الكهف: الكهف (درس خاص لموسى) ٦٠-٨٢
Al-Kahf The Cave (A Special Lesson for Moses) 60-82
قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِفَتَاهُ: لَا أَبْرَحُ حَتَّىٰ أَبْلُغَ مَجْمَعَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ أَوْ أَمْضِيَ حُقُبًا (60)
Moses said to his servant: ‘I shall journey on until I reach the point where the two seas meet, though I may march for ages.’ (60)
فَلَمَّا بَلَغَا مَجْمَعَ بَيْنِهِمَا نَسِيَا حُوتَهُمَا فَاتَّخَذَ سَبِيلَهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ سَرَبًا ﴿٦١﴾
But when they reached the junction between the two seas, they forgot their fish, and it took its way into the sea and disappeared from sight. (61)
فَلَمَّا جَاوَزَا قَالَ لِفَتَاهُ آتِنَا غَدَاءَنَا لَقَدْ لَقِينَا مِنْ سَفَرِنَا هَٰذَا نَصَبًا
And after they had marched on for some distance, Moses said to his servant: ‘Bring us our midday meal; we are indeed worn out by this our journey.’ (62)
قَالَ أَرَأَيْتَ إِذْ أَوَيْنَا إِلَى الصَّخْرَةِ فَإِنِّي نَسِيتُ الْحُوتَ وَمَا أَنْسَانِيهُ إِلَّا الشَّيْطَانُ أَنْ أَذْكُرَهُ ۚ وَاتَّخَذَ سَبِيلَهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ عَجَبًا
Said [the servant]: ‘Do you recall when we betook ourselves to that rock for rest. There I forgot the fish — and none but Satan made me thus forget it! — and it took its way into the sea.
"عَجِيبٌ!" (63)
How strange!’ (63)
قَالَ ذَٰلِكَ مَا كُنَّا نَبْغِ ۚ فَارْتَدَّا عَلَىٰ آثَارِهِمَا قَصَصًا
[Moses] said: ‘That is [the place] we are seeking!’ So they turned back, retracing their footsteps, (64)
فَوَجَدَا عَبْدًا مِّنْ عِبَادِنَا آتَيْنَاهُ رَحْمَةً مِّنْ عِندِنَا وَعَلَّمْنَاهُ مِن لَّدُنَّا عِلْمًا ﴿٦٥﴾
and found one of Our servants, on whom We had bestowed Our mercy and whom We had endowed with knowledge of Our own. (65)
قَالَ لَهُ مُوسَىٰ: «هَلْ أَتَّبِعُكَ عَلَىٰ أَن تُعَلِّمَنِ مِمَّا عُلِّمْتَ رُشْدًا؟» (66)
Moses said to him: ‘May I follow you, on the understanding that you will teach me something of the wisdom you have been taught?’ (66)
قَالَ إِنَّكَ لَن تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِيَ صَبْرًا
The other answered: ‘You will not be able to have patience with me, (67)
«وَكَيْفَ تَصْبِرُ عَلَىٰ مَا لَمْ تُحِطْ بِهِ خُبْرًا؟» (٦٨)
for how can you be patient with something which you cannot fully comprehend?’ (68)
قَالَ سَتَجِدُنِي إِن شَاءَ اللَّهُ صَابِرًا وَلَا أَعْصِي لَكَ أَمْرًا (69)
Moses replied: ‘You will find me patient, if God so wills; and I shall not disobey you in anything.’ (69)
قَالَ: «فَإِنِ اتَّبَعْتَنِي فَلَا تَسْأَلْنِي عَنْ شَيْءٍ حَتَّى أُحْدِثَ لَكَ مِنْهُ ذِكْرًا». (70)
The other said: ‘Well, then, if you are to follow me, do not question me about anything until I mention it to you myself.’ (70)
فَانْطَلَقَا حَتَّىٰ إِذَا رَكِبَا فِي السَّفِينَةِ خَرَقَهَا
And so the two went on their way, and when they embarked, [the sage] made a hole in the boat.
قَالَ أَخَرَقْتَهَا لِتُغْرِقَ أَهْلَهَا لَقَدْ جِئْتَ شَيْئًا إِمْرًا (٧١)
Moses exclaimed: ‘Have you made a hole in it in order to drown the people in it? Strange indeed is that which you have done!’ (71)
قَالَ أَلَمْ أَقُلْ إِنَّكَ لَن تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِيَ صَبْرًا (72)
He replied: ‘Did I not say that you would not he able to have patience with me?’ (72)
قَالَ لَا تُؤَاخِذْنِي بِمَا نَسِيتُ وَلَا تُرْهِقْنِي مِنْ أَمْرِي عُسْرًا (73)
Moses said: ‘Do not take me to task for my having forgotten, and be not hard on me on account of what I have done.’ (73)
فَانْطَلَقَا حَتَّىٰ إِذَا لَقِيَا غُلَامًا فَقَتَلَهُ قَالَ أَقَتَلْتَ نَفْسًا زَكِيَّةً بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ ۚ
And so the two went on until they met a certain young man. [The sage] slew him, whereupon Moses exclaimed: ‘Have you killed an innocent man with no cause of just retribution for murder?
﴿فَبِئْسَ مَا أَنْتُمْ فَاعِلُونَ﴾ (٧٤)
Foul indeed is that which you have perpetrated!’ (74)
قَالَ أَلَمْ أَقُلْ لَكَ إِنَّكَ لَن تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِيَ صَبْرًا (٧٥)
He replied: ‘Did I not make it clear to you that you would not be able to have patience with me?’ (75)
قَالَ إِن سَأَلْتُكَ عَن شَيْءٍ بَعْدَهَا فَلَا تُصَاحِبْنِي ۖ قَدْ بَلَغْتَ مِن لَّدُنِّي عُذْرًا (76)
Moses said: ‘If ever I question you again, do not keep me in your company; for then you would have had enough excuses from me.’ (76)
فَانطَلَقَا حَتَّىٰ إِذَا أَتَيَا أَهْلَ قَرْيَةٍ اسْتَطْعَمَا أَهْلَهَا فَأَبَوْا أَن يُضَيِّفُوهُمَا فَوَجَدَا فِيهَا جِدَارًا يُرِيدُ أَن يَنقَضَّ فَأَقَامَهُ ۖ قَالَ لَوْ شِئْتَ لَاتَّخَذْتَ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرًا
And so the two went on until they came to a town, where they asked its people for food, but they refused them all hospitality. There they found a wall on the point of falling down, and [the sage] rebuilt it. Moses said: ‘Had you wished, you could have taken payment for what you did.’ (77)
قَالَ هٰذَا فِرَاقُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنِكَ، سَأُنَبِّئُكَ بِتَأْوِيلِ مَا لَمْ تَسْتَطِعْ عَلَيْهِ صَبْرًا. (٧٨)
[The sage] replied: ‘This is the parting of ways between me and you. Now I shall explain to you the real meaning of all [those events] which you were unable to bear with patience. (78)
أَمَّا السَّفِينَةُ فَكَانَتْ لِمَسَاكِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ فِي الْبَحْرِ فَأَرَدتُّ أَنْ أَعِيبَهَا وَكَانَ وَرَاءَهُم مَّلِكٌ يَأْخُذُ كُلَّ سَفِينَةٍ غَصْبًا
As for the boat, it belonged to some needy people who toiled upon the sea — and I desired to slightly damage it because behind them there was a king who was taking every boat by force. (79)
وَأَمَّا الْغُلَامُ فَكَانَ أَبَوَاهُ مُؤْمِنَيْنِ فَخَشِينَا أَنْ يُرْهِقَهُمَا طُغْيَانًا وَكُفْرًا ﴿٨٠﴾
And as for the young man, his parents are true believers, and we feared lest he should cause them much grief by his overweening wickedness and unbelief. (80)
وَأَرَدْنَا أَن يُبْدِلَهُمَا رَبُّهُمَا خَيْرًا مِّنْهُ زَكَاةً وَأَقْرَبَ رُحْمًا ﴿٨١﴾
And so we desired that their Lord grant them in his stead [a son] of greater purity than him, and closer in loving tenderness. (81)
وَأَمَّا الْجِدَارُ فَكَانَ لِغُلَامَيْنِ يَتِيمَيْنِ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ وَكَانَ تَحْتَهُ كَنْزٌ لَهُمَا وَكَانَ أَبُوهُمَا صَالِحًا فَأَرَادَ رَبُّكَ أَنْ يَبْلُغَا أَشُدَّهُمَا وَيَسْتَخْرِجَا كَنْزَهُمَا رَحْمَةً مِنْ رَبِّكَ ۚ وَمَا فَعَلْتُهُ عَنْ أَمْرِي ۚ ذَٰلِكَ تَأْوِيلُ مَا لَمْ تَسْتَطِعْ عَلَيْهِ صَبْرًا (82)
And as for the wall, it belonged to two orphan boys living in the town, and beneath it was buried a treasure belonging to them. Their father had been a righteous man. So your Lord has willed it that when they come of age they should dig up their treasure by your Lord’s grace. I did not do any of this of my own accord. This is the real meaning of all [those events] which you were unable to bear with patience.’ (82)
نظرة عامة
Overview
هذا الجزء من السورة يبدأ بذكر واقعة من حياة النبي موسى عليه السلام لم تُذكر ولا أُشير إليها في أي موضع آخر من القرآن الكريم. ولم تُبيّن السورة مكان وقوع هذه الواقعة سوى قولها: «مَجْمَعَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ»، كما لم تحدد الفترة من حياة موسى عليه السلام التي وقعت فيها الأحداث.
This part of the sūrah begins by relating an episode in the life of the Prophet Moses which is not told or hinted at anywhere else in the Qur’ān. The sūrah does not give details of where this episode took place other than saying, ‘the place where the two seas meet.’ Nor does it define the period in Moses lifetime when the events took place.
لذلك، لا نعرف ما إذا كانت الأحداث المذكورة قد وقعت حين كان موسى لا يزال في مصر، قبل أن يقود بني إسرائيل في طريقهم إلى فلسطين، أم بعد مغادرتهم لها. فإن كان الأمر بعد ذلك، فهل كان قبل أن يقودهم إلى الأرض المقدسة، أم حين توقفوا ورفضوا الدخول لأنهم لم يرغبوا في مواجهة سكانها الأقوياء؟ وهل كان ذلك بعد أن بدأوا أربعين سنة من التيه في الأرض، يذهبون ويجيئون في ضياع تام؟
Thus, we do not know whether the events related took place when Moses was still in Egypt, before he led the Israelites on their way to Palestine, or after they had left it. If the latter, was it before he led them into the Holy Land, or when they stopped, refusing to enter because they did not wish to confront its powerful inhabitants? Was it after they had begun their forty years of wandering in the land, going to and fro, in total loss?
القصة تتعلق بعبدٍ صالحٍ من عباد الله يلتقي به موسى ويصاحبه مدةً من الزمن. لكنّ السورة لا تذكر لنا تفاصيل عن هوية هذا الرجل، فلا تذكر اسمه ولا منزلته. فهل كان نبيًّا، أم رسولًا، أم عالمًا، أم شخصًا اختصّه الله بالفضل لقوّة إيمانه وتفانيه الكامل في خدمة دينه؟
The event involves a goodly servant of God’s whom Moses meets and accompanies for a period of time. But the sūrah does not give us any details of the identity of this person. It does not mention his name or status. Was he a prophet, a messenger, a scholar, or a person favoured by God for his strong faith and complete dedication to the service of His cause?
وقد وردت روايات كثيرة منسوبة إلى ابن عباس وغيره في تفاصيل هذه القصة. ومن ذلك ما رواه البخاري عن سعيد بن جبير، وهو من علماء التابعين، أنه قال: "قلت لعبد الله بن عباس: إن نوفاً البكالي يزعم أن الذي صحب الخضر [وهو الاسم الذي يُطلق غالباً على العالم في هذه القصة] ليس موسى، نبي بني إسرائيل، وإنما هو موسى آخر. فقال ابن عباس: كذب عدو الله. حدثنا أُبيّ بن كعب أنه سمع رسول الله ﷺ يقول:
There are many reports attributed to Ibn `Abbās and others concerning the details of this story. One of them is related by al-Bukhārī who quotes Sa`īd ibn Jubayr, a scholar from the generation that followed the Prophet’s Companions as saying: “I said to `Abdullāh ibn `Abbās that Nawf al-Bakkālī claims that the person who accompanied al-Khađir [that is the name often given to the learned man in this story] was not Moses, God’s Messenger to the Children of Israel. He claims that he was a different person also named Moses. Ibn `Abbās replied: ‘That is a lie told by this enemy of God. Ubayy ibn Ka`b said to us that he heard God’s Messenger saying:
مَجْمَعُ الْبَحْرَيْنِ
Where The Two Seas Meet
{قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِفَتَاهُ لَا أَبْرَحُ حَتَّىٰ أَبْلُغَ مَجْمَعَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ أَوْ أَمْضِيَ حُقُبًا} (الآية ٦٠)
Moses said to his servant: I shall journey on until I reach the point where the two seas meet, though I may march for ages. (Verse 60)
والله أعلم، والراجح أن المكان الموصوف هنا بـ«مجمع البحرين» هو البحر الأبيض المتوسط والبحر الأحمر، وأن موضع التقائهما هو المنطقة التي توجد فيها البحيرات المُرّة وبحيرة التمساح على طول قناة السويس. ويحتمل أيضًا أن يكون إشارة إلى نقطة التقاء خليج السويس وخليج العقبة في الطرف الشمالي من البحر الأحمر. وقد شهدت هذه المنطقة كلها تاريخ بني إسرائيل بعد خروجهم من مصر. وعلى أية حال، فإن القرآن الكريم لا يشير إليها إلا عرضًا دون أن يحددها تحديدًا أوسع. وهناك روايات أخرى عديدة تذكر مواضع يُقال إن «البحرين يلتقيان» فيها، غير أننا نرى أنها كلها غير مقبولة.
Most probably, and God knows best, the place described here as the ‘point where the two seas meet’ refers to the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, and their meeting place is the area where the Bitter lakes and the Timsāh lake are found along the Suez Canal. It may also be a reference to the meeting point of the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of `Aqabah at the northern end of the Red Sea. This whole area witnessed the history of the Children of Israel after they left Egypt. Anyway, the Qur’ān only refers to it in passing without defining it further. There are several other reports suggesting where the area was that ‘the two seas meet, but we feel these are all unacceptable.
نفهم من مجرى القصة العام أنّ لموسى غايةً محددةً وراء رحلته. فهو يُعلن أنه سيسير حتى يبلغ مجمع البحرين مهما كانت الرحلة شاقّةً، ومهما طال الزمن. ويُعبّر عن عزيمته بالكلمات التي نقلها القرآن الكريم: {لَا أَبْرَحُ حَتَّىٰ أَبْلُغَ مَجْمَعَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ أَوْ أَمْضِيَ حُقُبًا} [الكهف: 60]
We understand from the general drift of the story that Moses had a definite purpose behind his journey. He declares that he will travel as far as the meeting point of the two seas, no matter how troublesome the journey may prove, or how long it takes. He expresses his determination by the words quoted in the Qur’ān:
"وإن مضيتُ أحقابًا" ... وقد اختلف في المعنى المراد بلفظ "الحُقُب" الوارد في الترجمة بكلمة "أحقاب"، فذهب بعض العلماء إلى أن كل حقبة منها تدل على سنة واحدة، وذهب آخرون إلى أنها تدل على ثمانين سنة. وأيًّا كان المعنى المراد منها، فإن العبارة تدل على العزيمة لا على مدة الزمن.
“though I may march for ages.” There are differences as to the exact meaning of the Arabic word, ĥuqub, which is given in the translation as ‘ages’. Some scholars state that each such ĥuqbah, or age, denotes one year, while others say it denotes eighty years. Whichever meaning it may have, the expression denotes a resolve rather than duration of time.
الصدمة الأولى المُفاجِئة
First Jolting Shock
قال موسىٰ للعبد الصالح بأدبٍ بالغ، وهو أدبٌ يليق بنبيّ. طلب ما أراد دون أن يفترض شيئاً، وبيّن أنه يبتغي العلم الصحيح من عبدٍ صالحٍ من عباد الله.
Moses addresses the pious sage in a most polite manner. It is the sort of politeness that is worthy of a prophet. He puts his request, without making any assumptions, and he makes it clear that he seeks proper knowledge from a good servant of God:
قَالَ لَهُ مُوسَىٰ: هَلْ أَتَّبِعُكَ عَلَىٰ أَنْ تُعَلِّمَنِ مِمَّا عُلِّمْتَ رُشْدًا؟
Moses said to him: May I follow you, on the understanding that you will teach me something of the wisdom you have been taught?’ (Verse 66)
لیکن اس شخص کا علم انسانی علم جیسا نہیں، جس کے قریبی اسباب اور لازمی نتائج ہوتے ہیں۔ یہ علمِ الٰہی کا ایک حصہ ہے جو اللہ نے اسے عطا فرمایا، ایک ایسے اندازے کے مطابق جو اس نے مقرر فرمایا تھا اور ایک ایسے مقصد کے لیے جسے وہ پورا کرنا چاہتا تھا۔ موسیٰ سے یہ توقع نہیں کی جا سکتی تھی کہ وہ اس شخص اور اس کے افعال پر صبر کریں، باوجود اس کے کہ موسیٰ ایک نبی اور اللہ کے رسول تھے۔ سطحی نظر سے دیکھا جائے تو ان افعال کا کوئی منطقی جواز ہی نظر نہیں آتا۔
The man’s knowledge however is nothing like human knowledge with its immediate causes and inevitable results. It is a part of divine knowledge that God has granted him, according to a measure He determined and for a purpose He wanted to accomplish. Moses could not be expected to be patient with the man and his actions, even though Moses was a prophet and a messenger from God. Looked at superficially, these actions may appear to have no logical justification whatsoever.
لا يمكن فهمها دون الاطلاع على الحكمة التي تقتضيها، وهذا جزء من الحكمة الإلهية التي لا يستطيع الناس أن يدركوا منها شيئا.
They could not be understood without having access to the wisdom dictating them, and that is part of divine wisdom which people cannot begin to comprehend.
يخشى العالِم، ولا غرابة في ذلك، أن لا يملك موسى الصبرَ الذي يلزم ليكون رفيقًا مريحًا له، ويوضح هذا لموسى. «قَالَ إِنَّكَ لَن تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِيَ صَبْرًا * وَكَيْفَ تَصْبِرُ عَلَىٰ مَا لَمْ تُحِطْ بِهِ خُبْرًا» (الآيتان 67-68). لكنّ موسى شديد الحرص على التعلّم، فيعزم على أن يتحلّى بالصبر الشديد والطاعة، ويستعين بالله، ويقدّم مشيئة الله على عزيمته: «قَالَ سَتَجِدُنِي إِن شَاءَ اللَّهُ صَابِرًا وَلَا أَعْصِي لَكَ أَمْرًا» (الآية 69).
The sage understandably fears that Moses may not have the patience required to make of him a comfortable companion. He makes this clear to Moses. “The other answered: You will not be able to have patience with me, for how can you be patient with something which you cannot fully comprehend?” (Verses 67-68) But Moses is so eager to learn. Hence he resolves to be very patient and obedient, seeks God’s help and places God’s will ahead of his own resolve: “Moses replied: You will find me patient, if God so wills; and I shall not disobey you in anything.” (Verse 69)
الصبر حين يبلغ حدّه
Patience Stretched To The Edge
ومع ذلك، هناك أحداث غريبة أخرى تنتظر موسى ستُنهك صبره: ﴿فَانطَلَقَا حَتَّىٰ إِذَا لَقِيَا غُلَامًا فَقَتَلَهُ﴾ (الآية ٧٤).
There are, however, other strange events awaiting Moses which would exhaust his patience: “And so the two went on until they met a certain young man. [The sage] slew him.” (Verse 74)
جاء الفعل الأول فعرّض السفينة وركابها لمخاطر محققة. والآن هذا قتل صريح لشاب دون استفزاز أو مسوغ. وكان هذا فوق ما يحتمله موسى عليه السلام بصبر، رغم كل العهود التي قطعها على نفسه بألا يسأل عن أي شيء يراه. ومن هنا ﴿قَالَ أَقَتَلْتَ نَفْسًا زَكِيَّةً بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ لَقَدْ جِئْتَ شَيْئًا نُّكْرًا﴾ (الآية 74)
The first action exposed the boat and its passengers to certain risks. Now there is the blatant murder of a young man without provocation or justification. This was too much for Moses to tolerate patiently, despite all the promises he had given not to question anything he saw. Hence, “Moses exclaimed: ‘Have you killed an innocent man with no cause of just retribution for murder? Foul indeed is that which you have perpetrated.’” (Verse 74)
يُشِيرُ هذا إلى أنَّ موسى عليه السلام لم يَغْفُلْ عن عهده، وربما تذكَّره، لكنه لم يستطع أن يسكت حين شهد قتلاً. فقد كان الفتى في نظره بريئاً، لم يَرْتَكِبْ شيئاً يُبَرِّرُ قتله.
This suggests that Moses was not unmindful of his promise. He probably remembered it, but felt unable to keep quiet when he witnessed a murder. To him, the young man was innocent. He had not perpetrated anything to justify his killing.
لَعَلَّهُ كَانَ دُونَ السِّنِّ الَّتِي يُؤَاخَذُ فِيهَا، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ يُمْكِنُ مُسَاءَلَتُهُ عَمَّا قَدْ يَكُونُ ارْتَكَبَهُ مِنْ أَخْطَاءٍ.
He was perhaps even under age, so that he could not be held accountable for any misdeeds.
مرّةً أخرى يُذكّر العالمُ موسىٰ بالشرط الذي اشترطه والوعود التي قطعها موسىٰ، ويُشير أيضًا إلى ما قاله في البداية: ﴿أَلَمْ أَقُلْ إِنَّكَ لَن تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِيَ صَبْرًا﴾ (الآية 75). لكنّ العالمَ هذه المرّة يذهب أبعدَ من ذلك، فيُذكّر موسىٰ بأنّه قال هذا كلَّه له شخصيًّا: ﴿أَلَمْ أَقُل لَّكَ﴾. فالتحذيرُ المبكّرُ كان موجّهًا إلى موسىٰ بعينه، لكنّه لم يقتنع. لقد سعى إلى أن يكون مرافقًا لذلك الرجل، قابلًا لشروطه.
Once again the sage reminds Moses of the condition he has made and the promises Moses has given, referring also to what he said in the first place: “Did I not make it clear to you that you would not be able to have patience with me?” (Verse 75) This time, however, the sage goes further and reminds Moses that he said all this to him personally: “Did I not make it clear to you...” So the early warning was addressed to Moses personally, but he was not convinced. He had sought to be the man’s companion accepting his conditions.
كل شيء واضح وبسيط
All Made Clear And Simple
ثم تُكشَف السِّرّ: ﴿أَمَّا السَّفِينَةُ فَكَانَتْ لِمَسَاكِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ فِي الْبَحْرِ فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَعِيبَهَا وَكَانَ وَرَاءَهُم مَّلِكٌ يَأْخُذُ كُلَّ سَفِينَةٍ غَصْبًا﴾ (الآية 79). وهذا يبيّن أنّ العيب اليسير الذي لحق بالسفينة كان كافيًا لإنقاذها لأهلها؛ فلو كانت صالحة للإبحار لصُودرت لا محالة على يد الملك الظالم. فإحداث ضرر يسير في السفينة دفع عنها ضررًا أعظم وظلمًا مُهلِكًا كان سيقع لا محالة لولاه، ولذلك كان إحداث ذلك الضرر فعلًا حسنًا رحيمًا.
The secret is then revealed: “As for the boat, it belonged to some needy people who toiled upon the sea — and I desired to slightly damage it because behind them there was a king who was taking every boat by force.” (Verse 79) This explains that the small damage the boat suffered was enough to save it for its people. Had it been seaworthy, it would certainly have been confiscated by the tyrannical king. Perpetrating some small damage to the boat saved it from the greater harm and ruinous injustice which was certain to take place without it. Hence, causing such damage was a good and kindly action.
وَأَمَّا الْغُلَامُ فَكَانَ أَبَوَاهُ مُؤْمِنَيْنِ فَخَشِينَا أَنْ يُرْهِقَهُمَا طُغْيَانًا وَكُفْرًا ﴿٨٠﴾ فَأَرَدْنَا أَنْ يُبْدِلَهُمَا رَبُّهُمَا خَيْرًا مِنْهُ زَكَاةً وَأَقْرَبَ رُحْمًا ﴿٨١﴾
And as for the young man, his parents are true believers, and we feared lest he should cause them much grief by his overweening wickedness and unbelief. And so we desired that their Lord grant them in his stead [a son] of greater purity than him, and closer in loving tenderness. (Verses 80-81)
كان هذا الشاب يبدو في ذلك الوقت غير مستحقٍّ لأي عقوبة، لكنّ الله كشف للحكيم حقيقة أمره. وقد تبيّن لنا الآن أنه كان يحمل في نفسه بذور الشر والكفر كلّها، وكانت لا محالة ستنمو مع كبره. ولو عاش لأوقع والديه المؤمنين في كثير من المتاعب.
This young man appeared at the time to be deserving of no punishment, but God revealed his true nature to the sage. We realize now that he harboured all the seeds of wickedness and unbelief which were bound to increase as he grew up. Had he lived, he would have caused his parents, believers as they were, too much trouble.
وَلَعَلَّهُ لَوْ عَاشَ لَأَرْهَقَهُمَا طُغْيَانًا وَكُفْرًا، فَأَرَادَ اللهُ أَنْ يُبْدِلَهُمَا خَيْرًا مِنْهُ زَكَاةً وَأَقْرَبَ رُحْمًا، وَأَمَرَ عَبْدَهُ الصَّالِحَ بِقَتْلِ الغُلَامِ لِيُبْدِلَهُمَا بِمَنْ هُوَ أَفْضَلُ وَأَبَرُّ.
He might have led them, out of love for him, to follow him in his wickedness. Hence, God directed His goodly servant to kill the boy in order to replace him with one who would be better and more dutiful.
لو تُرك الأمر لعلم البشر، لما كان للحكيم أن يعامل الغلام إلا بناءً على ما ظهر له، ولم يكن له مسوّغ في قتله، لا سيما وأن الغلام كان يبدو صغير السن، ولم يرتكب ما يستوجب القتل. وليس لأحد أن يحكم على إنسان بحسب حقيقة نفسه إلا الله سبحانه، أو من يُعلّمه الله من عنده علماً خاصاً، ولا يجوز أن يُتّخذ مثل هذا العلم أساساً لأي فعل سوى ما تسمح به الظواهر. ولكنّ الله يأمر بما يشاء، كما فعل في هذه الحادثة.