يٰسٓ (أپيل إلى العقل) ١-٢٩
Ya Sin ( Appeal To Reason ) 1-29
يس. (1)
Yā Sīn. (1)
بِالْقُرْآنِ الْحَكِيمِ
By the Qur’ān, full of wisdom, (2)
إِنَّكَ لَرَسُولُ اللهِ حَقًّا، (3)
you are indeed one of God’s messengers, (3)
على صراط مستقيم۔ (٤)
pursuing a straight way. (4)
تَنْزِيلٌ مِنَ الْعَزِيزِ الرَّحِيمِ (٥)
It is a revelation by the Almighty, the Ever Merciful, (5)
لِتُنذِرَ قَوْمًا مَّآ أُنذِرَ آبَاؤُهُمْ فَهُمْ غَافِلُونَ (6)
so that you may warn people whose forefathers had not been warned, and who therefore are unaware [of the truth]. (6)
لَقَدْ حَقَّ الْقَوْلُ عَلَىٰ أَكْثَرِهِمْ فَهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ (7)
The verdict has been passed against most of them, for they will not believe. (7)
إِنَّا جَعَلْنَا فِي أَعْنَاقِهِمْ أَغْلَالًا فَهِيَ إِلَى الْأَذْقَانِ فَهُم مُّقْمَحُونَ
Around their necks We have put chains, reaching up to their chins, so that their heads are forced up. (8)
وَجَعَلْنَا مِن بَيْنِ أَيْدِيهِمْ سَدًّا وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ سَدًّا فَأَغْشَيْنَاهُمْ فَهُمْ لَا يُبْصِرُونَ
And We have set a barrier before them and a barrier behind them, and We enshrouded them in veils so that they cannot see. (9)
سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْهِمْ أَأَنْذَرْتَهُمْ أَمْ لَمْ تُنْذِرْهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ
It is all the same to them whether you warn them or you do not warn them: they will not believe.
(10)
(10)
إِنَّمَا تُنْذِرُ مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الذِّكْرَ وَخَشِيَ الرَّحْمَنَ بِالْغَيْبِ ۖ فَبَشِّرْهُ بِمَغْفِرَةٍ وَأَجْرٍ كَرِيمٍ ﴿١١﴾
You can truly warn only such a one as follows this reminder and who stands in awe of the Lord of Grace although He is beyond the reach of human perception. To such, then, give the happy news of God’s forthcoming forgiveness and a generous reward. (11)
إِنَّا نَحْنُ نُحْيِي الْمَوْتَىٰ وَنَكْتُبُ مَا قَدَّمُوا وَآثَارَهُمْ ۚ وَكُلَّ شَيْءٍ أَحْصَيْنَاهُ فِي إِمَامٍ مُّبِينٍ (١٢)
It is We who will bring the dead back to life. We record whatever [deeds] they send ahead, as well as the traces they leave behind. We keep an account of all things in a clear record. (12)
واضرب لهم مثلاً أصحاب القرية إذ جاءها المرسلون
Cite for them, as a case in point, the people of a township to which messengers came. (13)
أَرْسَلْنَا إِلَيْهِمُ اثْنَيْنِ فَكَذَّبُوهُمَا فَعَزَّزْنَا بِثَالِثٍ فَقَالُوا إِنَّا إِلَيْكُمْ مُرْسَلُونَ (١٤)
We sent them two messengers, but they rejected them; so We reinforced them with a third, and they said: ‘We are messengers who have been sent to you.’ (14)
قَالُوا مَا أَنْتُمْ إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُنَا وَمَا أَنْزَلَ الرَّحْمَٰنُ مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِنْ أَنْتُمْ إِلَّا تَكْذِبُونَ (15)
They replied: ‘You are nothing but mortals like ourselves. Moreover, the Lord of Grace has never revealed anything; you do nothing but lie.’ (15)
{قَالُوا رَبُّنَا يَعْلَمُ إِنَّا إِلَيْكُمْ لَمُرْسَلُونَ} (١٦)
They said: ‘Our Lord knows that we have indeed been sent to you. (16)
علينا فقط أن نبلّغ الرسالة [التي أُمرنا بها] بوضوح. (17)
Our only duty is to clearly deliver the message [entrusted to us]. (17)
قَالُوا إِنَّا تَطَيَّرْنَا بِكُمْ
Said [the others]: ‘We augur evil from you.
﴿لَئِن لَّمْ تَنتَهِ لَنَرْجُمَنَّكَ وَلَيَمَسَّنَّكَ مِنَّا عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ﴾ (١٨)
Unless you desist, we will surely stone you and inflict on you a painful suffering.’ (18)
قَالُوا طَائِرُكُم مَّعَكُمْ ۚ أَئِن ذُكِّرْتُم ۚ بَلْ أَنتُمْ قَوْمٌ مُّسْرِفُونَ Note: the verse text in braces should be rendered as a Qur'an quotation; here is the translation as requested: قال الرسل: «الشر الذي تتوقعونه كامن فيكم أنفسكم. أتتشاءمون حين تُذكَّرون بالحق؟ إنكم قوم مسرفون متجاوزون الحد». (19)
The messengers] replied: ‘The evil you forebode is within yourselves. [Why do you take this as an evil omen] when you are only being reminded of the truth? Truly, you are going too far.’ (19)
وَجَاءَ مِنْ أَقْصَى الْمَدِينَةِ رَجُلٌ يَسْعَىٰ قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اتَّبِعُوا الْمُرْسَلِينَ (20)
Then a man came from the farthest end of the city at speed. He said: ‘My people! Follow these messengers. (20)
اتَّبِعُوا مَن لَّا يَسْأَلُكُمْ أَجْرًا وَهُم مُّهْتَدُونَ (21)
Follow those who ask you for no reward, and are themselves rightly guided. (21)
لِمَا لَا أَعْبُدُ الَّذِي فَطَرَنِي وَإِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ
Why should I not worship the One who has brought me into being? It is to Him that you will all return. (22)
أَأَتَّخِذُ مِن دُونِهِ آلِهَةً إِن يُرِدْنِ الرَّحْمَٰنُ بِضُرٍّ لَّا تُغْنِ عَنِّي شَفَاعَتُهُمْ شَيْئًا وَلَا يُنقِذُونِ (23)
Should I worship other deities beside Him? If the Lord of Grace should will that harm befall me, their intercession will avail me nothing, nor will they save me. (23)
إِنِّي إِذًا لَّفِي ضَلَالٍ مُّبِينٍ ﴿٢٤﴾ إِنِّي آمَنتُ بِرَبِّكُمْ فَاسْمَعُونِ ﴿٢٥﴾
Indeed, I should clearly be in error. (24) I do believe in the Lord of you all; so listen to me.’ (25)
قِيلَ ادْخُلِ الْجَنَّةَ ۖ قَالَ يَا لَيْتَ قَوْمِي يَعْلَمُونَ
He was told: ‘Enter paradise.’ He said: ‘Would that my people knew (26)
وَجَعَلَنِي مِنَ الْمُكْرَمِينَ (٢٧)
how my Lord has forgiven me my sins, and has placed me among the highly honoured!’ (27)
وَمَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَىٰ قَوْمِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ مِنْ جُنْدٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ وَمَا كُنَّا مُنْزِلِينَ
After that, We did not send an army from heaven against his people; nor do We send any.
(28)
(28)
لَمْ يَكُنْ إِلَّا صَيْحَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَإِذَا هُمْ خَامِدُونَ (٢٩)
Nothing was needed but one single blast, and they fell down lifeless. (29)
كتاب مليء بالحكمة
A Book Full Of Wisdom
يٰسٓ ۚ وَالْقُرْآنِ الْحَكِيمِ (الآيتان ١-٢) يُقسِم الله بهذين الحرفين وبالقرآن. وهذا الجمع يؤيّد الرأي الذي ذكرناه في موضع آخر حول ذكر الحروف المقطّعة في أوائل كثير من السور، وعلاقة ذكر هذه الحروف بالقرآن. والدليل على أن الله هو مصدر القرآن واضح من هذه الحروف التي يملكها جميع العرب ويستطيعون استعمالها، ومع ذلك يعجزون عن أن يأتوا بشيء يشبه المعاني وأساليب التعبير الواردة في القرآن بها. ومع هذا فنادراً ما يتأملون في هذا التأييد.
“Yd Sin. By the Qur’ān, All of wisdom.” (Verses 1-2) God says an oath by these two letters and by the Qur’ān. This combination endorses the view we have expressed elsewhere about the mention of separate letters at the beginning of many sūrahs, and the relation between mentioning these letters and the Qur’ān. The proof that God is the source of the Qur’ān is obvious from these letters which are available to all Arabs to use yet they are incapable of producing with them anything like the thoughts and modes of expression contained in the Qur’ān. Yet seldom do they consider such confirmation.
وَأَقْسَمَ اللهُ تَعَالَىٰ بِالْقُرْآنِ، وَوَصَفَهُ بِأَنَّهُ حَكِيمٌ مُمْتَلِئٌ بِالْحِكْمَةِ.
As He swears by the Qur’ān, God Almighty describes it as being full of wisdom.
في الحقيقة، فإن الترجمة الحرفية ينبغي أن تكون: «وَالْقُرْآنِ الْحَكِيمِ». والحكمة صفة من صفات الكائنات العاقلة، وهذا يوحي بأن القسم جاء بهذه الصيغة ليُضفي على القرآن صفات الحياة، من كونه ذا غاية وإرادة، وهي صفات لا غنى عنها للكائن الحكيم.
In fact, a literal translation should be ‘By the wise Qur’ān.’ Wisdom is a quality of rational beings, which suggests that the oath is phrased in this way to impart to the Qur’ān the qualities of life, having a purpose and a will, which are essential for a wise being.
وإن كان هذا على سبيل المجاز، إلا أنه يصف حقيقة، ويقرّبها إلى أذهاننا وبصائرنا. فإن لهذا القرآن روحًا خاصة به، تمنحه صفات شبيهة بصفات الإنسان الحيّ الذي تتبادل معه الاستجابات والمشاعر. ويحدث ذلك حين تُقبل بكامل انتباهك عليه، وتستمع إليه بقلبك وروحك. فكلما فتحت له قواك وحواسّك، كشف لك القرآن المزيد من أسراره. وحين تعيش مدة في صحبة القرآن، ستشتاق إلى سماته المميزة، كما تشتاق إلى سمات صديق قريب. وكان رسول الله ﷺ يحب أن يستمع إلى القرآن يتلوه غيره، بل كان يقف عند أبواب الناس إذا سمع أحدهم يقرأ القرآن في داخل بيته، كما يُصغي المحبّ إلى حديث عمّن يحب.
Although this is allegorical, nonetheless it describes a fact, bringing it closer to our minds’ eye. This Qur’ān has a soul of its own, giving it qualities similar to those of a living person with whom you have mutual responses and feelings. This takes place when you pay full attention to it and listen to it with your heart and soul. Whenever you open your faculties up to it, the Qur’ān reveals to you more of its secrets. When you have lived for a while in the company of the Qur’ān, you will long for its distinctive features, just as you long for the features of a close friend. God’s Messenger used to love to listen to the Qur’ān being recited by other people. He would even stop by people’s doors if he overheard someone inside reciting the Qur’ān, just like a lover listens to a conversation about the one he loves.
قضيةٌ تاريخية
A Historical Case
بعد أن عرضت السورة قضيتي الوحي والبعث في صورة بيان واقعي، تعرضهما الآن مرة أخرى في صورة قصصية، لتصل إلى القلوب بحكاية عن مصير من يصرّون على إنكار الحق.
Having presented the issues of revelation and resurrection in the form of a factual statement, the sūrah now presents them again in narrative form so as to touch hearts with a story about the fate of those who persist in denying the truth:
على سبيل المثال، استشهِد لهم بقصة أهل القرية التي جاءها المرسَلون.
Cite for them, as a case in point, the people of a township to which messengers came.
أَرْسَلْنَا إِلَيْهِمُ اثْنَيْنِ فَكَذَّبُوهُمَا فَعَزَّزْنَا بِثَالِثٍ فَقَالُوا إِنَّا إِلَيْكُمْ مُرْسَلُونَ قَالُوا
We sent them two messengers, but they rejected them; so We reinforced them with a third, and they said: ‘We are messengers who have been sent to you.’ They replied:
قَالُوا مَآ أَنتُمْ إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِّثْلُنَا وَمَآ أَنزَلَ الرَّحْمَٰنُ مِن شَيْءٍ إِنْ أَنتُمْ إِلَّا تَكْذِبُونَ قَالُوا رَبُّنَا يَعْلَمُ إِنَّآ إِلَيْكُمْ لَمُرْسَلُونَ وَمَا عَلَيْنَآ إِلَّا ٱلْبَلَٰغُ ٱلْمُبِينُ قَالُوٓا إِنَّا تَطَيَّرْنَا بِكُمْ ۖ لَئِن لَّمْ تَنتَهُوا لَنَرْجُمَنَّكُمْ وَلَيَمَسَّنَّكُم مِّنَّا عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ قَالُوا طَٰئِرُكُم مَّعَكُمْ ۚ أَئِن ذُكِّرْتُم ۚ بَلْ أَنتُمْ قَوْمٌ مُّسْرِفُونَ
You are nothing but mortals like ourselves. Moreover, the Lord of Grace has never revealed anything; you do nothing but lie.’ They said: ‘Our Lord knows that we have indeed been sent to you. Our only duty is to clearly deliver the message [entrusted to us]. Said [the others]: ‘We augur evil from you. Unless you desist, we will surely stone you and inflict on you a painful suffering.’ [The messengers] replied: ‘The evil you forebode is within yourselves. [Why do you take this as an evil omen] when you are only being reminded of the truth? Truly, you are going too far’ (Verses 13-19)
لا يذكر القرآن الكريم اسم تلك القرية ولا من كان أهلها.
The Qur’ān does not mention which township this was or who were its people.
تختلف الروايات في تحديد البلدة أو المدينة، غير أنه لا فائدة حقيقية من محاولة تعيين هويتها. وإن كان القرآن لا يُعيّنها ولا يذكر موقعها، فإن ذلك لا ينقص من عِظَة القصة شيئاً. فهي مدينةٌ أرسل الله إليها رسولين، كما أرسل موسى وأخاه هارون إلى فرعون وملئه. فكذّب أهل المدينة رسالتهما واتهموهما بالكذب. فأيّد الله رسوليه برسولٍ ثالث، ليؤكد أنهما رسولان حقاً من عنده. ثم قدّم الثلاثة رسالتهم مرة أخرى، فقالوا لأهل المدينة: «إِنَّا إِلَيْكُمْ مُرْسَلُونَ». (الآية 14)
Different reports suggest different towns and cities, but there is no real benefit in trying to establish its identity. The fact that the Qur’ān neither identifies it nor mentions its location does not detract from the import of the story. It is a city to which God sent two messengers, just as He sent Moses and his brother Aaron to Pharaoh and his nobles. The people of the city rejected their message, accusing them of lying. God supported His two messengers with a third, confirming that they were truly His messengers. All three of them again presented their message, saying to the people: “We are messengers who have been sent to you.” (Verse 14)
أهلاً وسهلاً بكم في الدعم
Welcome Support
كانت تلك هي استجابة القلوب التي لم تنفتح لرسالة الله. وهم الذين ذُكروا في مستهل السورة. أما الصنف الآخر، الذين يتّبعون الذكرى ويخشون الله مع عجزهم عن رؤيته، ففي هذا الموضع أيضًا قدوةٌ سلوكيةٌ يُقتدى بها.
Such was the response of hearts that would not open to God’s message. It is such people that were mentioned at the outset of the sūrah. The other type, who follow the reminder and fear God despite their inability to see Him, also have here a behavioural example to emulate:
ثُمَّ جَاءَ مِنْ أَقْصَى الْمَدِينَةِ رَجُلٌ يَسْعَىٰ، قَالَ: يَا قَوْمِ اتَّبِعُوا الْمُرْسَلِينَ. اتَّبِعُوا مَن لَّا يَسْأَلُكُمْ أَجْرًا وَهُم مُّهْتَدُونَ. وَمَا لِيَ لَا أَعْبُدُ الَّذِي فَطَرَنِي وَإِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ. أَأَتَّخِذُ مِن دُونِهِ آلِهَةً إِن يُرِدْنِ الرَّحْمَٰنُ بِضُرٍّ لَّا تُغْنِ عَنِّي شَفَاعَتُهُمْ شَيْئًا وَلَا يُنقِذُونِ. إِنِّي إِذًا لَّفِي ضَلَالٍ مُّبِينٍ. إِنِّي آمَنتُ بِرَبِّكُمْ فَاسْمَعُونِ.
Then a man came from the farthest end of the city at speed. He said: My people! Follow these messengers. Follow those who ask you for no reward, and are themselves rightly guided. Why should I not worship the One who has brought me into being? It is to Him that you will all return. Should I worship other deities beside Him? If the Lord of Grace should will that harm befall me, their intercession will avail me nothing, nor will they save me. Indeed, I should clearly be in error: I do believe in the Lord of you all; so listen to me.’ (Verses 20-25)
هذه هي استجابة الفطرة السليمة لرسالة الحق الواضحة، وهي استجابة تعكس الإخلاص والبساطة والدفء والفهم الصحيح. إنها تُظهر لنا رجلاً يستجيب بإيجابية للرسالة، بعد أن أدرك عناصر الحق والمنطق السليم فيها. وهو يُبيّن هذه العناصر لقومه وهو يخاطبهم. فلما أحسّ بحقيقة الإيمان في قلبه، لم يستطع أن يسكت أو أن يقعد في بيته غير مبالٍ، بينما يُرَدّ الحق ويُنصر الباطل من حوله. بل دعا إلى الحق بين قومه، بين أولئك الذين كانوا يتوعدون الرسل بالعقوبة الشديدة. وقطع المسافة من أقصى المدينة ليؤدي واجبه، فيدعو قومه إلى اتباع الحق، وإلى الكف عن معارضته وعدوانهم على رسل الله.
This is the response of sound human nature to the straightforward message of the truth: it reflects sincerity, simplicity, warmth and correct understanding. It shows us a man giving a positive response to the message, once he has recognized the elements of truth and sound logic in it. He points out these elements to his people as he addresses them. When he felt the truth of faith in his heart, he could not stay quiet or sit at home caring nothing while the truth was being rebuffed and falsehood upheld all around him. Instead he actively advocated the truth among his people, among those who were threatening the messengers with severe punishment. He travelled from the furthest end of the city to fulfil his duty, to call on his people to espouse the truth and to stop their opposition to it and aggression against God’s messengers.
قتل الإنسان البريء
Killing An Innocent Man
يُوحي سياقُ القصة بأنّ الكافرين قتلوا الرجل، إلّا أنّ السورة لا تذكر ذلك بوضوح، بل تُسدِل الستارَ على هذه المدينة وأهلِها وشواغلِهم. وحين يُرفع الستارُ من جديد نرى الشهيدَ الذي جهر بالحق صريحًا قويًّا، يواجه أصحابَ السلطان.
The drift of the story suggests that the unbelievers then killed the man. The sūrah, however, does not mention this clearly. Instead, it lets the curtain drop to cover this city, its people and their preoccupations. When the curtain rises again we see the martyr who spoke out clearly and loudly for the truth, confronting those in power.
ونراه في الآخرة ونرى الكرامة التي منحه إياها الله، كما يليق بالمؤمن الشجاع الذي لا يتردد في نصرة الحق: ﴿قِيلَ ادْخُلِ الْجَنَّةَ﴾
We see him in the next world and see the honour granted him by God, as fits a brave believer who does not hesitate to stand up for the truth: “He was told: Enter paradise.
قَالَ يَا لَيْتَ قَوْمِي يَعْلَمُونَ * بِمَا غَفَرَ لِي رَبِّي وَجَعَلَنِي مِنَ الْمُكْرَمِينَ
He said: Would that my people knew how my Lord has forgiven me my sins, and has placed me among the highly honoured!” (Verses 26-27)
وهكذا فإن هذه الحياة الدنيا متصلة بالحياة الآخرة: فالموت ليس إلا انتقالاً من هذه الدنيا الفانية إلى الدار الباقية. وهو مجرّد خطوة ينقل المؤمن من ضيق الأرض إلى سعة السماوات، ومن جور الباطل إلى أمن الحق، ومن ظلمة الجهل إلى نور اليقين. فإذا رأى الإنسان ما أعدّه الله له في الجنة، تذكّر قومه بمحبة ورحمة، وتمنّى لو أنهم يرون ما أكرمه الله به من سعادة وشرف، فيعرفوا الحق ويقبلوه.
Thus this present life is connected to the life to come: death is merely a transfer from this transitory world to the one that is everlasting. It is but a step that takes a believer from the narrowness of the earth to the expanse of heavens, from the tyranny of falsehood to the security of the truth, and from the darkness of ignorance to the light of certainty. When the man sees what God has in store for him in heaven, he good- naturedly remembers his people, wishing that they could see the happiness and honour God has granted him so that they would know and accept the truth.
وهذا جزاء الإيمان. أما الظلم فإنه أضعف من أن يستدعي أن يرسل الله ملائكة لإهلاكه: ﴿وَمَا أَنزَلْنَا عَلَىٰ قَوْمِهِ مِن بَعْدِهِ مِن جُندٍ مِّنَ السَّمَاءِ وَمَا كُنَّا مُنزِلِينَ * إِن كَانَتْ إِلَّا صَيْحَةً وَاحِدَةً فَإِذَا هُمْ خَامِدُونَ﴾ (يس: ٢٨-٢٩). ولم تتحدث السورة بالتفصيل عن كيفية إهلاك هؤلاء القوم، لأنهم أحقر من أن يُذكروا بمثل هذا. لم يحتاجوا إلا إلى صيحة واحدة، فلم يبقَ منهم أثر للحياة.
Such is the reward of faith. As for tyranny, it is too weak to require that God should send angels to destroy it: “After that, We did not send an army from heaven against his people; nor do We send any. Nothing was needed but one single blast, and they fell down lifeless.” (Verses 2829) The sūrah does not speak in detail about how these people were destroyed. They are too insignificant to deserve such mention. They needed no more than one blast and no further trace of life was to be seen from them.