتِي وَبِكَلَامِي
He said: “Moses, I have chosen you of all mankind and favoured you by entrusting My messages to you and by My speaking to you.
فَخُذْ مَا آتَيْتُكَ وَكُنْ مِنَ الشَّاكِرِينَ (١٤٤)
Take then what I have given you and be thankful.” (144)
وَكَتَبْنَا لَهُ فِي الْأَلْوَاحِ مِن كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مَّوْعِظَةً وَتَفْصِيلًا لِّكُلِّ شَيْءٍ، فَخُذْهَا بِقُوَّةٍ وَأْمُرْ قَوْمَكَ يَأْخُذُوا بِأَحْسَنِهَا ۚ سَأُرِيكُمْ دَارَ الْفَاسِقِينَ (145)
We wrote for him on the tablets all manner of admonition, clearly spelling out everything, and (said to him): “Implement them with strength and determination, and bid your people to observe what is best in them. I shall show you the abode of the transgressors. (145)
سَأَصْرِفُ عَنْ آيَاتِيَ الَّذِينَ يَتَكَبَّرُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ، وَإِنْ يَرَوْا كُلَّ آيَةٍ لَا يُؤْمِنُوا بِهَا، وَإِنْ يَرَوْا سَبِيلَ الرُّشْدِ لَا يَتَّخِذُوهُ سَبِيلًا، وَإِنْ يَرَوْا سَبِيلَ الْغَيِّ يَتَّخِذُوهُ سَبِيلًا، ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا وَكَانُوا عَنْهَا غَافِلِينَ. (146)
“I will turn away from My revelations those who, without any right, behave arrogantly on earth: for, though they may see every sign, they do not believe in it. If they see the path of righteousness, they do not choose to follow it, but if they see the path of error, they choose it for their path; because they disbelieve in Our revelations and pay no heed to them. (146)
الَّذِينَ كَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا وَلِقَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ ۚ هَلْ يُجْزَوْنَ إِلَّا مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ (١٤٧)
“Those who deny Our revelations and the certainty of the meeting in the hereafter will see all their works collapse. Are they to be rewarded for anything other than what they have done?’ (147)
وَاتَّخَذَ قَوْمُ مُوسَىٰ مِن بَعْدِهِ مِنْ حُلِيِّهِمْ عِجْلًا جَسَدًا لَّهُ خُوَارٌ ۚ أَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّهُ لَا يُكَلِّمُهُمْ وَلَا يَهْدِيهِمْ سَبِيلًا ۘ اتَّخَذُوهُ وَكَانُوا ظَالِمِينَ ﴿١٤٨﴾
In his absence, the people of Moses took to the worship of the effigy of a calf made of their ornaments, which gave a lowing sound. Did they not see that it could neither speak to them nor give them any guidance? Yet they took to worshipping it, for they were evildoers. (148)
وَلَمَّا سُقِطَ فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ وَرَأَوْا أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ ضَلُّوا قَالُوا لَئِنْ لَمْ يَرْحَمْنَا رَبُّنَا وَيَغْفِرْ لَنَا لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ (149)
When they were later afflicted with remorse, having realized that they had gone astray, they said: “If our Lord does not have mercy on us and forgive us, we shall certainly be losers.” (149)
ولَمَّا رَجَعَ مُوسَىٰ إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِ غَضْبَانَ أَسِفًا، قَالَ: بِئْسَمَا خَلَفْتُمُونِي مِنْ بَعْدِي ۖ أَعَجِلْتُمْ أَمْرَ رَبِّكُمْ؟ وَأَلْقَى الْأَلْوَاحَ وَأَخَذَ بِرَأْسِ أَخِيهِ يَجُرُّهُ إِلَيْهِ، قَالَ: ابْنَ أُمَّ إِنَّ الْقَوْمَ اسْتَضْعَفُونِي وَكَادُوا يَقْتُلُونَنِي، فَلَا تُشْمِتْ بِيَ الْأَعْدَاءَ وَلَا تَجْعَلْنِي مَعَ الْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ. (١٥٠)
When Moses returned to his people, full of wrath and sorrow, he said: “What an evil thing you have done in my absence! Have you tried to hurry up your Lord’s command?” He put down the tablets and, seizing his brother by the head, he pulled him to himself. Cried Aaron, “Son of my mother, the people felt I was weak and they almost killed me. Do not let our enemies rejoice over my affliction, and do not count me among the evil-doing folk.” (150)
قَالَ: ﴿رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَلِأَخِي وَأَدْخِلْنَا فِي رَحْمَتِكَ وَأَنْتَ أَرْحَمُ الرَّاحِمِينَ﴾ (151)
Said [Moses]: “My Lord, forgive me and my brother, and admit us to Your grace: for You are indeed the most merciful of those who are merciful.” (151)
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا الْعِجْلَ سَيَنَالُهُمْ غَضَبٌ مِّن رَّبِّهِمْ وَذِلَّةٌ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۚ وَكَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُفْتَرِينَ
Those who took to worshipping the calf have surely incurred their Lord’s wrath, and disgrace [will be their lot] in this life. Thus do We reward those who invent falsehood. (152)
{ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لِلَّذِينَ عَمِلُوا السُّوءَ بِجَهَالَةٍ ثُمَّ تَابُوا مِن بَعْدِ ذَٰلِكَ وَأَصْلَحُوا إِنَّ رَبَّكَ مِن بَعْدِهَا لَغَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ}
But those who do evil deeds and, later repent and truly believe will surely, after such repentance, find your Lord to be much-forgiving, most merciful.
(153)
(153)
وَلَمَّا سَكَتَ عَن مُّوسَى ٱلْغَضَبُ أَخَذَ ٱلْأَلْوَاحَ ۖ وَفِى نُسْخَتِهَا هُدًى وَرَحْمَةٌ لِّلَّذِينَ هُمْ لِرَبِّهِمْ يَرْهَبُونَ ١٥٤
Then when his wrath had subsided, Moses took up the tablets, upon which was inscribed a text of guidance and grace to those who stood in awe of their Lord. (154)
وَاخْتَارَ مُوسَىٰ قَوْمَهُ سَبْعِينَ رَجُلًا لِّمِيقَاتِنَا ۖ فَلَمَّا أَخَذَتْهُمُ الرَّجْفَةُ قَالَ رَبِّ لَوْ شِئْتَ أَهْلَكْتَهُم مِّن قَبْلُ وَإِيَّايَ ۖ أَتُهْلِكُنَا بِمَا فَعَلَ السُّفَهَاءُ مِنَّا ۖ إِنْ هِيَ إِلَّا فِتْنَتُكَ تُضِلُّ بِهَا مَن تَشَاءُ وَتَهْدِي مَن تَشَاءُ ۚ أَنتَ وَلِيُّنَا فَاغْفِرْ لَنَا وَارْحَمْنَا ۖ وَأَنتَ خَيْرُ الْغَافِرِينَ ١٥٥
Moses chose out of his people seventy men to come at a time set by Us. Then, when they were seized by violent trembling, he said: “My Lord, had it been Your will, You could have destroyed them, and myself too, long ago. Would You destroy us because of what the weak-minded among us have done? This is only a trial You have ordained, whereby You allow to go astray whom You will, and You guide aright whom You will. You alone are our guardian: grant us, then, forgiveness and bestow mercy on us. You are the best of all those who do forgive. (155)
وَاكْتُبْ لَنَا فِي هٰذِهِ الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ، إِنَّا هُدْنَا إِلَيْكَ. قَالَ: عَذَابِي أُصِيبُ بِهِ مَنْ أَشَاءُ، وَرَحْمَتِي وَسِعَتْ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ، فَسَأَكْتُبُهَا لِلَّذِينَ يَتَّقُونَ وَيُؤْتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ بِآيَاتِنَا يُؤْمِنُونَ (156)
Ordain for us what is good, both in this world and in the life to come. To You alone we turn.” [God] answered: “I afflict anyone I wish with My torment while My grace encompasses all things; so I will confer it on those who steer away from evil, and spend in charity, and who believe in Our signs— (156)
الَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ الرَّسُولَ النَّبِيَّ الْأُمِّيَّ الَّذِي يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا عِنْدَهُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ، يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَاهُمْ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ، وَيُحِلُّ لَهُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَيُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَبَائِثَ، وَيَضَعُ عَنْهُمْ إِصْرَهُمْ وَالْأَغْلَالَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِهِ وَعَزَّرُوهُ وَنَصَرُوهُ وَاتَّبَعُوا النُّورَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ مَعَهُ، أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ ﷺ. (١٥٧)
those who follow the Messenger, the unlettered Prophet whom they shall find described in the Torah and the Gospel that are with them. He commands them to do what is right and forbids them to do what is wrong, and makes lawful to them the good things of life and forbids them all that is foul. He lifts from them their burdens and the shackles that weigh upon them. Those, therefore, who believe in him, honour and support him, and follow the light that has been bestowed from on high through him shall indeed be successful.” (157)
قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ جَمِيعًا الَّذِي لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۚ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ ۖ فَآمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ النَّبِيِّ الْأُمِّيِّ الَّذِي يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَكَلِمَاتِهِ وَاتَّبِعُوهُ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ (158)
Say: Mankind, I am indeed God’s Messenger to you all. It is to Him that sovereignty over the heavens and the earth belongs. There is no deity other than Him. He alone grants life and causes death. Believe, then, in God and His Messenger, the unlettered Prophet, who believes in God and His words. And follow him, so that you may be rightly guided. (158)
وَمِن قَوْمِ مُوسَىٰ أُمَّةٌ يَهْدُونَ بِالْحَقِّ وَبِهِ يَعْدِلُونَ
Yet among the folk of Moses there are some who guide (others) by means of the truth and act justly in its light. (159)
وَقَطَّعْنَاهُمُ اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ أَسْبَاطًا أُمَمًا ۚ وَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَىٰ مُوسَىٰ إِذِ اسْتَسْقَاهُ قَوْمُهُ أَنِ اضْرِب بِّعَصَاكَ الْحَجَرَ ۖ فَانْبَجَسَتْ مِنْهُ اثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ عَيْنًا ۖ قَدْ عَلِمَ كُلُّ أُنَاسٍ مَّشْرَبَهُمْ ۚ
We divided them into twelve tribes, each a community. And when his people asked Moses for water to drink, We inspired him: “Strike the rock with your staff.” Twelve springs gushed forth from it, and each tribe knew its drinking- place.
وَظَلَّلْنَا عَلَيْكُمُ الْغَمَامَ وَأَنْزَلْنَا عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَنَّ وَالسَّلْوَىٰ ۖ كُلُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ ۚ وَمَا ظَلَمُونَا وَلَٰكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ
We caused the clouds to draw their shadow over them and sent down for them manna and quails, [saying]: “Eat of the good things We have given you as sustenance.” Yet they could do Us no wrong, but they certainly wronged themselves.
(160)
(160)
وَقِيلَ لَهُمُ ادْخُلُوا هَٰذِهِ الْقَرْيَةَ وَكُلُوا مِنْهَا حَيْثُ شِئْتُمْ وَقُولُوا حِطَّةٌ وَادْخُلُوا الْبَابَ سُجَّدًا نَّغْفِرْ لَكُمْ خَطِيئَاتِكُمْ ۚ وَسَنَزِيدُ الْمُحْسِنِينَ (161)
It was said to them: “Dwell in this city and eat of its food whatever you may wish, and say: “Lord, relieve us of our burden,” and enter the gate in humility. We will forgive you your sins, and We will richly reward those who do good.” (161)
فَبَدَّلَ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا قَوْلًا غَيْرَ الَّذِي قِيلَ لَهُمْ
But the wrongdoers among them substituted other words for those which they had been given.
فَأَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ رِجْزًا مِّنَ السَّمَاءِ بِمَا كَانُوا يَظْلِمُونَ
Therefore We let loose against them a scourge from heaven in requital for their wrongdoing.
(162)
(162)
اسْأَلْهُمْ عَنِ الْقَرْيَةِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ حَاضِرَةَ الْبَحْرِ
Ask them about the town which stood by the sea:
كيف دنّسوا السبت، إذ كانت حيتانهم تأتيهم يوم سبتهم ظاهرةً على وجه الماء، ويوم لا يسبتون لا تأتيهم، كذلك بلوناهم بما كانوا يفسقون.
how its people profaned the Sabbath. Each Sabbath their fish appeared before them breaking the water’s surface, but they would not come near them on other than Sabbath days. Thus did We try them because of their disobedience. (163)
قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: «لِمَ تَعِظُونَ قَوْمًا اللهُ مُهْلِكُهُمْ أَوْ مُعَذِّبُهُمْ عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا؟»، فَأَجَابَ آخَرُونَ:
When some among them asked: “Why do you preach to people whom God is certain to destroy, or at least to punish severely?” [others] replied:
لِنَكُونَ مَعْذِرَةً إِلَىٰ رَبِّكُمْ وَلَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَّقُونَ
“So that we may be free from blame in the sight of your Lord, and that they may become Godfearing.” (164)
فَلَمَّا نَسُوا مَا ذُكِّرُوا بِهِ أَنجَيْنَا الَّذِينَ يَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ السُّوءِ وَأَخَذْنَا الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا بِعَذَابٍ بَئِيسٍ بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْسُقُونَ
When they had forgotten all the warnings they had been given, We saved those who had tried to prevent evil, and overwhelmed the transgressors with dreadful suffering for their iniquitous deeds.
(165)
(165)
فَلَمَّا عَتَوْا عَنْ مَا نُهُوا عَنْهُ قُلْنَا لَهُمْ
And when they insolently persisted in doing what they had been forbidden to do, We said to them:
"كُونُوا قِرَدَةً خَاسِئِينَ" (166)
“Turn into despicable apes.” (166)
وَتَأَذَّنَ رَبُّكَ لَيَبْعَثَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ مَنْ يَسُومُهُمْ سُوءَ الْعَذَابِ
Then your Lord declared that He would most certainly raise against them people who would cruelly oppress them till the Day of Resurrection.
إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَسَرِيعُ الْعِقَابِ وَإِنَّهُ لَغَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
Your Lord is swift indeed in His retribution, yet He is certainly much forgiving, merciful. (167)
وَقَطَّعْنَاهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ أُمَمًا ۚ مِّنْهُمُ الصَّالِحُونَ وَمِنْهُم دُونَ ذَٰلِكَ ۖ وَبَلَوْنَاهُم بِالْحَسَنَاتِ وَالسَّيِّئَاتِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ
We dispersed them all over the earth as separate communities; some of them were righteous, and some far from that, and We tried them with blessings and misfortunes, so that they might mend their ways. (168)
ثُمَّ خَلَفَ مِن بَعْدِهِمْ خَلْفٌ وَرِثُوا الْكِتَابَ يَأْخُذُونَ عَرَضَ هَـٰذَا الْأَدْنَىٰ وَيَقُولُونَ سَيُغْفَرُ لَنَا ۚ وَإِن يَأْتِهِمْ عَرَضٌ مِّثْلُهُ يَأْخُذُوهُ ۚ أَلَمْ يُؤْخَذْ عَلَيْهِم مِّيثَاقُ الْكِتَابِ أَن لَّا يَقُولُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ إِلَّا الْحَقَّ وَدَرَسُوا مَا فِيهِ ۗ وَالدَّارُ الْآخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لِّلَّذِينَ يَتَّقُونَ ۗ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ
They were succeeded by generations who inherited the Book. Yet these are keen to enjoy the fleeting pleasures of this lower world and say, “We shall be forgiven.” Should some similar pleasures come their way, they would certainly be keen to indulge them. Have they not solemnly pledged through their Scriptures to say nothing but the truth about God? And have they not studied well what is in [the Scriptures]? Surely the life in the hereafter is better for all who are God-fearing. Will you not use your reason? (169)
وَالَّذِينَ يُمَسِّكُونَ بِالْكِتَابِ وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ إِنَّا لَا نُضِيعُ أَجْرَ الْمُصْلِحِينَ (170)
As for those who hold fast to the Scriptures and attend regularly to their prayers, We shall not fail to reward those who enjoin the doing of what is right. (170)
وَإِذْ نَتَقْنَا الْجَبَلَ فَوْقَهُمْ كَأَنَّهُ ظُلَّةٌ وَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُ وَاقِعٌ بِهِمْ خُذُوا مَا آتَيْنَاكُم بِقُوَّةٍ وَاذْكُرُوا مَا فِيهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ
We suspended the mountain over them as if it were a shadow, and they thought that it would fall down on them [We said]: Hold fast with all your strength to what We have given you and bear in mind all that it contains, so that you may remain God- fearing. (171)
The user's message is "Preview", a single word to translate. It should be translated as "معاينة". معاينة
Preview
يتناول هذا المقطع حلقةً جديدةً من تاريخ موسى وبني إسرائيل، بعد أن أنجاهم الله من عدوهم. وفي المقطع السابق نرى كيف غرق فرعون وقومه في البحر، وكيف دُمّر كل ما صنعوه وشيّدوه. وفي هذه الحلقة لا يواجه موسى طغيان فرعون وقومه، فتلك المعركة قد انتهت. إنه يخوض نوعًا آخر من المعارك، قد يكون أطول وأشد ضراوة، إنها معركته مع النفس البشرية. فقد بقيت في طبيعة بني إسرائيل آثارٌ من الجهل والذل، فأتاحت لصفات الدهاء والقسوة والجبن والضعف أن تظهر في موقفهم. وهذه الصفات لا بد أن تترك أثرها في الطبيعة البشرية، إذ لا شيء يُفسد الطبيعة البشرية أكثر من العيش زمنًا طويلًا تحت الطغيان، وفي جوٍّ من الرعب والخوف يُرغم الناس على اللجوء إلى الحيلة والمكر لتجنّب الشر.
This passage discusses a new episode in the history of Moses and the Children of Israel, after God has saved them from their enemy. In the previous passage we see how Pharaoh and his people were drowned in the sea and all that they had done and built was destroyed. In this episode, Moses does not confront the tyranny of Pharaoh and his people, for that battle is over. He fights a different sort of battle, which may be longer and more ferocious. He is fighting against the human self. Traces of ignorance and humiliation still had their effects on the nature of the Children of Israel, allowing traits of deviousness, cruelty, cowardice and weakness to reveal themselves in their attitude. These traits are bound to take their toll on human nature, because nothing corrupts human nature more than living for a long while under tyranny and in an atmosphere of terror and fear that compels people to resort to devious scheming in order to avoid trouble.
بنو إسرائيل عاشوا تحت هذا النوع من المعاناة زمنًا طويلًا. فقد احتملوا حكم الرعب، مقرونًا بالعقيدة الوثنية لفرعون. ففي البداية كان فرعون يقتل أبناءهم ويستبقي نساءهم. ولما خفّ هذا الطغيان الوحشي، لم يُفضِ إلا إلى حياة من الذل والخضوع. ولا شك أن العيش الطويل في هذه الأحوال سيُفسد طباعهم، ويقودهم إلى مفاهيم خاطئة، ويملأ نفوسهم بالجبن والمرارة القاسية. وقد أُوتي عمر بن الخطاب الفطنة الدقيقة التي يمنحها الله لأفضل عباده، فأدرك تفاعلات الطبيعة البشرية حين أصدر تعليماته إلى من عيّنهم ولاةً على الأقاليم المختلفة، يحثهم على حسن رعاية رعاياهم، ويقول: «لا تضربوهم فتذلّوهم». وقد أدرك أن الضرب البدني من شأنه أن يُذل الناس. وكان إيمانه الإسلامي يقتضي أن يحرص على أن يحفظ الناس الذين يعيشون تحت حكومة إسلامية كرامتهم وسلامتهم.
The Children of Israel lived under this type of suffering for a long while. They endured a reign of terror, coupled with Pharaoh’s idolatrous faith. At first, Pharaoh killed their sons but spared their women. When this type of brutal tyranny abated, it only gave way to a life of humiliation and subjugation. A long life in these conditions was certain to corrupt their nature, leading them to wrong concepts and filling them with cowardice and a cruel bitterness. Equipped with the fine insight granted by God to His best servants, `Umar ibn al-Khaţţāb, recognized the interactions of human nature when he gave his instructions to those whom he appointed as governors of various provinces, urging them to take good care of their subjects, and saying: “Do not thrash them, because that would humiliate them.” He realized that a physical beating is likely to humiliate people. His Islamic faith wanted him to make sure that people living under an Islamic government should have their integrity preserved.
تَرْكُ شُكْرِ نِعَمِ اللَّهِ
Trampling Over God’s Favours
وَجَاوَزْنَا بِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ الْبَحْرَ فَأَتَوْا عَلَى قَوْمٍ يَعْكُفُونَ عَلَى أَصْنَامٍ لَهُمْ ۚ قَالُوا
We led the Children of Israel across the sea; and thereupon they came upon people who were dedicated to the worship of some idols of theirs. Said [the Children of Israel]:
قَالُوا يَا مُوسَى اجْعَل لَّنَا إِلَٰهًا كَمَا لَهُمْ آلِهَةٌ ۚ قَالَ إِنَّكُمْ قَوْمٌ تَجْهَلُونَ ﴿إِنَّ هَٰؤُلَاءِ مُتَبَّرٌ مَّا هُمْ فِيهِ وَبَاطِلٌ مَّا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ﴾ ﴿قَالَ أَغَيْرَ اللَّهِ أَبْغِيكُمْ إِلَٰهًا وَهُوَ فَضَّلَكُمْ عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ ﴿وَإِذْ أَنجَيْنَاكُم مِّنْ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ يَسُومُونَكُمْ سُوءَ الْعَذَابِ يُقَتِّلُونَ أَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَيَسْتَحْيُونَ نِسَاءَكُمْ ۚ وَفِي ذَٰلِكُم بَلَاءٌ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ عَظِيمٌ﴾
“Moses, set up a god for us like the gods they have.” He replied: “You are indeed an ignorant people. As for these people: their method will inevitably lead to destruction, and worthless is all that they have been doing. “[And] he said: `Am I to seek for you a deity other than God, although He has favoured you above all other people?” We have indeed saved you from Pharaoh’s people, who oppressed you cruelly: they slew your sons and spared your women. Surely that was an awesome trial from your Lord.
(الآيات ۱۳۸-۱۴۱)
(Verses 138-141)
هذه الصورة لبني إسرائيل بعد أن عبروا البحر هي المشهد السابع في هذه القصة. نرى هنا بوضوح الطبيعة المنحرفة الجامحة لهؤلاء القوم الذين أثقلهم تاريخهم الطويل. فلم يمضِ زمن طويل على خضوعهم لظلم قاسٍ في ظل الوثنية التي كان عليها فرعون وقومه. وقبل ذلك بقليل، نجّاهم من ذلك الظلم على يد نبيهم وقائدهم موسى ﷺ، باسم الله، الرب الواحد الأوحد في الكون، الذي أهلك عدوّهم وفلق لهم البحر ليعبروه. ولم يكادوا يعبرون البحر حتى أتوا على قوم وثنيين، مكبّين على عبادة الأصنام. فطلبوا حينئذٍ من موسى ﷺ، النبي المرسَل من رب العالمين الداعي إلى إسلام الوجه لإله واحد، أن يجعل لهم إلهاً يعبدونه. ﴿وَجَاوَزْنَا بِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ الْبَحْرَ فَأَتَوْا عَلَىٰ قَوْمٍ يَعْكُفُونَ عَلَىٰ أَصْنَامٍ لَّهُمْ قَالُوا يَا مُوسَى اجْعَل لَّنَا إِلَٰهًا كَمَا لَهُمْ آلِهَةٌ ۚ قَالَ إِنَّكُمْ قَوْمٌ تَجْهَلُونَ﴾ (الأعراف: 138)
This picture of the Children of Israel after having crossed the sea is the seventh scene in this story. We clearly see here the deviant, incorrigible nature of those people encumbered by their long history. It has not been long since they were subjected to cruel oppression under the paganism of Pharaoh and his people. A short while earlier, they were saved from that oppression at the hands of their Prophet and leader, Moses, in the name of God, the only Lord in the universe, who destroyed their enemy and parted the sea for them to cross. Yet hardly had they crossed the sea than they came upon pagan people, dedicated to the worship of idols. At that moment, they asked Moses, the Prophet sent by the Lord of the universe preaching self-surrender to the One God, to set up for them a deity to worship. “We led the Children of Israel across the sea; and thereupon they came upon people who were dedicated to the worship of some idols of theirs. Said [the Children of Israel]: ‘Moses, set up a god for us like the gods they have.’” (Verse 138)
موعد مع الرب الأعلى
An Appointment with the Supreme Lord
الآن ننتقل لنشهد المشهد الثامن من القصة، حين يستعد موسى للقاء ربه العظيم في هذه الحياة. ويوصي أخاه النبي هارون بوصايا محددة قبل أن ينطلق إلى ذلك اللقاء: ﴿وَوَاعَدْنَا مُوسَىٰ ثَلَاثِينَ لَيْلَةً وَأَتْمَمْنَاهَا بِعَشْرٍ فَتَمَّ مِيقَاتُ رَبِّهِ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً ۚ وَقَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِأَخِيهِ هَارُونَ اخْلُفْنِي فِي قَوْمِي وَأَصْلِحْ وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ سَبِيلَ الْمُفْسِدِينَ﴾ (الآية 142).
Now we move on to witness the eighth scene in the story when Moses is preparing himself for a meeting with his great Lord in this life. He gives specific instructions to his brother, the Prophet Aaron, before he leaves for that meeting: “We appointed for Moses thirty nights, to which We added ten, whereby the term of forty nights set by His Lord was complete. Moses said to his brother Aaron: `Take my place among my people and act righteously. Do not follow the path of those who spread corruption.’” (Verse 142)
لقد اكتملت المرحلة الأولى من الرسالة التي أُنيطت بموسى عليه السلام. فقد أنقذ بني إسرائيل من حياة المعاناة والذلّ والاستعباد على يد فرعون وقومه. وعبر بهم من أرض الظلم والمهانة إلى الصحراء الواسعة، في طريقهم إلى الأرض المقدسة. غير أنهم لم يكونوا بعدُ مستعدين للاضطلاع بالمهمة العظيمة التي تنتظرهم، وهي تطبيق شريعة الله في الأرض. وقد رأينا كيف أرادوا العودة إلى الوثنية حين رأوا قوماً منكبين على عبادة أصنامهم.
The first stage of the mission assigned to Moses had been completed. He had saved the Children of Israel from a life of affliction, humiliation and subjugation by Pharaoh and his people. He crossed over with them from the land of tyranny and humiliation into the open desert, on the way to the Holy Land. They, however, were not yet prepared to undertake the great task awaiting them, which was the implementation of God’s law on earth. We have seen how they wanted to revert to paganism once they saw a group of people dedicated to the worship of their idols.
لقد اهتزّ الإيمان الذي دعا إليه موسى علیه السلام، القائم على التوحيد المطلق لله، في قلوبهم بعد فترة وجيزة فقط. وكان لا بدّ لأولئك القوم من رسالة مفصّلة تُهيّئهم لتحمّل التبعات المقبلة. وإنما اختار الله تلك الليالي لموسى ليتلقّى منه تلك الرسالة المفصّلة. وكانت تلك الموعدة تُهيّئ موسى نفسه للّقاء العظيم الذي كان ينتظره.
The faith preached by Moses, based on God’s absolute oneness, was shaken in their hearts after only a short while. It was necessary for those people to have a detailed message to prepare them to shoulder their forthcoming responsibilities. It was to give Moses that detailed message that God appointed those nights for him. The appointment would prepare Moses himself for the great meeting ahead.
كانت مدة الإعداد ثلاثين ليلة، أُضيف إليها عشر ليالٍ لتكتمل أربعين ليلة، يكون فيها موسى عليه السلام متفرغًا تمامًا من جميع شواغل هذه الدنيا، ليتمكّن من التركيز على تكريس نفسه لله وحده. وبذلك تتحقق لنفسه الطهارة والصفاء، ويشتد عزمه على القيام بالأمانة العظيمة التي كانت على وشك أن تُسند إليه.
طلب رؤية الرب
A Request to See the Lord
ثم نأتي إلى المشهد التاسع، وهو مشهد فريد. نجد في هذا المشهد أن الله تعالى اصطفى نبيه موسى [عليه السلام] ليكلمه مباشرة، دون أي واسطة. إنه مشهد يتصل فيه كائن بشري فانٍ بالوجود الأزلي الباقي، دون أي وسيط أو أداة. فيتمكن الإنسان، وهو ما يزال على الأرض، من تلقي التعليمات من الله الأزلي مباشرة. أما نحن فلا نعلم كيف تم ذلك، ولا نعلم كيف كلّم الله عبده موسى، ولا بأي حاسة أو عضو تلقى موسى أوامر الله. ومحاولة وصف ذلك على وجه القطع أمر متعذر علينا نحن البشر، لأننا مقيدون بتجربتنا الخاصة، ومحصورون في عالمنا العملي. وما يمكننا فعله هو أن نستعمل ذلك الجانب من تكويننا الذي ينشأ عن كون الله قد نفخ فيه من روحه، لنتطلع إلى ذلك الأفق العظيم. وعند قيامنا بذلك، ينبغي ألا نفسد هذه التجربة بالسؤال عن كيفية وقوعها، محاولين حصرها في نطاق تجربتنا الخاصة.
Then we come to the ninth scene which is unique. In this scene we find that God has chosen His Prophet Moses [peace be upon him] to talk to him directly, without any intermediary. It is a scene where an insignificant mortal makes contact with the everlasting existence, without any catalyst or intermediary. A human being is thus able to receive instructions directly from God, the eternal, when that human being is still on earth. As for us, we do not know how this took place. We do not know how God spoke to His servant Moses, nor do we know with what sense or organ Moses received God’s commandments. To try to describe this for certain is impossible for us, human beings, because we are limited by our own experience and confined within our own practical world.§ What we can do is to utilize that aspect of our constitution which results from the fact that God has breathed of His soul into man in order to look up to that great horizon. When we do this, we must not ruin that experience by asking how it all took place, trying to limit it to our own experience.
فَلَمَّا جَاءَ مُوسَىٰ لِمِيقَاتِنَا وَكَلَّمَهُ رَبُّهُ قَالَ رَبِّ أَرِنِي أَنْظُرْ إِلَيْكَ ۚ قَالَ لَن تَرَانِي
When Moses came for Our appointment and his Lord spoke to him, he said: “My Lord, show Yourself to me, so that I may look at You.” Said [God]: “You shall not see Me.
لكن انظر إلى الجبل، فإن استقرّ في مكانه فسوف تراني." فلما تجلّى ربّه للجبل جعله دكّاً، وخرّ موسى صعقاً. فلما أفاق قال: "سبحانك، تبتُ إليك، وأنا أوّل المؤمنين." قال: "يا موسى، إني اصطفيتُك على الناس برسالاتي وبكلامي، فخُذ ما آتيتُك وكن من الشاكرين." وكتبنا له في الألواح من كل شيء موعظةً وتفصيلاً لكل شيء، فخذها بقوة، وأْمُرْ قومك يأخذوا بأحسنها، سأُريكم دار الفاسقين. سأصرف عن آياتي الذين يتكبرون في الأرض بغير الحق، وإن يروا كلّ آية لا يؤمنوا بها، وإن يروا سبيل الرشد لا يتخذوه سبيلاً، وإن يروا سبيل الغيّ يتخذوه سبيلاً، ذلك بأنهم كذّبوا بآياتنا وكانوا عنها غافلين. والذين كذّبوا بآياتنا ولقاء الآخرة حَبِطت أعمالهم، هل يُجزَون إلا ما كانوا يعملون؟
But look upon the mountain; if it remains firm in its place, then, only then, you shall see Me.” When his Lord revealed His glory to the mountain, He sent it crashing down. Moses fell down senseless. When he came to himself he said: “Limitless You are in Your glory. To You I turn in repentance. I am the first to truly believe in You.” He said: “Moses, I have chosen you of all mankind and favoured you by entrusting My messages to you and by My speaking to you. Take then what I have given you and be thankful.” We wrote for him on the tablets all manner of admonition, clearly spelling out everything, and (said to him): “Implement them with strength and determination, and bid your people to observe what is best in them. I shall show you the abode of the transgressors. I will turn away from My revelations those who, without any right, behave arrogantly on earth: for, though they may see every sign, they do not believe in it. If they see the path of righteousness, they do not choose to follow it, but if they see the path of error, they choose it for their path; because they disbelieve in Our revelations and pay no heed to them. Those who deny Our revelations and the certainty of the meeting in the Hereafter will see all their works collapse. Are they to be rewarded for anything other than what they have done?’” (Verses 143-147)
منهج جاد في الشريعة الإلهية
A Serious Approach to Divine Law
تُخبرنا السورۃ بعد ذلک بکیفیۃ تلقّي موسیٰ علیہ السلام للرسالۃ ومضمونہا، فیقول تعالیٰ: ﴿وَكَتَبْنَا لَهُ فِي الْأَلْوَاحِ مِن كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مَّوْعِظَةً وَتَفْصِيلًا لِّكُلِّ شَيْءٍ﴾ (الآیۃ ١٤٥). وقد ذکر المفسرون والرواۃ في وصف هذہ الألواح أقوالًا مختلفۃً، وبعضها أوصافٌ مفصّلۃٌ نظنّ أنها مأخوذۃٌ من مصادر یہودیۃ، وقد تسرّبت هذہ الروایات إلی کتب التفسیر، ولم یَثبُت عن رسول اللہ ﷺ شيءٌ من هذہ التفصیلات. ولذلک نقتصر علی ما جاء في القرآن الصحیح، ولا نتجاوزہ قیدَ أنملۃ. وهذہ الأوصاف لا تزید في حقیقۃ تلک الألواح ولا تنقص منها شیئًا. أما ماهیۃ هذہ الألواح وکیفیۃ کتابتها فلیست من الأمور التي تعنینا، إذ لم یُنقل إلینا فیها خبرٌ صحیحٌ یُفصّل ذلک. وإنما المهم هو مضمون تلک الألواح، فقد تضمّنت کل ما هو من جوهر الرسالۃ الإلهیۃ، من بیان التصور الصحیح لله تعالیٰ، وتفصیل شریعته، والتوجیهات اللازمۃ لإصلاح الجماعۃ الإسرائیلیۃ التي فسدت طبیعتها بعد أن طال بها الاستبداد والذل.
The sūrah then tells us how Moses was given the message and its contents: “We wrote for him on the tablets all manner of admonition, clearly spelling out everything.” (Verse 145) Reports and commentators give different accounts of these tablets. Some of them give very detailed descriptions which we imagine to have been taken from Jewish sources. Such accounts have found their way into commentaries on the Qur’ān. None of these details is authentically reported to have been given by God’s Messenger (peace be upon him). Therefore, we confine ourselves to the true Qur’ānic statement, not going an inch beyond it. Those descriptions neither add to, nor detract anything from the nature of those tablets. What were these tablets and how they were written are matters that do not concern us, since no authentic report has provided us with any details. What is important is the contents of those tablets. They included all aspects that were of the essence of the divine message, its aim of providing a true concept of God and details of His law, and the instructions needed to reform the Israelite community whose nature had been corrupted by enduring tyranny and humiliation for a long time.
«خُذْهَا بِقُوَّةٍ وَأْمُرْ قَوْمَكَ يَأْخُذُوا بِأَحْسَنِهَا» (الآية ١٤٥) هذا أمرٌ إلهيٌّ لموسى (عليه السلام) بأن يأخذ تلك الألواح وأن يُنفّذ ما فيها بقوةٍ وعزيمة.
“Implement them with strength and determination, and bid your people to observe what is best in them.” (Verse 145) This is a divine order to Moses (peace be upon him) to take those tablets and implement their contents with strength and determination.
علاوہ ازیں، انہیں (موسیٰ علیہ السلام کو) حکم تھا کہ وہ اپنی قوم کو اس بات کا پابند کریں کہ وہ اپنی سخت ذمہ داریوں کو پورا کریں، کیونکہ یہی ان کے لیے بہترین ہے اور یہی اس بات کا سب سے یقینی ذریعہ ہے کہ ان کے حالات میں عظیم تبدیلی آئے۔ اس حکم کے انداز سے یہ ظاہر ہوتا ہے کہ بنی اسرائیل کی فطرت کی اصلاح کا صحیح طریقہ یہی تھا۔ انہیں اپنی ان ذمہ داریوں کو پورا کرنے میں، جو اللہ کے پیغام میں ان پر واضح کی گئی تھیں، سنجیدگی اور عزم کا مظاہرہ کرنا ضروری تھا۔ لیکن موسیٰ علیہ السلام کو دیا گیا یہ حکم اس بات کی بھی دلیل ہے کہ اللہ کے دین کی طرف ہر قوم کو یہی طریقہ اختیار کرنا چاہیے۔
اختيار متعمَّد خاطئ
A Deliberately Wrong Choice
في ختام هذا المشهد نجد بيانًا واضحًا لما سيؤول إليه أمر أولئك الذين يتمردون على كل حق ويتكبرون، ويعرضون عمدًا عن كل آية آتاها الله وكل توجيه أصدره سبحانه. وهذا البيان يصف بدقة وصدق طبيعة هذا الصنف من الناس، مستخدمًا جميع اللمسات الفنية في الأسلوب القرآني.
At the end of this scene we have a clear statement of what will eventually happen to those who defy every right and behave arrogantly, turning away deliberately from every sign God has given and every directive He has issued. The statement plainly and accurately describes the nature of this type of people, using all the artistic touches of the Qur’ānic style.
سَأَصْرِفُ عَنْ آيَاتِيَ الَّذِينَ يَتَكَبَّرُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ، وَإِنْ يَرَوْا كُلَّ آيَةٍ لَا يُؤْمِنُوا بِهَا، وَإِنْ يَرَوْا سَبِيلَ الرُّشْدِ لَا يَتَّخِذُوهُ سَبِيلًا، وَإِنْ يَرَوْا سَبِيلَ الْغَيِّ يَتَّخِذُوهُ سَبِيلًا، ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا وَكَانُوا عَنْهَا غَافِلِينَ. وَالَّذِينَ كَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا وَلِقَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ، هَلْ يُجْزَوْنَ إِلَّا مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ؟ (الآيتان ١٤٦-١٤٧)
I will turn away from My revelations those who, without any right, behave arrogantly on earth: for, though they may see every sign, they do not believe in it. If they see the path of righteousness, they do not choose to follow it, but if they see the path of error, they choose it for their path; because they disbelieve in Our revelations and pay no heed to them. Those who deny Our revelations and the certainty of the meeting in the Hereafter will see all their works collapse. Are they to be rewarded for anything other than what they have done? (Verses 146-147)
يُخبر الله أنَّ من مشيئته أن يصرف عن آياته أولئك الناس، بحيث لا يستطيعون الاستجابة لها. وبذلك لن ينتفعوا بآياته في الكتاب المفتوح الذي هو الكون، ولا بوحيه الذي أنزله على رسله.
God declares that it is His will to turn such people away from His revelations so that they cannot respond to them. Thus, they will not benefit by His signs in the open book of the universe, or by His revelations that He has sent down to His messengers.
ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ يَكْفُرُونَ وَيَتَّخِذُونَهَا هُزُوًا؟ — hold on, that wording adds content not in the original. Faithful translation: هٰذَا بِسَبَبِ أَعْمَالِهِمْ، فَإِنَّهُمْ هُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَأَعْرَضُوا عَنْهَا وَلَمْ يَلْتَفِتُوا إِلَيْهَا.
This is the result of their own action, because it is they who have disbelieved in God’s revelations and paid no heed to them.
هؤلاء الناس تُعرض صورهم أمام أعيننا بوضوح، حتى نرى من خلال كلمات القرآن كيف يتحركون وكيف يبتسمون، فهم "يتكبرون في الأرض بغير الحق". (الآية 146) ولا حاجة إلى القول إنه لا يحق لأحد أن يتكبر ويفتخر. فالكبرياء صفة تخص الله وحده، ولا يشاركه فيها شريك. وكلما جعل الإنسان الكبرياء سمةً لسلوكه، فإنه يفعل ذلك بغير حق. وأسوأ أنواع الكبر أن يدّعي الإنسان الربوبية على الناس، فيسن تشريعات مخالفة لشرع الله، ويُكره الناس على الخضوع لهذا التشريع الباطل. ومن هذا الجانب الأساسي للكبر تنبع كل السلوكيات المتعالية، وسائر الجوانب تابعة له: "وإن يروا سبيل الرشد لا يتخذوه سبيلا، وإن يروا سبيل الغي يتخذوه سبيلا". (الآية 146)
العودة البائسة إلى العادات القديمة
Miserable Return to Old Ways
عندما كان موسى في هذه الرحلة الفريدة، منصرفًا بكل ما أوتي من قدرات إلى لقائه بربه، كان شيء آخر يجري مع قومه. كان مشغولًا تمامًا بمهمة لا تستطيع عقولنا إلا أن تتأملها دون أن تتصورها؛ مهمة لا تستطيع أفكارنا أن تدركها، ولكن أرواحنا تتفاعل معها بالدفء. لكن في تلك اللحظة نفسها، كان قومه يرتدّون إلى الوثنية، ويتخذون لأنفسهم عجلًا جسدًا لا روح فيه يُخرج خوارًا، فيجعلونه إلهًا يُعبد من دون الله. إذن، هناك هوّة واسعة بين المشهد التاسع والمشهد العاشر من القصة. فالأول يأخذنا إلى أفق سامٍ ننظر فيه إلى جلال الله المتلألئ، بينما يُنزلنا الثاني إلى قاع منخفض من الانحراف والخرافة والكفر:
When Moses was on this unique trip, attending with all his faculties to his meeting with his Lord, something else was happening with his people. He was fully engaged with a mission that our minds can only contemplate but we cannot visualize; a mission our thoughts cannot conceive, but to which our spirits warm. But at that very same time, his people were relapsing into paganism, and taking to themselves a lifeless calf that issues a lowing sound, making of it a deity for worship in place of God. There is, then, a wide gulf between the ninth and tenth scenes of the story. The former took us into a sublime horizon in which we look up to the resplendent glory of God, while the latter brings us to a low depth of deviation, superstition and disbelief:
وَاتَّخَذَ قَوْمُ مُوسَىٰ مِن بَعْدِهِ مِنْ حُلِيِّهِمْ عِجْلًا جَسَدًا لَّهُ خُوَارٌ ۗ أَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّهُ لَا يُكَلِّمُهُمْ وَلَا يَهْدِيهِمْ سَبِيلًا ۘ اتَّخَذُوهُ وَكَانُوا ظَالِمِينَ وَلَمَّا سُقِطَ فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ وَرَأَوْا أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ ضَلُّوا قَالُوا لَئِن لَّمْ يَرْحَمْنَا رَبُّنَا وَيَغْفِرْ لَنَا لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ
In his absence, the people of Moses took to the worship of the effigy of a calf made of their ornaments, which gave a lowing sound. Did they not see that it could neither speak to them nor give them any guidance? Yet they took to worshipping it, for they were evildoers. When they were later afflicted with remorse, having realized that they had gone astray, they said: ‘if our Lord does not have mercy on us and forgive us, we shall certainly be losers.” (Verses 148-149)
كان ذلك من طبيعة بني إسرائيل، الذين كانوا بالكاد يخطون خطوة واحدة على الطريق المستقيم حتى ينحرفوا عنه. وكانوا بالكاد يستطيعون أن يرتقوا بعقائدهم وتصوراتهم فوق ما هو مادي ومحسوس. بل كانت فترة وجيزة من الانقطاع عن الموعظة والتذكير كافية لأن يعودوا إلى الكفر.
That was typical of the nature of the Israelites who could hardly move one step along the straight path before they deviated. They were hardly able to elevate themselves, in their beliefs and concepts, above what is physical and tangible. Even a short lull in exhortation and reminders could see them relapsing into disbelief.
عودة حزينة لموسى
A Sad Return for Moses
كُلُّ هٰذا وَقَعَ حينَما كانَ مُوسىٰ معَ رَبِّهِ، يُوَجِّهُ دُعاءَهُ إلَيْهِ.
All this took place when Moses was with his Lord, addressing his appeal to Him.
لم يكن يعلم بما فعله قومه في غيبته. وفي هذه المرحلة تُرفع أمام أعيننا المشهد الحادي عشر: ﴿وَلَمَّا رَجَعَ مُوسَىٰ إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِ غَضْبَانَ أَسِفًا قَالَ بِئْسَمَا خَلَفْتُمُونِي مِن بَعْدِي ۖ أَعَجِلْتُمْ أَمْرَ رَبِّكُمْ ۖ وَأَلْقَى الْأَلْوَاحَ وَأَخَذَ بِرَأْسِ أَخِيهِ يَجُرُّهُ إِلَيْهِ ۚ قَالَ ابْنَ أُمَّ إِنَّ الْقَوْمَ اسْتَضْعَفُونِي وَكَادُوا يَقْتُلُونَنِي فَلَا تُشْمِتْ بِيَ الْأَعْدَاءَ وَلَا تَجْعَلْنِي مَعَ الْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ * قَالَ رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَلِأَخِي وَأَدْخِلْنَا فِي رَحْمَتِكَ ۖ وَأَنتَ أَرْحَمُ الرَّاحِمِينَ﴾ [الأعراف: 150-151]
He was unaware of what his people had done in his absence. At this point, scene eleven is raised before our eyes: “When Moses returned to his people, full of wrath and sorrow, he said: ‘What an evil thing you have done in my absence! Have you tried to hurry up your Lord’s command?’ He put down the tablets and, seizing his brother by the head, he pulled him to himself. Cried Aaron, ‘Son of my mother, the people felt I was weak and they almost killed me. Do not let our enemies rejoice over my affliction, and do not count me among the evil-doing folk.’ Said [Moses]: ‘My Lord, forgive me and my brother, and admit us to Your grace: for You are indeed the most merciful of those who are merciful.‘“ (Verses (Verses 150-151)
نَرَى كَيْفَ كَانَ مُوسَىٰ غَضْبَانَ أَشَدَّ الْغَضَبِ، وَيُمْكِنُ الشُّعُورُ بِالْغَضَبِ فِي كَلَامِهِ وَفِعْلِهِ، وَلَا سِيَّمَا حِينَ أَخَذَ بِرَأْسِ أَخِيهِ وَجَرَّهُ: ﴿قَالَ بِئْسَمَا خَلَفْتُمُونِي مِنْ بَعْدِي ۖ أَعَجِلْتُمْ أَمْرَ رَبِّكُمْ ۖ وَأَلْقَى الْأَلْوَاحَ وَأَخَذَ بِرَأْسِ أَخِيهِ يَجُرُّهُ إِلَيْهِ﴾ [الأعراف: ١٥٠]
We see how terribly angry Moses was. Anger can be felt in both what he said and did, particularly seizing his brother by the head and dragging him: “’What an evil thing you have done in my absence! Have you tried to hurry up your Lord’s command?’ Seizing his brother by the head, he pulled him to himself” (Verse 150)
فَلَمَّا كَانَ مِنَ الْحَقِّ أَنْ يَغْضَبَ مُوسَىٰ غَضَبًا شَدِيدًا، إِذْ تَلَقَّى صَدْمَةً شَدِيدَةً وَمُفَاجَأَةً مُؤْلِمَةً. ولِذَلِكَ قَالَ: ﴿بِئْسَمَا خَلَفْتُمُونِي مِنْ بَعْدِي﴾ [الأعراف: 150]. أي: لَقَدْ تَرَكْتُكُمْ عَلَى الْهُدَى الْمُسْتَقِيمِ، فَارْتَدَدْتُمْ إِلَى الضَّلَالِ. فَقَبْلَ أَنْ أَرْحَلَ كُنْتُمْ تَعْبُدُونَ اللهَ وَحْدَهُ، وَفِي غَيْبَتِي اتَّخَذْتُمُ العِبَادَةَ لِعِجْلٍ جَسَدٍ لَا رُوحَ فِيهِ يُخْرِجُ خُوَارًا. ﴿أَعَجِلْتُمْ أَمْرَ رَبِّكُمْ﴾ [الأعراف: 150]. وَيَحْتَمِلُ هَذَا أَنَّهُمْ أَرَادُوا أَنْ يُعَجِّلُوا أَحْكَامَ اللهِ وَعُقُوبَتَهُ، وَيَحْتَمِلُ أَنَّهُمْ حَاوَلُوا أَنْ يُعَجِّلُوا مَوْعِدَهُ.
حكم مناسب
A Fitting Judgement
في هذه المرحلة، يصدر الحكم النهائي ممن له سلطان إصداره. ويأتي كلام الله مباشرةً بعد ما يحكيه القرآن من أقوالهم، على عادة القرآن المعروفة: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا الْعِجْلَ سَيَنَالُهُمْ غَضَبٌ مِّن رَّبِّهِمْ وَذِلَّةٌ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۗ وَكَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُفْتَرِينَ * وَالَّذِينَ عَمِلُوا السَّيِّئَاتِ ثُمَّ تَابُوا مِن بَعْدِهَا وَآمَنُوا إِنَّ رَبَّكَ مِن بَعْدِهَا لَغَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ﴾ [الأعراف: 152-153].
At this point, the final judgement is passed by the One who has the authority to give such a judgement. God’s words follow directly on what the Qur’ān relates of the words in the familiar Qur’ānic fashion: “Those who took to worshipping the calf have surely incurred their Lord’s wrath, and disgrace [will be their lot] in this life. Thus do We reward those who invent falsehood. But those who do evil deeds and later repent and truly believe will surely, after such repentance, find your Lord to be much-forgiving, most merciful.” (Verses 152-153)
هذا حكمٌ ووعدٌ. فإنّ الذين عبدوا العجل كان لا بدّ أن ينالهم غضبُ الله، وأن يكونوا عُرضةً للذلّ في هذه الحياة الدنيا. وفي الوقت نفسه، تبقى سنّةُ الله قائمة: فالذين يتوبون بعد أن أساؤوا سينالون لا محالة مغفرةَ الله ورحمتَه. وهذا يعني أنّ الله يعلم تمامًا أنّ الذين عبدوا العجل لن يرجعوا إليه بالتوبة الصادقة. ولقد كانوا حريصين على أن يفعلوا ما يكفي لجعل تلك القاعدة الدائمة غيرَ منطبقةٍ عليهم. والتاريخ يشهد بأنّ الأمر كان كذلك؛ فقد ظلّ بنو إسرائيل يقترفون معصيةً تلو أخرى، والله يغفر لهم مرةً بعد مرة، حتى استحقّوا في النهاية الرفضَ الدائم من الله: ﴿وَكَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُفْتَرِينَ﴾ (الآية 152). وهذا يسري على جميع المفترين على الله الكذب. فكلّما تكرّرت الجريمة مرةً بعد أخرى، سواءٌ من بني إسرائيل أو من أيّ قومٍ آخرين، فإنّ عقوبتها لا محالة واقعة.
This is a judgement and a promise. The people who worshipped the calf were certain to incur God’s anger and were certain to be at the receiving end of disgrace in this life. At the same time, God’s rule remains valid: those who repent after having misbehaved are certain to receive God’s forgiveness and His mercy. This means that God is fully aware that those who worshipped the calf would never turn back to God in sincere repentance. They were sure to do enough to make that permanent rule inapplicable to them. History shows that this was the case. The Children of Israel continued to do one sinful act after another, and God continued to forgive them time after time, until eventually they incurred God’s permanent rejection: “Thus do We reward those who invent falsehood.” (Verse 152) This applies to all the inventors of falsehood. Whenever the crime is repeated, time after time, whether by the Children of Israel or any other people, then its punishment is certain to apply.
إنَّ وعدَ اللهِ حقٌّ لا محالةَ. لقد حكمَ على الذين اتخذوا العجلَ معبودًا بأن يكونوا تحتَ غضبِه وأن يُذلّوا. وكان آخرُ ما تضمّنه حكمُه أنه سيُرسل إليهم، مرةً بعد مرة، إلى يوم القيامة، من يُنزلون بهم عذابًا شديدًا. وقد يحدث أنهم في فترةٍ معيّنةٍ من التاريخ يبدون وكأنّ لهم من القوة والنفوذ ما يمكّنهم من التعالي على غيرهم من الأمم. وقد يبدون وكأنّ لهم من الثروة الطائلة ما يمنحهم هذه القوة. وقد يتمكنون من السيطرة على وسائل إعلام العالم، بل قد يكون لهم الكلمة الفصل في إيصال حكوماتٍ إلى السلطة في بلدانٍ مختلفة تأتمر بأمرهم. قد نرى ذلك كلّه وأكثر منه، ولكنّ هذا لا يناقض تحذيرَ اللهِ لهم ولا حكمَه عليهم. فكلُّ هذه الأفعال ستنقلب عليهم، إذ سيغذّي الناسُ كراهيتَهم التي ستُهلكهم في نهاية المطاف.
السبعون المختارون من بني إسرائيل
The Seventy Chosen Israelites
ثم تبدأ السورة مشهدًا جديدًا، نرى فيه موسى يختار سبعين رجلًا من قومه: ﴿وَاخْتَارَ مُوسَىٰ قَوْمَهُ سَبْعِينَ رَجُلًا لِّمِيقَاتِنَا ۖ فَلَمَّا أَخَذَتْهُمُ الرَّجْفَةُ قَالَ رَبِّ لَوْ شِئْتَ أَهْلَكْتَهُم مِّن قَبْلُ وَإِيَّايَ ۖ أَتُهْلِكُنَا بِمَا فَعَلَ السُّفَهَاءُ مِنَّا ۖ إِنْ هِيَ إِلَّا فِتْنَتُكَ تُضِلُّ بِهَا مَن تَشَاءُ وَتَهْدِي مَن تَشَاءُ ۚ أَنتَ وَلِيُّنَا فَاغْفِرْ لَنَا وَارْحَمْنَا ۖ وَأَنتَ خَيْرُ الْغَافِرِينَ * وَاكْتُبْ لَنَا فِي هَٰذِهِ الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ إِنَّا هُدْنَا إِلَيْكَ ۚ قَالَ عَذَابِي أُصِيبُ بِهِ مَنْ أَشَاءُ ۖ وَرَحْمَتِي وَسِعَتْ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ ۚ فَسَأَكْتُبُهَا لِلَّذِينَ يَتَّقُونَ وَيُؤْتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ وَالَّذِينَ هُم بِآيَاتِنَا يُؤْمِنُونَ * الَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ الرَّسُولَ النَّبِيَّ الْأُمِّيَّ الَّذِي يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا عِندَهُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنجِيلِ يَأْمُرُهُم بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَاهُمْ عَنِ الْمُنكَرِ وَيُحِلُّ لَهُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَيُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَبَائِثَ وَيَضَعُ عَنْهُمْ إِصْرَهُمْ وَالْأَغْلَالَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ ۚ فَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِهِ وَعَزَّرُوهُ وَنَصَرُوهُ وَاتَّبَعُوا النُّورَ الَّذِي أُنزِلَ مَعَهُ ۙ أُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ﴾
The sūrah then begins a new scene, in which we see Moses selecting seventy men from among his people: “Moses chose out of his people seventy men to come at a time set by Us. Then, when they were seized by violent trembling, he said: ‘My Lord, had it been Your will, You could have destroyed them, and myself too, long ago. Would You destroy us because of what the weak-minded among us have done? This is only a trial You have ordained, whereby You allow to go astray whom You will, and You guide aright whom You will. You alone are our guardian: grant us, then, forgiveness and bestow mercy on us. You are the best of all those who do forgive. Ordain for us what is good, both in this world and in the lift to come. To You alone we turn. [God] answered. I afflict anyone I wish with My torment while My grace encompasses all things; so I will confer it on those who steer away from evil, and spend in charity, and who believe in Our signs — those who follow the Messenger, the unlettered Prophet whom they shall find described in the Torah and the Gospel that are with them. He commands them to do what is right and forbids them to do what is wrong, and makes lawful to them the good things of life and forbids them all that is foul. He lifts from them their burdens and the shackles that weigh upon them. Those, therefore, who believe in him, honour and support him, and follow the light that has been bestowed from on high through him shall indeed be successful.’“ (Verses 155-157)
اختلفت الروايات في سبب هذا الاختيار. فقيل: إنما كان ذلك ليُقِرّوا بالتوبة ويسألوا الله أن يغفر لبني إسرائيل بعد أن انغمسوا من جديد في الضلال والكفر. وفي سورة البقرة نعلم أن التوبة التي فُرضت على بني إسرائيل كانت أن يقتل بعضهم بعضًا، أي أن يقتل الأخيار منهم من كان عاصيًا منهم. وقد فعلوا ذلك حتى أمرهم الله بالكف وقبل توبتهم. وكان أولئك السبعون رجالًا هم خيار القوم. ويتميز هؤلاء عن جملة بني إسرائيل بطريقة التعبير عن الاختيار في اللغة العربية.
أهلُ رحمةِ الله
The Recipients of God’s Mercy
فبعد أن أخبر اللهُ نبيَّه موسى بهذا الحكم، يخبره بعد ذلك عن المستقبل وعن الأمة التي ستتبع النسخة الأخيرة من رسالته، وهي الأمة التي ستنال رحمته التي وسعت كل شيء. والتعبير هنا يدل على أن رحمة الله وفضله أعظم بكثير من الكون كله، بأبعاده التي يعجز الإنسان عن تصورها. فعظيمةٌ حقًّا تلك الرحمة التي لا يعلم مقدارها إلا الله وحده.
Having thus informed His Prophet, Moses, of this rule, God then tells him something about the future and the community which will advocate the final version of His message and who will earn His mercy that encompasses everything. The expression here shows that God’s grace and mercy is far greater than the whole universe whose dimensions are impossible for human beings to visualize. Great indeed is the mercy whose measure is only known to God Himself.
وَرَحْمَتِي وَسِعَتْ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ ۚ فَسَأَكْتُبُهَا لِلَّذِينَ يَتَّقُونَ وَيُؤْتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ وَالَّذِينَ هُم بِآيَاتِنَا يُؤْمِنُونَ الَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ الرَّسُولَ النَّبِيَّ الْأُمِّيَّ الَّذِي يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا عِندَهُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنجِيلِ يَأْمُرُهُم بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَاهُمْ عَنِ الْمُنكَرِ وَيُحِلُّ لَهُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَيُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَبَائِثَ وَيَضَعُ عَنْهُمْ إِصْرَهُمْ وَالْأَغْلَالَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ ۚ فَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِهِ وَعَزَّرُوهُ وَنَصَرُوهُ وَاتَّبَعُوا النُّورَ الَّذِي أُنزِلَ مَعَهُ ۙ أُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ Note: this is a rendering of the English text, which paraphrases the Qur'an (Al-A'raf 7:156–157). The translation above follows the Qur'anic wording, but the verse text is not reproduced in my translation of the English; I have only the English here.
My grace encompasses all things; so I will confer it on those who steer away from evil, and spend in charity, and who believe in Our signs — those who follow the Messenger, the unlettered Prophet whom they shall find described in the Torah and the Gospel that are with them. He commands them to do what is right and forbids them to do what is wrong, and makes lawful to them the good things of life and forbids them all that is foul. He lifts from them their burdens and the shackles that weigh upon them. Those, therefore, who believe in him, honour and support him, and follow the light that has been bestowed from on high through him shall indeed be successful.
(الآيات ١٥٦-١٥٧)
(Verses 156-157)
هذه خبرٌ بالغ الأهمية، يؤكد أن بني إسرائيل قد أُعطوا، على أتمّ وجه وأوثقه، علماً قاطعاً بمجيء النبيّ الأمّيّ ﷺ، وقد أخبرهم بذلك نبياهما موسى وعيسى عليهما السلام منذ زمنٍ بعيد. وقد بيّنا لهم رسالته وصفته، والمنهج الذي تسير عليه دعوته، والسمات المميّزة لدينه. فهو «النبيّ الأمّيّ» الذي يأمر الناس بالمعروف وينهاهم عن المنكر ﷺ، وهو الذي يضع عن بني إسرائيل الذين يؤمنون به الأغلال والآصار التي علم الله أنها ستُفرض عليهم بسبب عصيانهم، وستبقى تلازمهم حتى يرفعها النبيّ الأمّيّ ﷺ عمّن آمن به. وأتباعه يخشون ربّهم، ويجتنبون الشرّ، ويؤدّون الزكاة، ويؤمنون بآيات الله. وقد بلغ بني إسرائيل أيضاً الخبر اليقين بأنّ الذين يؤمنون بهذا النبيّ الأمّيّ ﷺ، ويعظّمونه وينصرونه، ويتّبعون النور الذي أُنزل معه، «أولئك هم المفلحون». وهذه البشارة المبكّرة التي أعطاها موسى عليه السلام لبني إسرائيل توضّح الصورة التي ستكون عليها رسالة الله في المستقبل، ومن سيحمل لواءها، ومن سيتّبع حامل اللواء، وما السبيل الذي يضمن نيل رحمته. ومن ثمّ فلا عذر لأتباع الأديان السابقة في ألّا يتّبعوا رسالة الإسلام، بعدما بُشّروا بها هذه البشارة المبكّرة.
رسولُ اللهِ ﷺ إلى جميعِ البشر
God’s Messenger to All Mankind
تتوقف السورة عند هذا الموضع في سرد قصة موسى وبني إسرائيل لتخاطب النبي الأمي نفسه، فتأمره بأن يعلن أن رسالته تعم الناس جميعاً، وفاءً بوعد الله: "قُلْ
The sūrah pauses at this point in its relating of Moses and the Children of Israel’s story to address the unlettered Prophet himself, giving him God’s order to declare that his message applies to all mankind, in fulfilment of God’s promise: “Say:
«يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ جَمِيعًا الَّذِي لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۚ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ ۖ فَآمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ النَّبِيِّ الْأُمِّيِّ الَّذِي يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَكَلِمَاتِهِ وَاتَّبِعُوهُ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ»
‘Mankind, I am indeed God’s Messenger to you all. It is to Him that sovereignty over the heavens and the earth belongs. There is no deity other than Him. He alone grants life and causes death. Believe, then, in God and His Messenger, the unlettered Prophet, who believes in God and His words. And follow him, so that you may be rightly guided.’” (Verse 158)
هذه، إذن، الرسالة الأخيرة الشاملة التي لا تقتصر على أمة بعينها أو منطقة بعينها أو جيل بعينه. فقد كانت الرسالات السابقة محدودة بأمة معينة أو بفترة زمنية معينة تمتد إلى أن يظهر رسول جديد. وقد أحرزت البشرية تقدمًا محدودًا في ضوء تلك الرسالات، تمهيدًا لهذه الرسالة الأخيرة. وكانت كل رسالة جديدة تتضمن بعض التعديلات في الشريعة الإلهية روعي فيها التطور البشري. أما الرسالة الأخيرة فهي كاملة ومتممة في جوهرها، تاركة مجالًا للمرونة في تطبيق تفاصيلها. وهي موجهة إلى البشرية جمعاء، ولن تكون بعدها رسالات محلية لأمة معينة أو جيل معين. وهي تستجيب للفطرة الإنسانية الأساسية، مما يعني أنها صالحة للبشرية كلها. ومن هنا جاء بها النبي الأمي الذي بقيت فطرته نقية، لم يصقلها إلا العناية التي تلقاها من الله. ومن هنا حملت الفطرة النقية للنبي رسالةً نقيةً بطبعها، تخاطب الفطرة ذاتها المشتركة بين جميع البشر ﷺ.
This is, then, the final, universal message that is not confined to a particular community, area or generation. Earlier messages were limited to a certain community or a certain period of time which extended until the appearance of a new messenger. Mankind made certain limited progress in the light of those messages, in preparation for this last message. Every new message incorporated certain modifications of the divine law that took into account human progress. The final message is complete and perfect in essence leaving room for flexibility in the implementation of its details. It is meant for all mankind, and there will be no subsequent local messages for any particular community or generation. It responds to basic human nature, which means that it is suitable for all mankind. Hence, it was conveyed by the unlettered Prophet whose nature remained pure, refined only by the care he received from God. Hence, the Prophet’s pure nature conveyed the naturally pure message, addressing the very nature that is common to all mankind:
الانحراف عن أوامر الله
Straying Away from God’s Commandments
تتابع السورة سرد جوانب من تاريخ بني إسرائيل، فتعود إلى القصة من حيث توقفت بعد الرجفة التي أصابت السبعين رجلاً الذين اختارهم موسى لميقات ربه. وقد كان موسى منشغلاً بدعاء خاشع إلى ربه أن ينجيهم. ونعلم من الروايات الواردة في سور أخرى أن هؤلاء السبعين بُعثوا بعد موتهم، ورجعوا إلى قومهم مؤمنين مخبتين. وتعود السورة إلى خيط هذه القصة، لكنها تبدأ أولاً ببيان أن ليس كل بني إسرائيل كانوا على ضلال: ﴿وَمِن قَوْمِ مُوسَىٰ أُمَّةٌ يَهْدُونَ بِالْحَقِّ وَبِهِ يَعْدِلُونَ﴾ [الأعراف: 159].
The sūrah resumes its account of the certain aspects of the history of the Israelites, picking it up after the violent trembling that seized the seventy people Moses had chosen for the appointment set by God. Moses was absorbed in a heartfelt supplication to his Lord to save them. We know from the accounts given in other sūrahs that these seventy people were resurrected and returned to their folk, full of faith. The sūrah picks up the thread of this story, but begins first by stating that not everyone among the Israelites was in error: “Yet among the folk of Moses there are some who guide (others) by means of the truth and act justly in its light.” (Verse 159)
هذا يصف حالهم في زمن موسى وبعده، وكان من بينهم جماعة حريصة على اتباع الحق وإظهار هدايته والمحافظة على العدل. وكان هؤلاء هم الذين استقبلوا رسالة النبي محمد ﷺ بالقبول والترحيب، لأنهم كانوا قد عُرفوا في التوراة بمجيئه المرتقب. وأبرزهم عبد الله بن سلام رضي الله عنه، الصحابي الذي وقف في وجه اليهود بالمدينة مبيّنًا لهم ما تقوله التوراة عن النبي الأمي، وكذلك أن الشريعة الإسلامية قد أقرّت عددًا من الأحكام اليهودية.
This describes their situation at the time of Moses, and after him, which meant that there was among them a group who were keen to follow the truth and show its guidance and maintain justice. It was such people who received the Prophet Muhammad’s message with ready acceptance, since they were informed in the Torah of his forthcoming appearance. The most notable of these was `Abdullāh ibn Sallām (may God be pleased with him), a companion of the Prophet who stood up to the Jews in Madinah pointing out to them what the Torah says about the unlettered Prophet as well as the fact that Islamic law endorsed a number of Jewish laws.
ثم تستأنف السورة سردها للأحداث التاريخية: ﴿وَقَطَّعْنَاهُمُ اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ أَسْبَاطًا أُمَمًا ۚ وَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَىٰ مُوسَىٰ إِذِ اسْتَسْقَاهُ قَوْمُهُ أَنِ اضْرِب بِّعَصَاكَ الْحَجَرَ ۖ فَانبَجَسَتْ مِنْهُ اثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ عَيْنًا ۖ قَدْ عَلِمَ كُلُّ أُنَاسٍ مَّشْرَبَهُمْ ۖ وَظَلَّلْنَا عَلَيْهِمُ الْغَمَامَ وَأَنزَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمُ الْمَنَّ وَالسَّلْوَىٰ ۖ كُلُوا مِن طَيِّبَاتِ مَا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ ۖ وَمَا ظَلَمُونَا وَلَٰكِن كَانُوا أَنفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ﴾ (الأعراف: 160)
The sūrah then resumes its account of the historical events: “We divided them into twelve tribes, each a community. And when his people asked Moses for water to drink, We inspired him: ‘Strike the rock with your staff’ Twelve springs gushed forth from it, and each tribe knew its drinking-place. We caused the clouds to draw their shadow over them and sent down for them manna and quails, [saying]: ‘Eat of the good things We have given you as sustenance.’ Yet they could do Us no wrong, but they certainly wronged themselves.” (Verse 160)
الاستجابة لعناية الله
Response to God’s Care
كيف استجاب بنو إسرائيل لعناية الله؟ وما الخطوات التي خطَوها على الطريق الطويل الذي رُسم لهم؟ ﴿وَإِذْ قُلْنَا ادْخُلُوا هَٰذِهِ الْقَرْيَةَ فَكُلُوا مِنْهَا حَيْثُ شِئْتُمْ رَغَدًا وَادْخُلُوا الْبَابَ سُجَّدًا وَقُولُوا حِطَّةٌ نَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ خَطِيئَاتِكُمْ ۚ وَسَنَزِيدُ الْمُحْسِنِينَ * فَبَدَّلَ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا مِنْهُمْ قَوْلًا غَيْرَ الَّذِي قِيلَ لَهُمْ﴾
How did the Children of Israel respond to God’s care? What steps did they take on the long road pointed out to them? “It was said to them: Dwell in this city and eat of its food whatever you may wish, and say: “Lord, relieve us of our burden,” and enter the gate in humility. We will forgive you your sins, and We will richly reward those who do good.’ But the wrongdoers among them substituted other words for those which they had been given.
فَأَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ رِجْزًا مِّنَ السَّمَاءِ بِمَا كَانُوا يَظْلِمُونَ (الأعراف: ١٦١-١٦٢)
Therefore We let loose against them a scourge from heaven in requital for their wrongdoing.” (Verses 161-162)
ثُمَّ غَفَرَ اللهُ لَهُمْ ذَنْبَهُمْ فِي عِبَادَةِ العِجْلِ، وَغَفَرَ لَهُمْ أَيْضًا بَعْدَ أَنْ أَخَذَتْهُمُ الرَّجْفَةُ وَهُمْ عِنْدَ الجَبَلِ. وَقَدْ أَغْدَقَ عَلَيْهِمْ جَمِيعَ نِعَمِهِ، ومَعَ ذَلِكَ عَادَتْ طَبِيعَتُهُمْ تَذْهَبُ بِهِمْ عَنِ الصِّرَاطِ المُسْتَقِيمِ. فَعَصَوْا مَرَّةً أُخْرَى، وَبَدَّلُوا كَلَامَ اللهِ. قِيلَ لَهُمُ: ادْخُلُوا قَرْيَةً بِعَيْنِهَا، لَمْ يُذْكَرِ اسْمُهَا فِي القُرْآنِ لِأَنَّ مَعْرِفَةَ اسْمِهَا لَا تَزِيدُ القِصَّةَ دَلَالَةً، وَأَحَلَّ اللهُ لَهُمْ جَمِيعَ ثِمَارِهَا وَأَرْزَاقِهَا، بِشَرْطِ أَنْ يَقُولُوا عِنْدَ دُخُولِهَا دُعَاءً مُعَيَّنًا، وَأَنْ يَسْجُدُوا عِنْدَ الدُّخُولِ. وَكَانَ هَذَا السُّجُودُ الأَخِيرُ مَطْلُوبًا إِعْلَانًا لِخُضُوعِهِمْ لِلهِ وَقْتَ النَّصْرِ حِينَ شَعَرُوا بِالقُوَّةِ الشَّدِيدَةِ، كَمَا سَجَدَ النَّبِيُّ مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ بَعْدَ قُرُونٍ عَلَى ظَهْرِ نَاقَتِهِ حِينَ فُتِحَتْ مَكَّةُ لِلْإِسْلَامِ. وَفِي مُقَابِلِ طَاعَتِهِمْ وَعَدَهُمُ اللهُ بِمَغْفِرَةِ خَطَايَاهُمْ وَبِزِيَادَةِ ثَوَابِ المُحْسِنِينَ مِنْهُمْ. فَلِمَاذَا يَعْصُونَ؟ لَيْسَ لِذَلِكَ تَفْسِيرٌ سِوَى أَنَّ الانْحِرَافَ كَانَ فِي طَبِيعَتِهِمْ: ﴿فَبَدَّلَ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا مِنْهُمْ قَوْلًا غَيْرَ الَّذِي قِيلَ لَهُمْ﴾ (البقرۃ: 162).
God forgave them their sin of worshipping the calf, and He also forgave them after they were seized by the trembling when they were on the mountain. He has given them all His blessings; yet again their nature takes them away from the straight path. Again they disobey and change God’s words. They are told to enter a particular city, the name of which is not given in the Qur’ān because knowing its name does not add to the significance of the story, and God makes lawful for them all its fruits and provisions, provided that as they enter they say a particular supplication and prostrate themselves on entry. That last gesture was required as a declaration of their submission to God at the time of victory when they felt very powerful, just as the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) prostrated himself many centuries later, on the back of his camel, when Makkah fell to Islam. In return for their obedience, God promised to forgive them their sins and to increase the reward of those among them who did well. But why would they disobey? There is no explanation other than the fact that deviation was in their nature: “But the wrongdoers among them substituted other words for those which they had been given.” (Verse 162)
الفتنة تغلب الإرادة
Temptation Overcomes Willpower
مرة أخرى يقع بنو إسرائيل في المعصية والعصيان. وفي هذه الحالة بعينها لا يخالفون حكم الله علانية، بل يحاولون إيجاد الثغرات للتهرب مما يوجبه الشرع. ولا يستطيعون الثبات أمام الابتلاء الذي يتعرضون له، لأن الثبات يتطلب نفسًا قادرة على ضبط الشهوات والطموحات: ﴿وَاسْأَلْهُمْ عَنِ الْقَرْيَةِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ حَاضِرَةَ الْبَحْرِ إِذْ يَعْدُونَ فِي السَّبْتِ إِذْ تَأْتِيهِمْ حِيتَانُهُمْ يَوْمَ سَبْتِهِمْ شُرَّعًا وَيَوْمَ لَا يَسْبِتُونَ لَا تَأْتِيهِمْ ۛ كَذَٰلِكَ نَبْلُوهُم بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْسُقُونَ﴾ ﴿وَإِذْ قَالَتْ أُمَّةٌ مِّنْهُمْ لِمَ تَعِظُونَ قَوْمًا ۙ اللَّهُ مُهْلِكُهُمْ أَوْ مُعَذِّبُهُمْ عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا ۖ قَالُوا مَعْذِرَةً إِلَىٰ رَبِّكُمْ وَلَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَّقُونَ﴾ ﴿فَلَمَّا نَسُوا مَا ذُكِّرُوا بِهِ أَنجَيْنَا الَّذِينَ يَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ السُّوءِ وَأَخَذْنَا الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا بِعَذَابٍ بَئِيسٍ بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْسُقُونَ﴾ ﴿فَلَمَّا عَتَوْا عَن مَّا نُهُوا عَنْهُ قُلْنَا لَهُمْ كُونُوا قِرَدَةً خَاسِئِينَ﴾ ﴿وَإِذْ تَأَذَّنَ رَبُّكَ لَيَبْعَثَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ مَن يَسُومُهُمْ سُوءَ الْعَذَابِ ۗ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَسَرِيعُ الْعِقَابِ وَإِنَّهُ لَغَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ﴾ (الأعراف: 163-167)
Once more the Children of Israel are guilty of sinful disobedience. In this particular case, they do not openly contravene God’s law, but they try to find loopholes to evade what the law requires. They cannot remain steadfast in the face of the trial to which they are exposed, because steadfastness requires a nature that can control desires and ambitions: “Ask them about the town which stood by the sea: how its people profaned the Sabbath. Each Sabbath their fish appeared before them breaking the water’s surface, but they would not come near them on other than Sabbath days. Thus did We try them because of their disobedience. When some among them asked: ‘Why do you preach to people whom God is certain to destroy, or at least to punish severely?’ [others] replied: So that we may be free from blame in the sight of your Lord, and that they may become God-fearing.’ When they had forgotten all the warnings they had been given, We saved those who had tried to prevent evil, and overwhelmed the transgressors with dreadful suffering for their iniquitous deeds. And when they insolently persisted in doing what they had been forbidden to do, We said to them: ‘Turn into despicable apes.’ Then your Lord declared that He would most certainly raise against them people who would cruelly oppress them till the Day of Resurrection. Your Lord is swift indeed in His retribution, yet He is certainly much forgiving, merciful.” (Verses 163-167)
تحوّلٌ في الأسلوب هنا، إذ يُترك أسلوب سرد الأحداث التاريخية ليُواجَه أحفادُ بني إسرائيل الذين عارضوا النبي محمداً ﷺ في المدينة. وقد نزلت الآية التي تبدأ بهذه الآية حتى الآية 171 بالمدينة لتقديم الأجوبة لليهود الذين كانوا يسكنونها، غير أنها أُدرجت في هذه السورة المكية لاستكمال تاريخ بني إسرائيل مع نبيهم موسى عليه السلام.
There is a change of style here as the method of reporting historical events is dropped in preference for confronting the descendants of the Israelites who opposed the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in Madinah. The passage beginning with this verse up to verse 171 was revealed in Madinah to give answers to its Jewish population. However, it is incorporated in this Makkan sūrah to complete the history of the Israelites with their Prophet Moses.
الفضلُ الواسعُ والعقوبةُ السريعة
Abundant Grace, Swift Punishment
لہٰذا، وہ تمام صورتیں جو خدا سے ڈرنے والے دلوں کے اندرونی محرک پر انحصار نہیں کرتیں، ناکامی سے دوچار ہونے کے لیے ہی مقدر ہیں۔ اسی طرح وہ تمام انسانی ساختہ نظریات اور نظام بھی ناکامی کا شکار ہوں گے جو اللہ کے اختیار پر قائم نہیں ہوتے۔ لہٰذا، قانون کے نفاذ کو یقینی بنانے کے تمام انسانی نظام غیر مؤثر رہتے ہیں، کیونکہ کوئی پولیس فورس ہر وقت، تمام لوگوں پر نگاہ نہیں رکھ سکتی۔
Hence, all situations which do not rely on the inner motivation of God-fearing hearts are bound to fail. Also doomed to failure are all man-made theories and regimes which do not rely on God’s authority. Hence, all human systems to ensure the enforcement of the law remain ineffective, because no police force can watch over all people, all the time.
في هذه الحالة المذكورة في السورة، بدأ أهل تلك المدينة يبحثون عن الوسائل والحيل للتحايل على تحريم الصيد يوم السبت. وقد رُوي أنهم كانوا يضعون حواجز معينة يوم السبت حتى لا تعود الأسماك إلى البحر، ويبادرون يوم الأحد إلى أخذ صيدهم. وكانوا يزعمون أنهم لم يصيدوا يوم السبت، لأن الأسماك بقيت في الماء، خلف الحواجز. أما فريق ثانٍ فقد أدرك المكيدة في كل ذلك، فحذّر أولئك الذين اقترفوها من عقاب الله، وتبرأ من مكائدهم.
In this particular case mentioned in the sūrah, the inhabitants of that city began to seek ways and means to get around the prohibition of fishing on the Sabbath day. It has been reported that they put up certain barriers on the Sabbath day so that the fish could not return to the sea, and on the Sunday they would be quick to take their catch. They claimed that they did not do the fishing on the Sabbath, because the fish remained in the water, behind the barriers. A second group recognized the deviousness in all this, and warned those people who perpetrated it against God’s punishment, dissociating themselves from their schemes.
وقالت جماعة ثالثة للذين كانوا يعظون قومهم بالامتثال لأوامر الله: لماذا تعظون قومًا يهلكهم الله أو يعذبهم عذابًا شديدًا؟ إنهم يصرّون على ضلالهم، فما فائدة نصحكم لهم؟ قال تعالى: {وَإِذْ قَالَتْ أُمَّةٌ مِّنْهُمْ لِمَ تَعِظُونَ قَوْمًا ۙ اللَّهُ مُهْلِكُهُمْ أَوْ مُعَذِّبُهُمْ عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا ۗ} (الآية 164). فالوعظ والنصيحة لا يُجديان بعد أن حكموا على أنفسهم بالهلاك أو العذاب الشديد بمخالفتهم شرع الله. فأجابت الجماعة الثانية: {مَعْذِرَةً إِلَىٰ رَبِّكُمْ وَلَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَّقُونَ} أي لنكون معذورين عند ربكم، ولعلهم يتقون. فإن الأمر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر واجب علينا، والتحذير من الشر ومن مخالفة شرع الله. فإذا أدّينا واجبنا رجونا أن نكون بمنجاة من اللوم. ثم لعل نصيحتنا تصادف قلبًا حيًّا فتؤثر فيه، فيتوب بعض العصاة من المخالفين.
A third group said to the ones urging their community to comply with God’s orders: what use is your admonition to those erring people, when they persist in their erring ways? God is certain to destroy them or to inflict severe punishment on them: “When some among them asked: ‘Why do you preach to people whom God is certain to destroy, or at least to punish severely?’” (Verse 164) Warnings and admonition are no longer of use, after they have condemned themselves to destruction or severe punishment by violating God’s law. The second group replied: “So that we may be free from blame in the sight of your Lord, and that they may become God-fearing.” It is a duty on us to enjoin what is right and warn against what is evil and against violating God’s law. When we have done our duty, we hope to be free from blame. Besides, it may be that our admonition will touch a sensitive heart and cause at least some disobedient people to repent.
دافعٌ قويٌّ للمؤمنين
A Strong Motivation for Believers
يتناول الحديث القرآني الأحداث التاريخية التي جرت بعد موسى عليه السلام، ويشير إلى الأجيال المتعاقبة وصولاً إلى الجيل اليهودي الذي كان يعيش في المدينة المنورة في الوقت الذي أسّس فيه النبي محمد ﷺ أول جماعة مسلمة هناك.
The Qur’ānic account follows the historical events after Moses. It refers to succeeding generations up to the Jewish generation that lived in Madinah at the time when the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) established the first Muslim community there.
وَقَطَّعْنَاهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ أُمَمًا ۚ مِنْهُمُ الصَّالِحُونَ وَمِنْهُمْ دُونَ ذَٰلِكَ ۖ وَبَلَوْنَاهُمْ بِالْحَسَنَاتِ وَالسَّيِّئَاتِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ. فَخَلَفَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ خَلْفٌ وَرِثُوا الْكِتَابَ يَأْخُذُونَ عَرَضَ هَٰذَا الْأَدْنَىٰ وَيَقُولُونَ سَيُغْفَرُ لَنَا ۚ وَإِنْ يَأْتِهِمْ عَرَضٌ مِثْلُهُ يَأْخُذُوهُ ۚ أَلَمْ يُؤْخَذْ عَلَيْهِمْ مِيثَاقُ الْكِتَابِ أَنْ لَا يَقُولُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ إِلَّا الْحَقَّ وَدَرَسُوا مَا فِيهِ ۗ وَالدَّارُ الْآخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لِلَّذِينَ يَتَّقُونَ ۗ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ. وَالَّذِينَ يُمَسِّكُونَ بِالْكِتَابِ وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ إِنَّا لَا نُضِيعُ أَجْرَ الْمُصْلِحِينَ. وَإِذْ نَتَقْنَا الْجَبَلَ فَوْقَهُمْ كَأَنَّهُ ظُلَّةٌ وَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُ وَاقِعٌ بِهِمْ خُذُوا مَا آتَيْنَاكُمْ بِقُوَّةٍ وَاذْكُرُوا مَا فِيهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ.
We dispersed them all over the earth as separate communities; some of them were righteous, and some far from that, and We tried them with blessings and misfortunes, so that they might mend their ways. They were succeeded by generations who inherited the Book. Yet these are keen to enjoy the fleeting pleasures of this lower world and say, “We shall be forgiven.” Should some similar pleasures come their way, they would certainly be keen to indulge them. Have they not solemnly pledged through their Scriptures to say nothing but the truth about God? And have they not studied well what is in [the Scriptures]? Surely the life in the hereafter is better for all who are God-fearing. Will you not use your reason? As for those who hold fast to the Scriptures and attend regularly to their prayers, We shall not fail to reward those who enjoin the doing of what is right. We suspended the mountain over them as if it were a shadow, and they thought that it would fall down on them. [We said]: Hold fast with all your strength to what We have given you and bear in mind all that it contains, so that you may remain God-fearing. (Verses 168-171)
هذه الآيات، التي نزلت في المدينة وأُلحقت بهذه السورة المكية، تُعدّ تكملةً لتاريخ بني إسرائيل بعد وفاة النبي موسى عليه السلام. فقد تفرّق اليهود في أرجاء الأرض، وانقسموا إلى جماعات ذات تصورات مختلفة ومدارس وتيارات واتجاهات شتى. فكان منهم الصالحون حقًا، ومنهم غير ذلك. وقد ظل الله، في حكمته، يبتليهم بابتلاء بعد ابتلاء، فيختبرهم حينًا بالرخاء والنعمة، وحينًا بالشدة والمصيبة. وكان الغرض من هذه الابتلاءات كلها أن يبصروا الأمور على حقيقتها، وأن يختاروا طريق الصلاح: ﴿وَبَلَوْنَاهُم بِالْحَسَنَاتِ وَالسَّيِّئَاتِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ﴾ (الآية 168). ومن رحمة الله أن يبتلي عباده ابتلاءً بعد ابتلاء، لأن هذه الابتلاءات تكون لهم تذكرةً، حتى لا تحملهم الغفلة على الإعجاب بأنفسهم، فإن مثل هذا الإعجاب قد يقود الإنسان بسهولة إلى لوم النفس وتحقيرها.
الأجر الذي لا يضيع
Unfailing Reward
لِأَنَّ مَسَائِلَ الْآخِرَةِ وَخَشْيَةَ اللهِ مِنْ صُلْبِ الْإِيمَانِ وَالْحَيَاةِ، فَإِنَّ الْقُرْآنَ يَدْعُو الَّذِينَ يَحْرِصُونَ عَلَى الِانْغِمَاسِ فِي مَلَذَّاتِ هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا الزَّائِلَةِ إِلَى إِعْمَالِ عُقُولِهِمْ: ﴿قُلْ لَا يَسْتَوِي الْخَبِيثُ وَالطَّيِّبُ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ كَثْرَةُ الْخَبِيثِ فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ يَا أُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ﴾؟ لَا، بَلْ قَالَ: ﴿وَمَا الْحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا إِلَّا مَتَاعٌ وَإِنَّ الْآخِرَةَ هِيَ دَارُ الْقَرَارِ﴾ — وَالْأَصَحُّ أَنَّ الْآيَةَ الْمَقْصُودَةَ هِيَ: ﴿وَلَلدَّارُ الْآخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لِلَّذِينَ يَتَّقُونَ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ﴾ [سورة الأنعام: 32]. وَلَوْ كَانَ لِلْعَقْلِ الْكَلِمَةُ الْفَصْلُ، وَكَانَ الْحُكْمُ النِّهَائِيُّ لِلْعِلْمِ الصَّحِيحِ لَا لِلْجَهْلِ الْمُتَزَيِّي بِزِيِّ الْعِلْمِ، لَرُئِيَتِ الْآخِرَةُ أَفْضَلَ بِكَثِيرٍ مِنْ مَلَذَّاتِ هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا الزَّائِلَةِ، وَلَرُئِيَتْ خَشْيَةُ اللهِ تَقْوِيَةً لِلْإِيمَانِ وَتَحْقِيقًا لِلنَّجَاحِ فِي هَذِهِ الْحَيَاةِ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يُمَسِّكُونَ بِالْكِتَابِ وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ إِنَّا لَا نُضِيعُ أَجْرَ الْمُصْلِحِينَ﴾ [سورة الأعراف: 170].
Because the questions of the hereafter and fearing God are central to faith and life, the Qur’ān tells those who are keen to indulge in the fleeting pleasures of this world to use their minds: “Surely the lift in the hereafter is better for all who are God-fearing. Will you not use your reason?” (Verse 169) Had reason had the final say, and had the final verdict been that of true knowledge, rather than ignorance given the guise of knowledge, the hereafter would have been seen as far superior to the fleeting pleasures of this lower world. Fearing God would have been seen as strengthening faith and achieving success in this life: “As for those who hold fast to the Scriptures and attend regularly to their prayers, We shall not fail to reward those who enjoin the doing of what is right.” (Verse 170)
يُفهم من هذا الكلام نقدٌ واضح لأولئك الذين أُعطوا العهد بالكتب السماوية ودرسوها دراسةً متعمقة، وذلك لأنهم لا يتمسكون بالكتب التي درسوها، ولا يعملون بتعاليمها، ولا يرجعون إليها في تكوين مفاهيمهم وتحديد سلوكهم. ومع ذلك، تبقى هذه الآية عامةً في مدلولها، تخاطب جميع الأجيال وجميع الأحوال.
Clear criticism of those who have given their pledges through the Scriptures and who have studied them thoroughly is implied. That is because they do not hold fast to the Scriptures they studied, and do not implement their teachings, or refer to them in formulating their concepts and deciding their behaviour. However, this verse remains general in its import, addressing all generations and all situations.
فعبارة «التمسّك بالكتاب» نفسها تُعطي صورةً حيّةً نكاد نراها ونحسّها، وهي صورة الإمساك بالكتاب بقوةٍ وجدّيّة.
The very expression, “hold fast to the Scriptures”, gives a vivid image that we can almost see and feel. It is the image of holding the book with strength and seriousness.