سورۃ البقرہ (بار بار عہد توڑنا) 75 - 103
Al-baqarah ( Covenants Breached All The Time) 75 - 103
أَفَتَطْمَعُونَ أَن يُؤْمِنُوا لَكُمْ وَقَدْ كَانَ فَرِيقٌ مِّنْهُمْ يَسْمَعُونَ كَلَامَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ يُحَرِّفُونَهُ مِن بَعْدِ مَا عَقَلُوهُ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ
Do you hope that they will accept your message when some of them would listen to the word of God then, having understood them, knowingly distort it? (75)
وَإِذَا لَقُوا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قَالُوا آمَنَّا، وَإِذَا خَلَا بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَىٰ بَعْضٍ قَالُوا: أَتُحَدِّثُونَهُمْ بِمَا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ لِيُحَاجُّوكُم بِهِ عِندَ رَبِّكُمْ؟ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ؟ (76)
When they meet the believers, they say, ‘We believe,’ but when they find themselves alone, they say to one another, ‘Need you inform them that which God has disclosed to you? They will only use it in argument against you before your Lord? Will you not use your reason?’ (76)
أَوَلَمْ يَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا يُسِرُّونَ وَمَا يُعْلِنُونَ؟ (٧٧)
Do they not know that God is well aware of all that they conceal and all that they reveal? (77)
وَمِنْهُمْ أُمِّيُّونَ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ الْكِتَابَ إِلَّا أَمَانِيَّ وَإِنْ هُمْ إِلَّا يَظُنُّونَ (78)
There are among them illiterate people who have no real knowledge of the Scriptures, entertaining only wishful beliefs and conjecture. (78)
فَوَيْلٌ لِّلَّذِينَ يَكْتُبُونَ الْكِتَابَ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ ثُمَّ يَقُولُونَ هَٰذَا مِنْ عِندِ اللَّهِ لِيَشْتَرُوا بِهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا ۖ فَوَيْلٌ لَّهُم مِّمَّا كَتَبَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَوَيْلٌ لَّهُم مِّمَّا يَكْسِبُونَ
Woe, then, to those who write down, with their own hands, [something which they claim to be of] the Scriptures, and then say, ‘This is from God’, in order to get for it a trifling price. Woe to them for what their hands have written and woe to them for what they earn. (79)
وَقَالُوا لَن تَمَسَّنَا النَّارُ إِلَّا أَيَّامًا مَّعْدُودَةً ۗ قُلْ أَتَّخَذْتُمْ عِندَ اللَّهِ عَهْدًا فَلَن يُخْلِفَ اللَّهُ عَهْدَهُ أَمْ تَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ
They declare, ‘The fire will not touch us except for a few days.’ Say, ‘Have you received such a promise from God — for God never breaks His promise — or do you attribute to God something of which you have no knowledge?’ (80)
بَلَىٰ مَن كَسَبَ سَيِّئَةً وَأَحَاطَتْ بِهِ خَطِيئَتُهُ فَأُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ ۖ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ (٨١)
Indeed, those who earn evil and become engulfed by their sin are destined for the fire where they shall abide, (81)
وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ أُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْجَنَّةِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ (82)
but those who believe and do righteous deeds are destined for Paradise where they shall abide. (82)
وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَاقَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ لَا تَعْبُدُونَ إِلَّا اللَّهَ وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا وَذِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْيَتَامَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَقُولُوا لِلنَّاسِ حُسْنًا وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ ثُمَّ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا مِنْكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ مُعْرِضُونَ (83)
We made this covenant with the Children of Israel: “Worship none but God; show kindness to parents and kinsfolk and to the orphans and the poor; speak kindly to all people; attend regularly to your prayers and pay the obligatory alms.’ But, except for a few, you turned away and paid no heed. (83)
وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَاقَكُمْ لَا تَسْفِكُونَ دِمَاءَكُمْ وَلَا تُخْرِجُونَ أَنْفُسَكُم مِّن دِيَارِكُمْ ثُمَّ أَقْرَرْتُمْ وَأَنتُمْ تَشْهَدُونَ (84)
We made a covenant with you that you shall not shed your own blood or drive yourselves out of your own homeland. You acknowledged all that and bore witness to it. (84)
ومع ذلك ها أنتم تقتلون أنفسكم، وتُخرجون فريقًا منكم من ديارهم، تتعاونون عليهم بالإثم والعدوان. وإن يأتوكم أسرى تفادوهم، وهو محرّم عليكم إخراجهم.
Yet there you are, slaying yourselves, and driving some of your own people out of their homes, collaborating against them in sin and injustice. Had they come to you as captives you would have ransomed them.
إنَّ إخراجَهم محرَّمٌ عليكم.
Their expulsion is indeed forbidden to you.
أَفَتُؤْمِنُونَ بِبَعْضِ الْكِتَابِ وَتَكْفُرُونَ بِبَعْضٍ ۚ فَمَا جَزَاءُ مَن يَفْعَلُ ذَٰلِكَ مِنكُمْ إِلَّا خِزْيٌ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۖ وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يُرَدُّونَ إِلَىٰ أَشَدِّ الْعَذَابِ ۗ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ
Do you, then, believe in some parts of the Scriptures and deny others? Those of you who do this will have nothing for their reward other than ignominy in this life and, on the Day of Resurrection, they shall be committed to a most grievous suffering. For God is not unaware of what you do. (85)
{أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ اشْتَرَوُا الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا بِالْآخِرَةِ ۖ فَلَا يُخَفَّفُ عَنْهُمُ الْعَذَابُ وَلَا هُمْ يُنْصَرُونَ} (86)
Such are the ones who buy the life of this world at the price of the life to come. Their suffering shall not be alleviated, nor shall they receive any succour. (86)
وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ وَقَفَّيْنَا مِنْ بَعْدِهِ بِالرُّسُلِ ۖ وَآتَيْنَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ وَأَيَّدْنَاهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ
We gave Moses the Book and caused a succession of messengers to follow him. To Jesus, son of Mary, We gave clear proofs and supported him with the Holy Spirit.
لِمَ كُلَّمَا جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ بِمَا لَا تَهْوَىٰ أَنفُسُكُمُ اسْتَكْبَرْتُمْ ۖ فَفَرِيقًا كَذَّبْتُمْ وَفَرِيقًا تَقْتُلُونَ
Why is it that every time a messenger comes to you with a message that does not suit your fancies, you glory in your arrogance, charging some (messengers) with lying and slaying others? (87)
وَقَالُوا قُلُوبُنَا غُلْفٌ ۚ بَلْ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِكُفْرِهِمْ
They say, ‘Our hearts are sealed.’ No! God has cursed them for their disbelief.
قَلِيلًا مَّا يُؤْمِنُونَ ۔ (88)
They have but little faith. (88)
ولَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ كِتَابٌ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ مُصَدِّقٌ لِمَا مَعَهُمْ وَكَانُوا مِنْ قَبْلُ يَسْتَفْتِحُونَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ مَا عَرَفُوا كَفَرُوا بِهِ فَلَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ
And now that a Book confirming their own has come to them from God, and they had repeatedly forecast its coming to the unbelievers, they have denied what they know to be the truth. God’s curse be upon the unbelievers! (89)
بِئْسَمَا اشْتَرَوْا بِهِ أَنفُسَهُمْ أَن يَكْفُرُوا بِمَا أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ بَغْيًا أَن يُنَزِّلَ اللَّهُ مِن فَضْلِهِ عَلَىٰ مَن يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ ۖ فَبَاءُوا بِغَضَبٍ عَلَىٰ غَضَبٍ ۚ
Vile is that for which they have bartered their souls, because they have denied what God has revealed, grudging that He should, by His grace, send down His revelations to whom He chooses from among His servants. Thus they have incurred God’s wrath over and over again.
وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ مُّهِينٌ
Ignominious suffering is in store for the unbelievers. (90)
وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ آمِنُوا بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ قَالُوا نُؤْمِنُ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْنَا وَيَكْفُرُونَ بِمَا وَرَاءَهُ وَهُوَ الْحَقُّ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا مَعَهُمْ
When it is said to them, ‘Believe in what God has revealed,’ they say, ‘We believe in what has been revealed to us.’ They deny everything else, although it is the truth, corroborating the revelations they have.
{قُلْ فَلِمَ تَقْتُلُونَ أَنبِيَاءَ اللَّهِ مِن قَبْلُ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ} (91)
Say, ‘Why, then, did you in the past kill God’s prophets, if you were true believers?’ (91)
وَلَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ مُوسَىٰ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ ثُمَّ اتَّخَذْتُمُ الْعِجْلَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَأَنتُمْ ظَالِمُونَ
Moses came to you with clear proofs, but in his absence you transgressed, worshipping the calf. (92)
وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَاقَكُمْ وَرَفَعْنَا فَوْقَكُمُ الطُّورَ خُذُوا مَا آتَيْنَاكُم بِقُوَّةٍ وَاسْمَعُوا ۖ قَالُوا سَمِعْنَا وَعَصَيْنَا وَأُشْرِبُوا فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الْعِجْلَ بِكُفْرِهِمْ ۚ قُلْ بِئْسَمَا يَأْمُرُكُم بِهِ إِيمَانُكُمْ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ
We accepted your solemn pledge, and We raised Mount Sinai above you, saying, ‘Take with firmness and strength what We have given you and hearken to it.’ They said, ‘We hear but we disobey.’ For their unbelief they were made to drink the calf into their hearts. Say, ‘Vile is that which your faith enjoins upon you, if indeed you are believers.’ (93)
قُلْ إِن كَانَتْ لَكُمُ ٱلدَّارُ ٱلْـَٔاخِرَةُ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ خَالِصَةً مِّن دُونِ ٱلنَّاسِ فَتَمَنَّوُا۟ ٱلْمَوْتَ إِن كُنتُمْ صَٰدِقِينَ ٩٤
Say, ‘If the ultimate abode with God is yours alone, to the exclusion of all others, then wish for death, if your claim is true.’ (94)
وَلَنْ يَتَمَنَّوْهُ أَبَدًا بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ
But they will never wish for it because of what their hands have wrought in this life.
وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالظَّالِمِينَ. (٩٥)
God is well aware of the wrongdoers. (95)
إِنَّكَ تَجِدُهُمْ أَحْرَصَ النَّاسِ عَلَىٰ حَيَاةٍ، وَمِنَ الَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا ۚ يَوَدُّ أَحَدُهُمْ لَوْ يُعَمَّرُ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ ۖ وَمَا هُوَ بِمُزَحْزِحِهِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ أَن يُعَمَّرَ ۗ وَاللَّهُ بَصِيرٌ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ ﴿٩٦﴾
Indeed, you shall find that they cling to life more eagerly than any other people, even more than the idolaters. Each one of them would love to live a thousand years, although the grant of a long life could not save him from punishment. God sees all that they do. (96)
قُلْ مَن كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِّجِبْرِيلَ فَإِنَّهُ نَزَّلَهُ عَلَىٰ قَلْبِكَ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ مُصَدِّقًا لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَهُدًى وَبُشْرَىٰ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ (97)
Say, ‘Whoever is an enemy of Gabriel should know that he revealed it [the Qur’ān] to your heart by God’s leave.’ It confirms the Scriptures revealed before it, and is a guidance and joyful tidings for the believers. (97)
مَن كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِّلَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَجِبْرِيلَ وَمِيكَالَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَدُوٌّ لِّلْكَافِرِينَ
Whoever is an enemy of God, His angels, His messengers, and to Gabriel and Michael will surely find that God is indeed the enemy of the unbelievers. (98)
لَقَدْ أَنْزَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ آيَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ
We have sent down to you clear revelations:
وَمَا يَجْحَدُ بِهَا إِلَّا الظَّالِمُونَ
none will deny them except the evildoers.
(99)
(99)
أَوَكُلَّمَا عَاهَدُوا عَهْدًا نَبَذَهُ فَرِيقٌ مِّنْهُمْ ۚ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ
Is it always to be the case that every time they make a solemn pledge some of them will violate it? The truth is that most of them do not believe. (100)
وَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ رَسُولٌ مِّنْ عِندِ اللَّهِ مُصَدِّقٌ لِّمَا مَعَهُمْ نَبَذَ فَرِيقٌ مِّنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ وَرَاءَ ظُهُورِهِمْ كَأَنَّهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ ١٠١
And now that a Messenger from God has come to them, confirming what is already in their possession, some of those who had been given the Scriptures cast God’s Book behind their backs as though they know nothing. (101)
وَاتَّبَعُوا مَا تَتْلُو الشَّيَاطِينُ عَلَىٰ مُلْكِ سُلَيْمَانَ ۖ وَمَا كَفَرَ سُلَيْمَانُ وَلَٰكِنَّ الشَّيَاطِينَ كَفَرُوا يُعَلِّمُونَ النَّاسَ السِّحْرَ وَمَا أُنزِلَ عَلَى الْمَلَكَيْنِ بِبَابِلَ هَارُوتَ وَمَارُوتَ ۚ وَمَا يُعَلِّمَانِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ حَتَّىٰ يَقُولَا إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ فِتْنَةٌ فَلَا تَكْفُرْ ۖ فَيَتَعَلَّمُونَ مِنْهُمَا مَا يُفَرِّقُونَ بِهِ بَيْنَ الْمَرْءِ وَزَوْجِهِ
They follow what the devils relate of Solomon’s kingdom. Solomon never disbelieved, but the devils did. They instruct people in witchcraft which was certainly not revealed to the two angels, Hārūt and Mārūt, at Babylon. Yet these two [angels] never taught anyone without first declaring, ‘We are but a temptation to evil, so do not renounce your faith.’ From these two, people learned what they would use to cause discord between a man and his wife.
وَمَا هُم بِضَارِّينَ بِهِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ، وَيَتَعَلَّمُونَ مَا يَضُرُّهُمْ وَلَا يَنفَعُهُمْ، وَلَقَدْ عَلِمُوا لَمَنِ اشْتَرَاهُ مَا لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ خَلَاقٍ، وَلَبِئْسَ مَا شَرَوْا بِهِ أَنفُسَهُمْ ۚ لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ. (102)
However, with that knowledge they can harm no one except by God’s leave. Indeed, they learn what harms them and brings them no profit. They knew full well that whoever contracted such a deal would have no share in the life to come. Vile indeed is what they had sold their souls for, if they but knew id (102)
وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ آمَنُوا وَاتَّقَوْا لَمَثُوبَةٌ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ (103)
Had they embraced the faith and been God-fearing, God’s reward would have been far better for them, if they but knew it. (103)
نظرة عامة
Overview
ذكرنا في الفصل الثالث أن المقطع انتهى بتذكير بني إسرائيل بالنعم الكثيرة التي أنعم الله بها عليهم، وبكفرهم المتواصل بها. وقد شهدنا مشاهد عدة، بعضها مرسوم في خطوطه العامة، وبعضها مفصّل، تُظهر نعم الله وردّ بني إسرائيل الجاحد عليها. وقد بلغ ذلك ذروته في وصف قلوبهم بأنها أقسى من الحجارة.
The passage we discussed in Chapter 3 ended on a note reminding the Children of Israel of the many favours God had bestowed on them and their continued ingratitude. We witnessed a number of scenes, some drawn in general outline and some elaborate, showing God’s favours and the Israelites’ ungrateful response. This culminated in the description of their hearts as harder than rocks.
هذا النص يخاطب الأمة المسلمة، ويعرض عليها صورة موجزة لمكايد بني إسرائيل ومؤامراتهم الخبيثة الماكرة. ويُحذَّر المسلمون من أنه بهذا التاريخ وبهذه الطبيعة، سيظل اليهود يسعون إلى إضلالهم. وطول هذا الخطاب، وتنوّع أساليبه ومناهجه، يدلّ على عِظم المكايد الشريرة التي دبّرها يهود المدينة لزعزعة الجماعة المسلمة.
This passage addresses the Muslim community, giving it an outline of the machinations of the Children of Israel, and their devious, wicked scheming. The Muslims are warned that, with such history and nature, the Jews will always try to lead them astray. The length of this address, and the different styles and approaches it employs are indicative of the magnitude of the wicked schemes the Jews of Madinah employed to undermine the Muslim community.
بَيْنَ حِينٍ وَحِينٍ تُوَاجِهُ السُّورَةُ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَمَامَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِالْعُهُودِ الَّتِي أَعْطَوْهَا لِلَّهِ وَكَيْفَ نَقَضُوهَا. وَقَدْ بَلَغَ بِهِمُ الْأَمْرُ أَنْ قَتَلُوا بَعْضَ أَنْبِيَائِهِمْ عِنْدَمَا لَمْ يُوَافِقُوا عَلَى رَغَبَاتِهِمْ. وَتَصِفُ السُّورَةُ أَيْضًا مُخَالَفَتَهُمْ لِأَحْكَامِ اللَّهِ، وَحُجَجَهُمُ الْبَاطِلَةَ، وَتَحْرِيفَهُمْ لِكُتُبِهِمُ الْمُقَدَّسَةِ.
Every now and then, the sūrah confronts the Children of Israel, in front of the Muslims, with the pledges they gave to God and how they violated them. They went as far as killing some of their Prophets when those Prophets would not comply with their wishes. It also describes their violation of divine law, their false arguments and distortion of their Scriptures.
يُبيّن هذا المقطع طول مجادلاتهم مع المسلمين، والادعاءات الباطلة التي اعتمدوها. ويأمر الله نبيّه ﷺ بكشف دعاويهم وتفنيد حججهم، وإبراز الحق واضحاً بسيطاً. ومن ادعاءاتهم أنهم لن يمكثوا في النار إلا أياماً قليلة، لمكانتهم الخاصة عند الله. ويُرشد الله رسوله ﷺ إلى كيفية دحض هذا الادعاء: ﴿قُلْ أَتَّخَذْتُمْ عِندَ اللَّهِ عَهْدًا فَلَن يُخْلِفَ اللَّهُ عَهْدَهُ أَمْ تَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ﴾ (الآية ٨٠)
The passage highlights their long arguments with the Muslim community, and the false claims they used. It instructs the Prophet on how to expose their claims and refute their arguments, putting forward the truth, clear and simple. One of their claims was that they would not be in hell for more than a small number of days, on account of their special position with God. God instructs His Messenger on how to refute this claim: “Say: ‘Have you received such a promise from God — for God never breaks His promise — or do you attribute to God something of which you have no knowledge?’“ (Verse 80)
تحريف الكتب
Falsification Of Scriptures
أَفَتَطْمَعُونَ أَن يُؤْمِنُوا لَكُمْ وَقَدْ كَانَ فَرِيقٌ مِّنْهُمْ يَسْمَعُونَ كَلَامَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ يُحَرِّفُونَهُ مِن بَعْدِ مَا عَقَلُوهُ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ * وَإِذَا لَقُوا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قَالُوا آمَنَّا وَإِذَا خَلَا بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَىٰ بَعْضٍ قَالُوا أَتُحَدِّثُونَهُم بِمَا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ لِيُحَاجُّوكُم بِهِ عِندَ رَبِّكُمْ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ * أَوَلَا يَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا يُسِرُّونَ وَمَا يُعْلِنُونَ
Do you hope that they will accept your message when some of them would listen to the word of God then, having understood them, knowingly distort it? When they meet the believers, they say, ‘We believe,’ but when they find themselves alone, they say to one another, Need you inform them that which God has disclosed to you? They will only use it in argument against you before your Lord? Will you not use your reason?’ Do they not know that God is well aware of all that they conceal and all that they reveal?
(الآيات ٧٥-٧٧)
(Verses 75-77)
في نهاية القسم الأخير، عُرضت علينا طبيعة بني إسرائيل المتصلّبة والمتواصلة في العناد. إنها صورة قاتمة تُلقي ظلّاً كئيباً من اليأس والقنوط؛ ويبدو مستحيلاً أن يخرج منهم أي خير.
Towards the end of the last section, we were told about the rigid and relentless nature of the Israelites. It is a gloomy portrait that casts a bleak shadow of despair and hopelessness; it would seem impossible that any good would come out of them.
تُشكِّك السورةُ في الأسس التي يستند إليها بعضُ المسلمين في أملهم بأن يقبل اليهودُ الإسلامَ.
With that in mind, the sūrah questions the grounds for any hope, as entertained by some Muslims, that the Jews would accept Islam.
كان هذا الرجاء في غير محله، لأن اليهود بدا أنهم يفتقرون إلى الإدراك والفهم اللذين يقودانهم إلى الاعتراف بالحق وقبوله.
Such a hope was ill-founded because the Jews seemed to lack the perception and the understanding that would lead them to acknowledge the truth and accept it.
يتطلّب الإيمانُ باللهِ وتصديقُه طبيعةً مستقيمةً، صافيةً، مُتقبِّلةً، خاليةً من المكرِ والانحرافِ والعِناد. ويتطلّب طبيعةً رقيقةً مُرهَفةً، صادقةً حقًّا، تخشى اللهَ، فلا تُحرِّفُ كلامَه، ولا تسعى إلى طمسِ الحقِّ بعدَ أن يُعلَن.
Faith and belief in God require a straightforward, refined and receptive nature that is free of deviousness and perversity. It requires a caring, sensitive nature that is truly sincere and fearful of God, that would not distort His words or try to obliterate the truth once it is declared.
الرد على الحجج الباطلة
Reply To False Arguments
ومن أشهر الدعاوى التي ادّعاها بنو إسرائيل، وكانت في تعارض صريح مع العدل الإلهي، ولا أساس لها من المنطق أو العقيدة الدينية، أنهم محصّنون من العقاب مهما بلغ انحرافهم وضلالهم؛ فقالوا: إن النار لن تمسّهم إلا أياماً معدودة، إن مسّتهم أصلاً، ثم يخلدون بعدها في الجنة أبداً.
One of the most notorious claims made by the Israelites which stood in direct conflict with divine justice, and had no basis in logic or religious doctrine, was that they were immune to punishment no matter how much they erred or deviated. Hell fire, they said, would touch them for no more than a few days, if at all; after which they would abide in Paradise for ever.
على أي أساس استندوا إلى مثل هذا الادعاء المتعالي؟ لا شيء سوى أمنياتٍ محضة قائمة على الجهل والأكاذيب الماكرة التي لقّنهم إياها أسلافهم. فحين ينحرف الناس عن جادة الدين ويبتعدون لفترة طويلة عن الروح الحقيقية لعقيدتهم، لا يبقى لهم سوى قشرة ظاهرية، وهوية سطحية لا تعني في حقيقتها شيئاً. ويظل أصحاب هذا الحال يتشبثون بوهم البرّ والنجاة، مكتفين بإظهار الولاء اللفظي لدينهم. يتوهمون أن ادعاءهم اتباع الدين الصحيح سيقيهم عذاب الله: ﴿وَقَالُوا لَنْ تَمَسَّنَا النَّارُ إِلَّا أَيَّامًا مَعْدُودَةً قُلْ أَاتَّخَذْتُمْ عِندَ اللَّهِ عَهْدًا فَلَن يُخْلِفَ اللَّهُ عَهْدَهُ أَمْ تَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ﴾ (البقرة: 80).
What basis did they have for such a pompous claim? Nothing but sheer wishful thinking based on ignorance and the cunning lies of their elders. When people stray away and find themselves, over a long period, divorced from the true spirit of their religious belief, they end up with a mere facade, a superficial identity that means little in reality. Such people will continue to cherish the illusion of righteousness and salvation by paying lip service to their religious faith. They imagine that their claims of following the right faith will spare them God’s punishment: “They declare, ‘The fire will not touch us except for a few clays.’ Say, ‘Have you received such a promise from God — for God never breaks His promise — or do you attribute to God something of which you have no knowledge?’“ (Verse 80)
ما أقوى هذا الرد! أيّ عهدٍ أو ضمانٍ من الله لديهم يُثبت دعاواهم؟ الحقيقة أنه لا يوجد لديهم شيء من ذلك. السؤال بلاغي، يحمل شيئاً من السخرية والتوبيخ.
What a powerful rebuttal! What promise or assurance do they have from God to substantiate their claims? The truth is that they have no such thing. The question is a rhetorical one, carrying a whiff of sarcasm and reproach.
تُعدّ الآية التالية قولًا حاسمًا يمثّل أحد أعظم المبادئ في الإسلام، وذلك بالنظر إلى رؤيته الشاملة للإنسان والحياة والكون. فالجزاء يرتبط ارتباطًا مباشرًا بالعمل، كمّيةً وكيفيةً: ﴿بَلَىٰ مَن كَسَبَ سَيِّئَةً وَأَحَاطَتْ بِهِ خَطِيئَتُهُ فَأُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ ۖ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ * وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ أُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْجَنَّةِ ۖ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ﴾ [البقرة: 81-82].
نقض العهود
Going Back On Firm Pledges
تُخبر السورةُ المسلمين بمزيدٍ من التفاصيل عن طبيعة اليهود وأساليبهم الملتوية والماكرة، وفي الوقت نفسه تُواجه اليهودَ أنفسَهم بهذه الكشوفات.
The sūrah tells the Muslims more about the nature of the Jews and their crooked and devious ways while, at the same time, confronting the Jews themselves with these revelations.
وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَاقَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ: لَا تَعْبُدُونَ إِلَّا اللَّهَ، وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا وَذِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْيَتَامَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ، وَقُولُوا لِلنَّاسِ حُسْنًا، وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ. ثُمَّ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا مِنْكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ مُعْرِضُونَ۔ وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَاقَكُمْ لَا تَسْفِكُونَ دِمَاءَكُمْ وَلَا تُخْرِجُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِكُمْ، ثُمَّ أَقْرَرْتُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ تَشْهَدُونَ۔ ثُمَّ أَنْتُمْ هَٰؤُلَاءِ تَقْتُلُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَتُخْرِجُونَ فَرِيقًا مِنْكُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ، تَظَاهَرُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ، وَإِنْ يَأْتُوكُمْ أُسَارَىٰ تُفَادُوهُمْ، وَهُوَ مُحَرَّمٌ عَلَيْكُمْ إِخْرَاجُهُمْ۔
We made this covenant with the Children of Israel: “Worship none but God; show kindness to parents and kinsfolk and to the orphans and the poor; speak kindly to all people; attend regularly to your prayers and pay the obligatory alms.’ But, except for a few, you turned away and paid no heed. We made a covenant with you that you shall not shed your own blood or drive yourselves out of your own homeland. You acknowledged all that and bore witness to it. Yet there you are, slaying yourselves, and driving some of your own people out of their homes, collaborating against them in sin and injustice. Had they come to you as captives you would have ransomed them.
إِنَّ إِخْرَاجَهُمْ مُحَرَّمٌ عَلَيْكُمْ، أَفَتُؤْمِنُونَ بِبَعْضِ الْكِتَابِ وَتَكْفُرُونَ بِبَعْضٍ؟ فَمَا جَزَاءُ مَنْ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ مِنْكُمْ إِلَّا خِزْيٌ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا، وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يُرَدُّونَ إِلَى أَشَدِّ الْعَذَابِ، وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ.
Their expulsion is indeed forbidden to you. Do you, then, believe in some parts of the Scriptures and deny others? Those of you who do this will have nothing for their reward other than ignominy in this life and, on the Day of Resurrection, they shall be committed to a most grievous suffering. For God is not unaware of what you do.
(الآیات ٨٣-٨٥)
(Verses 83-85)
لقد سبق ذكر ميثاق الله مع بني إسرائيل، وهنا نتعلم تفاصيل أخرى من هذا الميثاق.
Reference has already been made to God’s covenant with the Israelites, and here we learn of more details of this covenant.
قائمة طويلة من التناقضات
A Long List Of Contradictions
ثم تواجه السورة بني إسرائيل بسجلّ معاملتهم لرسالات الله ورسله، ومن ذلك أنبياؤهم أنفسهم: ﴿وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ وَقَفَّيْنَا مِن بَعْدِهِ بِالرُّسُلِ ۖ وَآتَيْنَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ وَأَيَّدْنَاهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ ۗ أَفَكُلَّمَا جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ بِمَا لَا تَهْوَىٰ أَنفُسُكُمُ اسْتَكْبَرْتُمْ فَفَرِيقًا كَذَّبْتُمْ وَفَرِيقًا تَقْتُلُونَ﴾ (البقرة: 87).
The sūrah then confronts the Israelites with their record of how they treated God’s messages and messengers, including their own prophets: “We gave Moses the Book and caused a succession of messengers to follow him. To Jesus, son of Mary, We gave clear proof and supported him with the Holy Spirit. Why is it that every time a messenger comes to you with a message that does not suit your fancies, you glory in your arrogance, charging some (messengers) with lying and slaying others?” (Verse 87)
كانت الحجّة الرئيسة لبني إسرائيل في عدم قبول الإسلام أنّ عندهم كثيرًا من هذه التعاليم التي أُعطوها من أنبيائهم. أمّا القرآن فيردّ هذه الدعوى، ويكشف الصورة المخزية التي استقبلوا بها أولئك الأنبياء وتعاليمهم.
The Israelites’ main argument for not accepting Islam was that they were in possession of a great many such teachings that had been given to them by their own prophets. The Qur’ān, however, rejects that claim and exposes the disgraceful manner in which they had received those prophets and their teachings.
لقد سبق أن عرفنا قصتهم مع موسى (عليه السلام)، وها نحن نعرف هنا أن أنبياء آخرين جاؤوا بعده ولقوا معاملة مماثلة، حتى عيسى ابن مريم. فقد جاء عيسى (عليه السلام) إليهم بالبيّنات الواضحة على صدق ما جاء به، ومنها إجراؤه المعجزات، وأيّده روح القدس، وهو جبريل عليه السلام. فما كان موقفهم منه؟ إن كتبهم المقدسة نفسها تشهد بقصة مؤلمة من الرفض والتكذيب وأشد صور الجحود تجاه جميع الأنبياء الذين أُرسلوا إليهم: ﴿أَفَكُلَّمَا جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ بِمَا لَا تَهْوَىٰ أَنفُسُكُمُ اسْتَكْبَرْتُمْ ۖ فَفَرِيقًا كَذَّبْتُمْ وَفَرِيقًا تَقْتُلُونَ﴾ [البقرة: 87].
We have already been told of their encounter with Moses (peace be upon him), and here we learn of more prophets coming after him and receiving similar treatment, right up to Jesus, the son of Mary. Jesus (peace be upon him) came to them with clear evidence of the truth, including the performance of miracles, and was supported by the Holy Spirit, the Archangel Gabriel. But what was their attitude towards him? Their own Scriptures testify to a sad tale of rejection, denunciation and appalling ingratitude towards all the prophets who were sent to them: “Why is it that every time a messenger comes to you with a message that does not suit your fancies, you glory in your arrogance, charging some (messengers) with lying and slaying others?” (Verse 87)
إنَّ ميلَ الإنسان إلى التلاعب بالقواعد وازدواجية المعايير، سعيًا إلى تحقيق أهداف أنانية أو عصبية عرقية أو قومية أو طائفية، ظاهرةٌ معروفة في المجتمع. وهي تظهر عادةً في المجتمعات الفاسدة التي فقدت الإحساسَ الإنسانيَّ الأساسيَّ بالعدل والإنصاف. والقوانينُ والمبادئ والمعايير ينبغي أن تنبثق من مصدرٍ محايدٍ وموضوعيٍّ وعادلٍ، لا يتأثر برغبات البشر أو أحكامهم المسبقة. ولا بدَّ لهذه الجهة أن تتجاوز ضعفَ الإنسان ومصلحته الذاتية.
الدَّعَاوَى التي تُكَذِّبُهَا الأَفْعَال
Claims Falsified By Actions
ثم تمضي السورة في كشف تعصبهم وخداعهم، فتقول: ﴿وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ آمِنُوا بِمَا أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ قَالُوا نُؤْمِنُ بِمَا أُنزِلَ عَلَيْنَا وَيَكْفُرُونَ بِمَا وَرَاءَهُ وَهُوَ الْحَقُّ مُصَدِّقًا لِّمَا مَعَهُمْ﴾ (البقرة: ٩١).
The sūrah then goes further in exposing their bigotry and deception. It says: “When it is said to them, ‘Believe in what God has revealed,’ they say, ‘We believe in what has been revealed to us.’ They deny everything else, although it is the truth, corroborating the revelations they have.” (Verse 91)
وكان هذا هو الرد الذي يقدّمه يهودُ المدينة كلما دُعُوا إلى الإقرار بالإسلام والقرآن. كانوا يعدّون ما علّمهم إياه أنبياؤهم كافيًا وتامًّا، ويرفضون كل ما سواه، بما في ذلك الوحيُ الذي تلقّاه عيسى ومحمدٌ ﷺ، خاتمُ الأنبياء جميعًا (عليهم جميعًا الصلاة والسلام). ويعترض القرآن اعتراضًا شديدًا على هذا الموقف من بني إسرائيل تجاه وحي الله، مع أن هذا الوحي هو «الحقُّ مصدِّقًا لما معهم» (الآية 91).
This would be the reply of the Jews of Madinah whenever they were called upon to acknowledge Islam and the Qur’ān. They considered what their own Prophets had taught them sufficient and complete, and they rejected all else, including the revelations received by Jesus and Muĥammad, the last of all prophets (peace be upon them all). The Qur’ān takes great exception to this reaction by the Israelites to God’s revelations, when these are “the truth, corroborating the revelations they have.” (Verse 91)
لٰکن ان کو حق کی پیروی کی کیا فکر ہو سکتی تھی جب کہ وہ صرف انہی کے لیے نہیں اتارا گیا تھا، اور انہیں اس سے کیا سروکار کہ دوسری قوموں پر اتاری گئی وحیاں ان کی اپنی کتاب کی تصدیق کریں؟ ان کی تعصب پسندی اور تنگ نظری اس حد تک بڑھ چکی تھی کہ انہوں نے اپنے ہی نبیوں کی تبلیغ کردہ باتوں کو بھی مسترد کر دیا، بلکہ ان میں سے بعض کو قتل کرنے کی جرأت بھی کی۔ "کہہ دو: ’اگر تم واقعی مومن تھے تو پھر تم نے پہلے اللہ کے نبیوں کو کیوں قتل کیا؟‘" (آیت 91)۔ جب وہ ان نبیوں میں سے بعض کو قتل کرنے تک جا پہنچے تھے تو وہ اس دعوے کو کیسے ثابت کر سکتے تھے کہ وہ صرف انہی باتوں پر ایمان رکھتے ہیں جو ان کے نبیوں کے ذریعے ان پر نازل کی گئی تھیں؟
But, why should they bother about the truth when it is not addressed to them alone, and what concern is it to them that revelations sent to other nations should corroborate their own? Their bigotry and narrow-mindedness were so extreme that they had even rejected what their own Prophets had preached, and dared even to kill some of them. “Say: ‘Why, then, did you in the past kill God’s prophets, if you were true believers?’“ (Verse 91) How could they substantiate their claims to believe only in what had been revealed to them through their Prophets if they went as far as killing some of these prophets?
والأسوأ من ذلك أنهم كذّبوا الآيات التي بلّغهم إياها موسى عليه السلام، وهو أعظم أنبيائهم شأناً ومنقذ أمّتهم. ﴿وَلَقَدْ جَاءَكُم مُّوسَىٰ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ ثُمَّ اتَّخَذْتُمُ الْعِجْلَ مِن بَعْدِهِ وَأَنتُمْ ظَالِمُونَ﴾ (الآية ٩٢) فهل يمكن أن يُعدّ عبادتهم للعجل، وموسى لا يزال حياً بينهم، دليلاً على الإيمان؟ وهل يؤيّد ذلك دعواهم أنهم يؤمنون بما أُنزل إليهم؟
نبذ آیات اللہ
Casting God’s Revelations Away
تُبيّن السورة بعد ذلك صدقَ الوحي الذي أُنزل على النبي محمد ﷺ وصحّتَه، وتُنكر على من يكفر به أو يعارضه برسالته. وتُوجّه إدانةً خاصة إلى بني إسرائيل لعدم وفائهم بعهودهم ومواثيقهم، سواء التي قطعوها مع الله، أو مع أنبيائهم، أو مع محمد ﷺ نفسه. ويتجلى ذلك في رفضهم القرآن، الوحي الأخير من الله إلى الإنسان، الذي صدّق ما عندهم من الوحي وعززه. قال تعالى: {لَقَدْ أَنْزَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ آيَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ وَمَا يَكْفُرُ بِهَا إِلَّا الْفَاسِقُونَ * أَوَكُلَّمَا عَاهَدُوا عَهْدًا نَبَذَهُ فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ * وَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ رَسُولٌ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ مُصَدِّقٌ لِمَا مَعَهُمْ نَبَذَ فَرِيقٌ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ وَرَاءَ ظُهُورِهِمْ كَأَنَّهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ} [البقرة: 99-101].
The sūrah then turns to reassure Prophet Muĥammad of the truth and validity of the revelations he had received, and to denounce those who reject or oppose his message. It specifically condemns the Israelites for not living up to their promises and commitments, whether made to God or to their own prophets, or to Muĥammad himself. That is manifest in their rejection of the Qur’ān, God’s final revelation to man, which endorsed and reinforced the revelations they already had. “We have sent down to you clear revelations: none will deny them except the evildoers. Is it always to be the case that every time they make a solemn pledge some of them will violate it? The truth is that most of them do not believe. And now that a Messenger from God has come to them, confirming what is already in their possession, some of those who had been given the Scriptures cast God’s Book behind their backs as though they know nothing.” (Verses 99-101)
هنا نجد السبب الحقيقي وراء رفض بني إسرائيل لآيات الله؛ إنه خبثهم المحض وفساد نفوسهم. فإن الفطرة الإنسانية السليمة السويّة لا يمكن إلا أن تُقرّ بالحق وتتقبّل المبادئ التي تبيّنها الوحي الإلهي. إن المنطق المقنع الذي تتضمنه تلك الرسالات لا يمكن أن يخفق في التأثير في القلب والعقل البشري. وإن رفض اليهود، أو أي قوم آخر كان، التصديقَ بالوحي الإلهي ليس طعنًا في صحته أو صدقه، بل هو انعكاسٌ لطبيعة أولئك القوم المنحرفة الفاسدة.
Here, then, we have the real reason behind the Israelites’ rejection of God’s revelations; it is their sheer wickedness and the corruption of their souls. Normal, healthy human nature could not but acknowledge and embrace the truth and principles expounded by divine revelations. The compelling logic in such revelations cannot fail to impress the human heart and mind. The fact that the Jews, or any other people for that matter, have refused to believe divine revelations is not a criticism of the validity or veracity of such revelations, but rather a reflection of those people’s perverted and corrupt nature.
ثم تُوجِّه السورة إعلانًا صريحًا يُدين فيه اليهود، فتكشف تناقضهم وعدم إخلاصهم، وتُظهرهم جماعةً متفرقة لا وحدةَ لها ولا هويةً تجمعها غايةٌ واحدة، وذلك على الرغم من تعصّبهم العنصري تجاه غيرهم. فلم تمنعهم عنصريتهم وتعصّبهم لجنسهم، ولا حسدهم لأي جماعة أخرى يُظنّ أنها حظيت بالتفضيل، من أن يكونوا متفرقين فيما بينهم، يرتاب بعضهم في بعض.
السحر والظواهر النفسية
Magic And Psychic Phenomena
أَوَيَكُونُ ذَلِكَ آخِرَ تَعَدِّيهِمْ؟ أَوَيَتَمَسَّكُونَ، بَعْدَ أَنْ كَفَرُوا بِالْوَحْيِ الْمُنَزَّلِ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ، بِالْوَحْيِ الْمُنَزَّلِ عَلَى آبَائِهِمِ الْأَوَّلِينَ، فَيُظْهِرُوا الْإِيمَانَ وَالْوَلَاءَ لِأَحْكَامِهِ وَتَعَالِيمِهِ؟ كَلَّا! بَلْ نَبَذُوا كِتَابَ اللَّهِ وَرَاءَ ظُهُورِهِمْ، وَذَهَبُوا يَبْحَثُونَ عَنِ الْخُرَافَاتِ وَالْأَوْهَامِ: ﴿وَاتَّبَعُوا مَا تَتْلُو الشَّيَاطِينُ عَلَى مُلْكِ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَمَا كَفَرَ سُلَيْمَانُ وَلَٰكِنَّ الشَّيَاطِينَ كَفَرُوا، يُعَلِّمُونَ النَّاسَ السِّحْرَ وَمَا أُنزِلَ عَلَى الْمَلَكَيْنِ بِبَابِلَ هَارُوتَ وَمَارُوتَ، وَمَا يُعَلِّمَانِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ حَتَّىٰ يَقُولَا إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ فِتْنَةٌ فَلَا تَكْفُرْ، فَيَتَعَلَّمُونَ مِنْهُمَا مَا يُفَرِّقُونَ بِهِ بَيْنَ الْمَرْءِ وَزَوْجِهِ، وَمَا هُم بِضَارِّينَ بِهِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ﴾
Would that be the end of their transgression? Would they, having rejected the revelations sent down to Muĥammad, hold fast to the revelations given to their forefathers and show faith and loyalty to its laws and teachings? Definitely not. They cast God’s revelations behind their backs and went in search of myths and superstitions: “They follow what the devils relate of Solomon’s kingdom. Solomon never disbelieved, but the devils did. They instruct people in witchcraft which was certainly not revealed to the two angels, Hārūt and Mārūt, at Babylon. Yet these two [angels] never taught anyone without first declaring, ‘We are but a temptation to evil, so do not renounce your faith.’ From these two, people learned what they would use to cause discord between a man and his wife. However, with that knowledge they can harm no one except by God’s leave.
إِنَّهُمْ يَتَعَلَّمُونَ مَا يَضُرُّهُمْ وَلَا يَنْفَعُهُمْ، وَلَقَدْ عَلِمُوا لَمَنِ اشْتَرَاهُ مَا لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ خَلَاقٍ، وَلَبِئْسَ مَا شَرَوْا بِهِ أَنْفُسَهُمْ لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ. وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ آمَنُوا وَاتَّقَوْا لَمَثُوبَةٌ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ.
Indeed, they learn what harms them and brings them no profit. They knew full well that whoever contracted such a deal would have no share in the life to come. Vile indeed is what they had sold their souls for, if they but knew it! Had they embraced the faith and been God- fearing, God’s reward would have been far better for them, if they but knew it.” (Verses 102- 103)
وَنَبَذُوا كُتُبَ اللهِ الَّتِي جَاءَتْ مُصَدِّقَةً لِكُتُبِهِمْ، وَاتَّبَعُوا الْأَسَاطِيرَ وَالْخُرَافَاتِ الَّتِي رَوَجَتْهَا الشَّيَاطِينُ فِي عَهْدِ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَالَّتِي زَعَمَتْ زُورًا أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَمَارِسُ السِّحْرَ وَالشَّعْوَذَةَ، وَأَنَّ جَمِيعَ قُوَاهُ الْخَارِقَةِ مَرَدُّهَا إِلَيْهِمَا.
They abandoned Divine revelations which had come to confirm their Scriptures and gave credence to myths and legends from the time of Solomon, which falsely asserted that he practised sorcery and witchcraft and owed all his extraordinary powers to them.
طبيعة السحر
The Nature Of Magic
يُعدّ السحر والشعوذة والكهانة ما زالت تستهوي كثيرًا من الناس اليوم، بينما ينخدع به كثيرون آخرون بما يبدو على ممارسيه من قدرات خارقة.
Black magic, sorcery and witchcraft still hold deep fascination for many people today, while many others are taken in by the seemingly extraordinary powers of their practitioners.
إنّ من الحقّ أنّ بعض الأفراد يُلاحَظ عليهم امتلاكُ قدراتٍ أو مَلَكاتٍ خاصّةٍ لا تُفسِّرها الأدلّةُ العلميّة. ولم يستطع العلمُ أن يتجاوز حدودَ وصفِ بعضِ هذه الظواهر، مثل التخاطُر، وهو الاتصالُ المزعومُ بنقل الأفكار أو الخواطر بغير الحواسّ المعروفة؛ والتنويمِ المغناطيسيّ، وهو النومُ الاصطناعيّ أو الحالةُ الشبيهةُ بالنوم التي لا يستجيب فيها الشخصُ إلّا للإيحاء الخارجيّ.
It is true that some individuals are seen to possess special powers or abilities not explained by scientific evidence. Science has not been able to go farther than giving a description of some of these phenomena such as telepathy, the supposed communication of thoughts or ideas other than by the known senses; and hypnosis, artificially produced sleep or the sleep-like state in which the subject acts only on external suggestion.
بَيْدَ أَنَّ العِلْمَ، مَعَ اعْتِرَافِهِ بِهَذِهِ القُوَى وَإِقْرَارِهِ بِوُجُودِهَا وَآثَارِهَا، لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ أَنْ يُقَدِّمَ تَفْسِيرَاتٍ مُقْنِعَةً تُبَيِّنُ مَاهِيَّتَهَا أَوْ كَيْفِيَّةَ نَشْأَتِهَا.
While recognizing these powers and acknowledging their existence and effects, science has not been able to offer any satisfactory explanations as to what they are or how they come about.
هذا بالطبع ينطبق على العديد من الظواهر النفسية الأخرى التي يختلف فيها العلماء، ولا يزال العلم عاجزاً عن فهمها، إما لعدم وجود أدلة علمية عليها، أو لأن هذه الظواهر لا يمكن التحقق منها بالمناهج التجريبية. ومن هذه الظواهر الرؤى المنذرة أو «الاستشرافية» التي تُخبر بالمستقبل، والتي لم يستطع سيغموند فرويد، مؤسس التحليل النفسي الحديث، المعروف برفضه للقوى الروحية، أن ينفيها أو يُنكرها. فكيف يُمكن لبعض الناس أن يُحسّوا بالأحداث المستقبلية ويُدركوها قبل وقوعها بزمن طويل؟
This, of course, applies to numerous other psychic phenomena over which scientists are in dispute and which science is still unable to understand, either through lack of scientific evidence or because such phenomena cannot be verified by empirical methods. One such method is premonitory or “prospective” dreams which foretell the future and which Sigmund Freud, the founder of modern psychoanalysis who was well known for his rejection of spiritual powers, was not able to dismiss or deny. How is it possible that some people are able to sense and identify future events long before they actually occur?
من التسرّع والتعصّب أن تُرفض هذه القوى الإدراكية الخارقة للحسّ بالكامل لمجرد أن العلم لم يستطع فهمها أو تفسيرها.