إبراهیم (ایک پیغام تمام انسانیت کے لیے)1-27
Ibrahim (One Message for All Mankind)1-27
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
In the Name of God, the Lord of Grace, the Ever Merciful.
الٓرٰ۔ كِتَابٌ أَنزَلْنَاهُ إِلَيْكَ لِتُخْرِجَ النَّاسَ مِنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ إِلَىٰ صِرَاطِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ
Alif Lām. Rā. This is a book which We have bestowed on you from on high so that you might bring forth all mankind, by their Lord’s leave, from darkness into the light, to the path of the Almighty, the One to whom all praise is due, (1)
لِلَّهِ الَّذِي لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ، وَوَيْلٌ لِلْكَافِرِينَ مِنْ عَذَابٍ شَدِيدٍ (2)
to God, to whom all that is in the heavens and all that is on earth belongs. Woe to the unbelievers; for theirs will be a severe suffering. (2)
أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ يُحِبُّونَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا عَلَى الْآخِرَةِ وَيَصُدُّونَ عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَيَبْغُونَهَا عِوَجًا ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ فِي ضَلَالٍ بَعِيدٍ (٣)
These are the ones who love the life of this world preferring it to the life to come, and who turn others away from God’s path and try to make it appear crooked. They have gone far astray. (3)
{وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِن رَّسُولٍ إِلَّا بِلِسَانِ قَوْمِهِ لِيُبَيِّنَ لَهُمْ ۖ فَيُضِلُّ اللَّهُ مَن يَشَاءُ وَيَهْدِي مَن يَشَاءُ ۚ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ} (٤)
Never have We sent a messenger otherwise than speaking the language of his own people, so that he might make [the truth] clear to them. But God lets go astray whomever He wills, and guides whomever He wills. He is Almighty, truly Wise. (4)
وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا مُوسَىٰ بِآيَاتِنَا أَنْ أَخْرِجْ قَوْمَكَ مِنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ وَذَكِّرْهُمْ بِأَيَّامِ اللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِكُلِّ صَبَّارٍ شَكُورٍ ﴿٥﴾
We have sent forth Moses with Our revelations, saying, ‘Lead your people out of darkness into the light, and remind them of the Days of God.’ Surely in this there are signs for everyone who is patient in adversity and deeply grateful [to God]. (5)
وَقَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوْمِهِ: ﴿اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ أَنجَاكُم مِّنْ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ يَسُومُونَكُمْ سُوءَ الْعَذَابِ وَيُذَبِّحُونَ أَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَيَسْتَحْيُونَ نِسَاءَكُمْ ۚ وَفِي ذَٰلِكُم بَلَاءٌ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ عَظِيمٌ﴾ (6)
Moses said to his people: ‘Remember the blessings God bestowed on you when He saved you from Pharaoh’s people who afflicted you with grievous torment, slaughtered your sons and spared [only] your women. That was indeed an awesome trial from your Lord. (6)
وَإِذْ تَأَذَّنَ رَبُّكُمْ لَئِن شَكَرْتُمْ لَأَزِيدَنَّكُمْ وَلَئِن كَفَرْتُمْ إِنَّ عَذَابِي لَشَدِيدٌ (7)
For your Lord had declared: “If you are grateful, I shall certainly give you more; but if you are ungrateful, then My punishment shall be severe indeed.’” (7)
وَقَالَ مُوسَىٰ: ﴿إِن تَكْفُرُوا أَنتُمْ وَمَن فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَغَنِيٌّ حَمِيدٌ﴾ (٨)
And Moses said: ‘If you and whoever lives on earth were to deny God, [know that] God is indeed Self-Sufficient, worthy of all praise.’ (8)
أَلَمْ يَأْتِكُمْ نَبَأُ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ قَوْمِ نُوحٍ وَعَادٍ وَثَمُودَ وَالَّذِينَ مِن بَعْدِهِمْ لَا يَعْلَمُهُمْ إِلَّا اللَّهُ جَاءَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُم بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ فَرَدُّوا أَيْدِيَهُمْ فِي أَفْوَاهِهِمْ وَقَالُوا إِنَّا كَفَرْنَا بِمَا أُرْسِلْتُم بِهِ وَإِنَّا لَفِي شَكٍّ مِّمَّا تَدْعُونَنَا إِلَيْهِ مُرِيبٍ (٩)
Have you not received accounts of what befell those who lived before you? The people of Noah, the `Ād, and Thamūd, and those who came after them? None knows them all but God. Their messengers came to them with clear evidence of the truth, but they put their hands to their mouths, and said: ‘We disbelieve in that with which you have been sent, and we are in grave doubt about that to which you call us.’ (9)
قَالَتْ رُسُلُهُمْ أَفِي اللَّهِ شَكٌّ فَاطِرِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ
Said the messengers sent to them: ‘Can there be any doubt about God, the Originator of the heavens and the earth?
يَدْعُوكُمْ لِيَغْفِرَ لَكُم مِّن ذُنُوبِكُمْ وَيُؤَخِّرَكُمْ إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى ۚ قَالُوا إِنْ أَنتُمْ إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِّثْلُنَا تُرِيدُونَ أَن تَصُدُّونَا عَمَّا كَانَ يَعْبُدُ آبَاؤُنَا فَأْتُونَا بِسُلْطَانٍ مُّبِينٍ ﴿١٠﴾
He calls you, so that He may forgive you your sins and grant you respite for an appointed term.’ They replied: ‘You are but mortals like ourselves. You want to turn us away from what our forefathers used to worship. Bring us, then, a clear proof.’ (10)
قَالَتْ لَهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ إِن نَّحْنُ إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِّثْلُكُمْ وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَمُنُّ عَلَىٰ مَن يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ ۖ وَمَا كَانَ لَنَا أَن نَّأْتِيَكُم بِسُلْطَانٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ
Their messengers replied: ‘We are indeed but mortals like yourselves. But God bestows His grace on whomever He wills of His servants. It is not within our power to bring you any proof, except by God’s leave.
وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ (١١)
It is in God that all believers must place their trust. (11)
وَمَا لَنَا أَلَّا نَتَوَكَّلَ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَقَدْ هَدَانَا سُبُلَنَا ۚ وَلَنَصْبِرَنَّ عَلَىٰ مَا آذَيْتُمُونَا ۚ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُتَوَكِّلُونَ (12)
And why should we not place our trust in God, when He has guided us on our paths? Hence we will bear with patience all your persecution. In God alone let all the faithful place their trust.’ (12)
قَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِرُسُلِهِمْ
The unbelievers said to their messengers:
﴿لَنُخْرِجَنَّكُم مِّنْ أَرْضِنَا أَوْ لَتَعُودُنَّ فِي مِلَّتِنَا﴾ فَأَوْحَىٰ إِلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ
‘We shall most certainly expel you from our land, unless you return to our ways.’ Their Lord revealed this to His messengers:
لَنُهْلِكَنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ
‘Most certainly shall We destroy the wrongdoers, (13)
ولَنُسْكِنَنَّكُمُ الْأَرْضَ مِن بَعْدِهِمْ
and most certainly shall We cause you to dwell in the land long after they are gone.
هَذَا مَا تُوعَدُونَ لِكُلِّ أَوَّابٍ حَفِيظٍ Note: The English text appears to be a translation of Qur'an 50:32 ("This is what you were promised, [this is] for every returner [to Allah] and keeper [of His covenant]"), and the rendering that follows reflects the Qur'an's wording where it is a verse. Since you asked for a faithful translation of the given text, here is the translation of the given text itself: هَذَا وَعْدِي لِكُلِّ مَنْ خَافَ مَقَامِي وَخَافَ وَعِيدِ
This [I promise] to all who stand in awe of My presence, and stand in awe of My warnings.’ (14)
وَاسْتَفْتَحُوا وَخَابَ كُلُّ جَبَّارٍ عَنِيدٍ (١٥)
And they prayed for God’s help and victory [for the truth]. And every powerful, obstinate enemy of the truth shall come to grief. (15)
مِن وَرَائِهِ جَهَنَّمُ وَيُسْقَىٰ مِن مَّاءٍ صَدِيدٍ
Behind him stretches hell where he shall be made to drink putrefied water, (16)
يَتَجَرَّعُهُ وَلَا يَكَادُ يُسِيغُهُ وَيَأْتِيهِ الْمَوْتُ مِن كُلِّ مَكَانٍ وَمَا هُوَ بِمَيِّتٍ وَمِن وَرَائِهِ عَذَابٌ غَلِيظٌ
gulping it little by little, and yet hardly able to swallow it. Death will beset him from every side, yet he shall not die. More severe suffering still awaits him. (17)
مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِرَبِّهِمْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ كَرَمَادٍ اشْتَدَّتْ بِهِ الرِّيحُ فِي يَوْمٍ عَاصِفٍ ۖ لَا يَقْدِرُونَ مِمَّا كَسَبُوا عَلَىٰ شَيْءٍ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ الضَّلَالُ البَعِيدُ (18)
The works of those who disbelieve in their Lord are like ashes which the wind blows about fiercely on a stormy day. They cannot achieve any benefit from all that they might have earned. This [disbelief] is indeed going very far astray. (18)
أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ بِالْحَقِّ ۚ إِنْ يَشَأْ يُذْهِبْكُمْ وَيَأْتِ بِخَلْقٍ جَدِيدٍ
Do you not see that God has created the heavens and the earth in accordance with the truth. If He so wills, He can do away with you and bring into being a new creation. (19)
وَهُوَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرٌ (٢٠)
This is no difficult thing for God. (20)
وَيَوْمَ يَبْرُزُونَ لِلَّهِ جَمِيعًا فَقَالَ الضُّعَفَاءُ لِلَّذِينَ اسْتَكْبَرُوا إِنَّا كُنَّا لَكُمْ تَبَعًا فَهَلْ أَنتُم مُّغْنُونَ عَنَّا مِنْ عَذَابِ اللَّهِ مِن شَيْءٍ ۚ قَالُوا لَوْ هَدَانَا اللَّهُ لَهَدَيْنَاكُمْ ۚ سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْنَا أَجَزِعْنَا أَمْ صَبَرْنَا مَا لَنَا مِن مَّحِيصٍ
They will all appear before God, and then the weak will say to those who acted with arrogance: ‘We were your followers: can you relieve us of something of God’s punishment?’ [And the others] will reply: ‘Had God given us guidance, we would have guided you. It is now all one for us whether we grieve impatiently or endure with patience.
«لَا مَفَرَّ لَنَا الْآنَ». (21)
There is no escape for us now.’ (21)
وَقَالَ الشَّيْطَانُ لَمَّا قُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَعَدَكُمْ وَعْدَ الْحَقِّ وَوَعَدْتُكُمْ فَأَخْلَفْتُكُمْ ۖ وَمَا كَانَ لِيَ عَلَيْكُم مِّن سُلْطَانٍ إِلَّا أَن دَعَوْتُكُمْ فَاسْتَجَبْتُمْ لِي ۖ فَلَا تَلُومُونِي وَلُومُوا أَنفُسَكُم ۖ مَّا أَنَا بِمُصْرِخِكُمْ وَمَا أَنتُم بِمُصْرِخِيَّ ۖ إِنِّي كَفَرْتُ بِمَا أَشْرَكْتُمُونِ مِن قَبْلُ ۗ إِنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ﴿٢٢﴾
And when everything will have been decided, Satan will say: ‘God has made you a true promise. I, too, made promises to you, but I did not keep them. Yet I had no power at all over you, except that I called you and you responded to me. Hence, do not now blame me, but blame yourselves. It is not for me to respond to your cries, nor for you to respond to mine. I have already disclaimed your associating me with God.’ Indeed, for all wrongdoers there is grievous suffering in store. (22)
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ يُدْخِلُهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ ۚ تَحِيَّتُهُمْ فِيهَا سَلَامٌ ٢٣
Those who believe and do righteous deeds will be admitted to gardens through which running waters flow, wherein they will abide, by their Lord’s leave. Their greeting shall be: ‘Peace’. (23)
أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا كَلِمَةً طَيِّبَةً كَشَجَرَةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ أَصْلُهَا ثَابِتٌ وَفَرْعُهَا فِي السَّمَاءِ
Do you not see how God compares a good word to a good tree? Its roots are firm and its branches reach to the sky. (24)
تُؤْتِي أُكُلَهَا كُلَّ حِينٍ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهَا ۗ وَيَضْرِبُ اللَّهُ الْأَمْثَالَ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ ﴿٢٥﴾
It yields its fruits at all times by its Lord’s leave. Thus does God set parables for people so that they may reflect. (25)
وَمَثَلُ كَلِمَةٍ خَبِيثَةٍ كَشَجَرَةٍ خَبِيثَةٍ اجْتُثَّتْ مِنْ فَوْقِ الْأَرْضِ مَا لَهَا مِنْ قَرَارٍ (26)
And an evil word is like a corrupt tree, torn up onto the face of the earth. It cannot have a stable position. (26)
يُثَبِّتُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِالْقَوْلِ الثَّابِتِ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ ۚ وَيُضِلُّ اللَّهُ الظَّالِمِينَ ۚ وَيَفْعَلُ اللَّهُ مَا يَشَاءُ
God will strengthen the believers through the true, unshakeable word in both this life and the life to come; but the wrongdoers God lets go astray. God does whatever He wills. (27)
من الظلمات إلى النور
From Darkness Into Light
{الٓرٓ۔ كِتَابٌ أَنزَلْنَاهُ إِلَيْكَ مِن لَّدُنْ حَكِيمٍ} ... hold on, the verse text is given in the user's message, so I translate it as written. الٓرٰ۔ هٰذَا كِتَابٌ أَنزَلْنَاهُ إِلَيْكَ ﷺ مِنَ اَلسَّمَاءِ العُلْوِيَّةِ۔ (الآية ١)
“Alif. Lām. Rā. This is a book which We have bestowed on you from on high.” (Verse 1)
هذا الكتاب، الذي يتألف من كلمات مكوّنة من حروف كهذه، ليس من تأليفك بالتأكيد. لقد أُنزل إليك لغاية محددة: ﴿لِتُخْرِجَ النَّاسَ مِنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ﴾ (الآية 1). إنّ دورك هو أن تُخرج البشرية من أعماق الظلمات التي غرقت فيها، ظلمات الخرافات والأنظمة والتقاليد المتناقضة؛ وظلمات الاعتقاد بآلهة مزعومة، والمفاهيم والقيم والمعايير الباطلة.
This book which consists of words made up of letters like these is one which you certainly have not authored. It has been revealed to you for a definite purpose, “so that you might bring forth all mankind, by their Lord’s leave, from darkness into the light.” (Verse 1) Your role is to take mankind out of the depths of darkness into which they have sunk, the darkness of superstition, conflicting systems and traditions; the darkness of believing in alleged deities, and false concepts, values and standards.
لتُخرِجَهم، أي البشرَ جميعًا، إلى النورِ الحقيقيِّ الذي يُزيلُ كلَّ ظلامٍ. وهذا النورُ لا يَقتصرُ على إزالةِ الظلامِ من ضمائرِ الناسِ وعقولِهم فحسب، بل يُؤثِّرُ في حياتِهم عمومًا، فيُرسي لهم قِيَمًا جديدةً وتقاليدَ جديدةً.
You are to bring them, i.e. all of mankind, into the real light which removes all darkness. Not only does this light dispel all darkness from people’s consciences and minds, it also affects their lives generally, setting for them new values and traditions.
الإيمان المبني على توحيد الله نورٌ يُشرق في القلب الإنساني، فيُضيء الإنسان كله أيضًا. إنّ الإنسان خُلق من طينٍ بارد نفخ اللهُ فيه من روحه. فإذا تخلّى عن نور هذه النفخة الروحية عاد طينًا مظلمًا، وصار كتلةً من اللحم والدم كالحيوان. فإنما اللحم والدم وحدهما من طين الأرض. وبهذه النفخة من روح الله ينتشر النور عليه، ثم يُظهره الإيمان في كامل بهائه. وبه تتفتّح كتلةُ اللحم والدم.
Faith based on God’s oneness is a light that shines within the human heart, to make the whole human being shine as well. Man is created out of cold clay in which God has blown of His spirit. Should he abandon the light of this breath of spirit, he turns back into dark clay, and becomes a mass of flesh and blood like an animal. It is indeed the flesh and blood alone that are made of the earth’s clay. It is with this breath from God’s spirit that light spreads over it. Then faith makes it appear in its full glory. With it the mass of flesh and blood blooms.
الإيمانُ نورٌ يُضيءُ القلبَ فيُبصرَ الطريقَ المؤدّيَ إلى اللهِ، واضحًا لا يشوبُه التباسٌ بسببِ الخرافةِ أو الأهواءِ، ولا يُضلّلُه وهمٌ مُغرٍ أو طمعٌ. فإذا أبصرتِ النفسُ الإنسانيةُ الطريقَ أمامَها بهذا الوضوحِ، مَضَتْ فيه بخطًى ثابتةٍ، دونَ تردّدٍ.
بلغتهم الخاصة
In Their Own Language
﴿وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِن رَّسُولٍ إِلَّا بِلِسَانِ قَوْمِهِ لِيُبَيِّنَ لَهُمْ﴾ (الآية 4). وهذه نعمةٌ يمنّ الله بها على الناس مع كل رسالةٍ يُرسلها إليهم. فحتى يتمكّن الرسول من إخراج الناس من الظلمات إلى النور بإذن ربّهم، لا بدّ أن تُعطى له رسالته بلغة قومه، وبذلك يستطيع أن يبيّن لهم رسالة الله. وهكذا تتحقق مقاصد الرسالة.
“Never have We sent a messenger otherwise than speaking the language of his own people, so that he might make [the truth] clear to them.” (Verse 4) This is a blessing God grants to people with every message He sends to them. For a messenger to be able to bring people out of darkness into light, by their Lord’s leave, he must be given his message in his own people’s language. This is how he is then able to explain God’s message to them. It is how the objectives of the message are fulfilled.
مع أنّ النبيّ محمدًا ﷺ رسولٌ إلى الناس كافّةً، فقد أُعطي رسالتَه بلغةِ قومِه ليُبيّنَ لهم الأمورَ، فهم الذين سيُبلّغون رسالتَه إلى سائرِ الناس، فإنّ حياتَه محدودةٌ بعد كل شيء. ولذلك أُمر أن يدعوَ قومَه أولًا حتى تصيرَ جزيرةُ العرب خالصةً للإسلام، فتؤدّيَ دورَها بعد ذلك بوصفها المكانَ الذي تُحمل منه الرسالةُ الإلهيةُ الأخيرةُ إلى سائرِ العالم. وما وقع في الواقع، كما قدّر الله العليمُ بكل شيء، أن توفّي النبيُّ ﷺ حين صار الإسلامُ دينَ جزيرةِ العرب كلِّها. وقد جهّز النبيُّ ﷺ جيشًا بقيادة أسامةَ ليُرسَلَ إلى المناطقِ المتاخمةِ لجزيرةِ العرب، لكنّ النبيَّ ﷺ توفّي قبل أن يبدأَ الجيشُ مسيرَه. صحيحٌ أنّ النبيَّ ﷺ أرسل كتبَه ورسلَه إلى رؤساءِ الدولِ خارجَ جزيرةِ العرب يدعوهم إلى قبول رسالةِ الإسلام، ويبيّن أنّ رسالتَه موجهةٌ إلى الناس كافّةً. غير أنّ ما قدّره الله له، بما يتّفق مع محدودية عمرِ الإنسان، هو أنّ محمدًا ﷺ بلّغ رسالتَه إلى قومِه بلغتهم، ثم أتمّ المهمةَ الذين حملوا رسالتَه إلى الجماعاتِ الأخرى في شتى أنحاءِ العالم. ومن ثَمّ فلا تناقضَ بين كون رسالتِه موجهةً إلى البشريةِ جمعاءَ، وكونِها قد جاءت باللغة العربية، لغةِ قومه.
Although the Prophet Muĥammad is a Messenger to all mankind, he is given his message in his own people’s language, so that he can explain matters to them. They are the ones who would be conveying his message to the rest of mankind. His own life is, after all, limited. Therefore, he is commanded to call first on his own people so that the Arabian Peninsula becomes purely Muslim. It will then fulfil its role as the place from which the final divine message is carried to the rest of the world. What happened in practice, as God, who knows everything, determined, was that the Prophet passed away when Islam became the religion in the whole of Arabia. The Prophet raised an army under the command of Usāmah to be dispatched to areas bordering on Arabia, but the Prophet (peace be upon him) died before the army began its march. It is true that the Prophet sent his letters and emissaries to the heads of countries outside Arabia, calling on them to accept the message of Islam, and making it clear that his message was addressed to all mankind. However, what God determined for him, which fits with the limited duration of human life, is that Muĥammad (peace be upon him) delivered his message to his own people in their own language. Then the task was completed by those who carried his message to other communities all over the world. Hence, there is no contradiction between his message being addressed to all humanity, and its being expressed in Arabic, the language of his own people.
تذكيرٌ بنِعَمِ الله
A Reminder Of God’s Favours
بدأ موسى عليه السلام يؤدي مهمته ويذكّر قومه. قال موسى لقومه:
Moses began to fulfil his task and remind his people. “Moses said to his people:
اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ أَنجَاكُم مِّنْ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ يَسُومُونَكُمْ سُوءَ الْعَذَابِ يُذَبِّحُونَ أَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَيَسْتَحْيُونَ نِسَاءَكُمْ
‘Remember the blessings God bestowed on you when He saved you from Pharaoh’s people who afflicted you with grievous torment, slaughtered your sons and spared [only] your women.
وَفِي ذَٰلِكُم بَلَاءٌ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ عَظِيمٌ ﴿٤٩﴾ "وَفِي ذٰلِكُم بَلَاءٌ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ عَظِيمٌ" — وفيه نعمة عظيمة من ربكم... ... لقد أوّل عليهم في ذلك الأمر الذي كان فيه بلاء عظيم، فذكّرهم أولاً بنعمة الله عليهم إذ أنجاهم من العذاب الشديد الذي أنزله بهم فرعون وقومه. وكان ذلك العذاب يقع عليهم مراراً وتكراراً مع قلة الفُسحة بينها. ومن أشنع صور ذلك العذاب أن يُذبَح الذكور دون الإناث، وذلك وسيلةً لمنعهم من التكاثر.
That was indeed an awesome trial from your Lord.’“ (Verse 6) He reminds them first of God’s grace when he delivered them from the great torment inflicted on them by Pharaoh’s people. That torment was visited on them time after time, with little reprieve. One of the ghastlier features of that torment was the killing of the male but not the female population as a means of preventing them from increasing in number.
هَدَفَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى ضَمَانِ بَقَائِهِمْ ضُعَفَاءَ وَمَقْهُورِينَ. وَكَانَ إِنْقَاذُ اللهِ لَهُمْ مِنْ كُلِّ ذَلِكَ عَمَلًا عَظِيمًا يُبَيِّنُ فَضْلَهُ وَنِعْمَتَهُ. وَيَجِبُ أَنْ يُذْكَرَ ذَلِكَ بِالشُّكْرِ.
This aimed to ensure their continued weakness and subjugation. The fact that God saved them from all this was a great act demonstrating His grace. It should be remembered with gratitude.
"وَفِي ذَٰلِكُم بَلَاءٌ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ عَظِيمٌ" (الآية 6) وكان بلاؤهم يتمثل في العذاب الذي أنزله بهم فرعون، وكان وسيلةً لاختبار صبرهم وثباتهم ومثابرتهم وعزيمتهم. فالصبر لا يعني مجرد تحمّل المشقة، بل هو الاستمرار دون أن يتزعزعوا أو يُهزموا نفسياً، مع العزيمة على مواجهة الطغيان حتى تتحقق الحرية. أما الاحتمال الذي لا يعدو تحمّل الذل فلا يستحق الثناء. وقد ابتُلي بنو إسرائيل أيضاً بالنجاة من الطغيان، ليُختبر شكرهم لنعمة الله، وهو الشكر الذي ينبغي أن يظهر في السير على طريق هدايته.
“That was indeed an awesome trial from your Lord.” (Verse 6) Their trial consisted of the affliction visited on them by Pharaoh. It was a means to test their patience, resistance, perseverance and determination. Patience does not merely entail enduring hardship. It is rather endurance without being shaken or mentally defeated, coupled with the determination to stand up to tyranny until freedom is achieved. Endurance that only entails tolerating humiliation is not worthy of praise. The Israelites also experienced the trial of deliverance from tyranny, so as to test their gratitude for God’s grace, which should be reflected in following the path of His guidance.
حوار الرسل مع الكافرين
The Dialogue Between Messengers And Unbelievers
ثم يواصل موسى تذكيره، لكنه لم يعد يظهر في المشهد الذي تصوره السورة. وبدلاً من ذلك، يُرسم مشهد الصراع المحتدم بين الأمة التي تتبع الأنبياء ومجتمع الجاهلية الذي يكذّب الرسل ورسالاتهم معاً. وهذا جانب بديع من الأسلوب الرفيع للقرآن الكريم، إذ يبعث المشهد حياً، فيتحول من واقعة تاريخية يرويها راوٍ إلى مشهد حاضر تراه العيون، فنستمع إلى أهله وهم يتحاورون، ونرصد كل أفعالهم وردود أفعالهم. وفي هذا المشهد البانورامي تُمحى كل قيود الزمان والمكان.
Moses continues with his reminders, but now he no longer features in the scene painted in the sūrah. Instead, a picture is drawn of the raging battle between the community that follows the Prophets and jāhiliyyah society which denies the messengers and their messages alike. This is a remarkable aspect of the refined style of the Qur’ān which brings the scene alive, transforming it from a historical one that someone is reporting to an immediate one that we see in front of our eyes, able to listen to the people in it as they talk, and notice all their actions and reactions. In this panoramic scene, all limitations of time and space are done away with.
أَلَمْ يَأْتِكُمْ نَبَأُ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ قَوْمِ نُوحٍ وَعَادٍ وَثَمُودَ وَالَّذِينَ مِن بَعْدِهِمْ لَا يَعْلَمُهُمْ إِلَّا اللَّهُ جَاءَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُم بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ فَرَدُّوا أَيْدِيَهُمْ فِي أَفْوَاهِهِمْ وَقَالُوا إِنَّا كَفَرْنَا بِمَا أُرْسِلْتُم بِهِ وَإِنَّا لَفِي شَكٍّ مِّمَّا تَدْعُونَنَا إِلَيْهِ مُرِيبٍ (9)
Have you not received accounts of what befell those who lived before you? The people of Noah, the `Ād, and Thamūd, and those who came after them? None knows them all but God. Their messengers came to them with clear evidence of the truth, but they put their hands to their mouths, and said: ‘We disbelieve in that with which you have been sent, and we are in grave doubt about that to which you call us.’ (Verse 9)
هذه التذكرة يقدّمها موسى، ثم يتوارى خلف الكواليس، فتمضي السورة في سردها لما جرى لرسل الله وللرسالات عبر جميع عصور التاريخ، وللمواجهة بينهم وبين الجاهلية في حالاتها ومجتمعاتها المختلفة، ولمصير الذين كذّبوا بهذه الرسالات. وكأنّ موسى راوٍ يبدأ بالإشارة إلى الأحداث الرئيسية لتاريخٍ عظيم، ثم يترك أبطاله ليتولّوا تمثيل ذلك التاريخ، ويقولوا ما يشاؤون. وكثيرًا ما يُستخدم هذا الأسلوب في سرد القصة أو الخبر التاريخي في القرآن الكريم، وهو يعمل على إحياء الخبر التاريخي. نرى هنا رسلَ الله الكرام يتعاقبون، ويواجهون البشرية كلّها التي خضعت للجاهلية، وتتلاشى الفجوات بين الأجيال والأمم، بينما تبرز الحقائق الكبرى دون أن تكون مرتبطة بزمانٍ معيّن أو مكانٍ بعينه.
This reminder is made by Moses, but as he goes behind the scenes the sūrah continues with its account of what happened to God’s messengers and messages during all periods of history, and the confrontation between them and jāhiliyyah in its different states and societies, and the fate of those who denied these messages. It is as if Moses is a narrator who begins with a reference to the main events of a great history, before leaving its players to take over and enact that history, and say whatever they wish. This method of narrating a story or historical account is often employed in the Qur’ān. It serves to bring the historical account alive. We see here God’s noble messengers following one another, and confronting all mankind who had given in to jāhiliyyah. The gaps between generations and communities disappear, while the great truths stand out without being tied to a specific time or place.
الإيمان في مواجهة الظلم
Faith Versus Tyranny
أَمَّا إِقَامَةُ الْحُجَّةِ الْوَاضِحَةِ، وَهِيَ الْمُعْجِزَةُ أَوِ الْحَدَثُ الْخَارِقُ لِلْعَادَةِ، فَإِنَّ الرُّسُلَ يُبَيِّنُونَ لِأُمَمِهِمْ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ أَمْرٌ مُقَدَّرٌ بِاللهِ وَحْدَهُ. وَيَحْرِصُ الرُّسُلُ عَلَى أَنْ يُدْرِكَ النَّاسُ بِوُضُوحٍ تَامٍّ الْفَرْقَ بَيْنَ الأُلُوهِيَّةِ وَبَيْنَ كَوْنِهِمْ بَشَرًا فَانِينَ. وَهُمْ يُرِيدُونَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَفْهَمُوا الدَّلالَةَ الْحَقِيقِيَّةَ لِوَحْدَانِيَّةِ اللهِ الَّذِي لَا يُشْبِهُهُ أَحَدٌ فِي ذَاتِهِ وَصِفَاتِهِ. وَكَانَ غِيَابُ هَذَا الْوُضُوحِ مَصْدَرَ الِاضْطِرَابِ الْكَبِيرِ الَّذِي غَرِقَتْ فِيهِ الْمُعْتَقَدَاتُ الْوَثَنِيَّةُ، وَكَذَلِكَ الْمَفَاهِيمُ الكَنَسِيَّةُ الَّتِي امْتَزَجَتْ فِيهَا النَّصْرَانِيَّةُ بِمُعْتَقَدَاتِ الوَثَنِيَّةِ عِنْدَ الْيُونَانِ وَالرُّومَانِ وَالمِصْرِيِّينَ وَالهُنُودِ. وَكَانَ نُقْطَةُ الْبِدَايَةِ فِي هَذَا الِاضْطِرَابِ الَّذِي وَقَعَتْ فِيهِ النَّصْرَانِيَّةُ هُوَ إِسْنَادُ الْقُدْرَاتِ الخَارِقَةِ إِلَى عِيسَى نَفْسِهِ، فَأَدَّى ذَلِكَ إِلَى خَلْطٍ كَبِيرٍ بَيْنَ الذَّاتِ الإِلَهِيَّةِ وَبَيْنَ عَبْدِهِ عِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ).
As for producing clear proof, which means a miracle or some supernatural event, the messengers make it clear to their communities that this is something determined by God alone. The messengers try to make people realize very clearly the difference between Godhead and their own mortal beings. They want them to understand the true significance of the oneness of God who is unlike anyone else in nature and attributes. The lack of such clarity was the source of the great confusion into which pagan beliefs had sunk, as well as the church concepts which mixed Christianity with the pagan beliefs of Greece, Rome, Egypt and India. The starting point in this confusion into which Christianity had sunk was the attribution of supernatural powers to Jesus himself, leading to a great mix-up between the Divine Being and His servant, Jesus Christ (peace be upon him).
قالت الرسل بوضوح تام في موقفهم: {مَا كَانَ لَنَا أَن نَّأْتِيَكُم بِسُلْطَانٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ}. ولا نعتمد على قوة غير قوته هو.
The messengers made their position very clear: “It is not within our power to bring you any proof except by God’s leave.” We do not rely on any power other than His own:
"وَعَلَى اللهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ" (الآية ١١). يُعلِنُ الرُّسُلُ هذه الحقيقةَ بوصفها أمرًا دائمًا. فالمؤمنُ لا يضعُ ثقتَه في أحدٍ غيرِ الله، ولا يلجأُ إلى أحدٍ سواه طلبًا للعونِ أو السند، ولا يستجيرُ إلّا به.
“It is in God that all believers must place their trust.” (Verse 11) The messengers announce this as a permanent truth. A believer does not place his trust in anyone other than God. He turns to no one else for help or support, and he seeks refuge with none other than Him.
صلوات طلبِ عونِ الله
Prayers For God’s Support
يجب أن ندرك هنا أن القوة العليا لا تتدخل لحسم الأمر بين الرسل وأقوامهم حتى يعلن الرسل أنفسهم انفصالهم النهائي عن قومهم. وعلى المؤمنين أن يبيّنوا أنهم لن يعودوا إلى عادات قومهم القديمة بعد أن نجّاهم الله، وأن يصرّوا على أن لهم هويتهم الخاصة ومجتمعهم وقيادتهم المستقلة. وهذا يعني أن المجتمع ينقسم إلى قسمين مختلفين في العقيدة ونمط الحياة والقيادة والبنية. وعندها يتدخل الله لإهلاك الطغاة الذين يضطهدون المؤمنين، وعندها يُنجز الله وعده لرسله بنصرهم وتمكين المؤمنين في الأرض. ولن يحدث مثل هذا التدخل ما دام المؤمنون مندمجين في مجتمع غير إسلامي، يعملون من داخل مؤسساته، بل يجب أن تكون لهم أولاً هوية مستقلة وبنية وقيادة منفصلة.
We must realize here that the Supreme Power does not intervene to settle the issue between the messengers and their communities until the messengers themselves declare their final split with their people. The believers must make it clear that they will never return to their people’s old ways after God has saved them. They must also insist on having their own separate identity, society and leadership. This means that the community is split into two which differ in faith, lifestyle, leadership and structure. This is when God intervenes to destroy the despots who persecute the believers. This is when God fulfils His promise to His messengers to grant them victory and establish the believers on earth. Such intervention will never happen while the believers are integrated in un-Islamic society, working from within its institutions. They must first have their own identity and their own separate structure and leadership.
﴿وَأَوْحَىٰ إِلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُمْ لَنُهْلِكَنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ﴾ (الآية 13) هنا عبارة مؤكدة. وهي تزداد قوة بأسلوب التقديم والتأخير، وبالضمير الجمعي المنسوب إلى الله تعالى. وهي تتضمن وعدًا بإهلاك الطغاة الذين يهددون المؤمنين، وبتهديدهم يظلمون أنفسهم والحق ورسل الله وجميع الناس. ﴿وَلَنُسْكِنَنَّكُمُ الْأَرْضَ مِن بَعْدِهِمْ﴾ (الآية 14)
“Their Lord revealed this to His messengers: Most certainly shall We destroy the wrongdoers.” (Verse 13) Here we have an emphatic statement. Furthermore, it adds power through its use of inversion and the plural pronoun in reference to God. It asserts a promise to destroy the tyrants who threaten the believers and, by their threats, do wrong to themselves, the truth, God’s messengers and all people. “And most certainly shall We cause you to dwell in the land long after they are gone.” (Verse 14)
ليس هذا من باب المحاباة، بل هو عمل قانونٍ عادلٍ من قوانين الطبيعة التي أجراها الله تعالى.
This is not an act of favouritism, but the work of a fair law of nature that God has set in operation.
هذا [الوعد] لكل من خاف مقامي، وخاف وعيدي. (الآية ١٤) إن هذا الاستخلاف في الأرض بعد زوال الجبابرة موعود به أولئك الذين يتقون الله ولا يتكبرون ولا يستعلون استكبارًا.
سهلٌ على الله
So Easy For God
ومن التعليق اللائق بمصير الطغاة وما يُكابدونه من الشقاء أنه جزء من مشهد يصوّر حال الكافرين، مع تقرير قدرة الله التي تستطيع أن تُهلكهم جميعًا بسهولة وتستبدل بهم خلقًا جديدًا. وهذا المشهد يعقب المواجهة الأخيرة التي تقع في هذه الحياة.
The fitting comment on the destiny of tyrants and the misery they are made to suffer is part of a scene painting the situation of the unbelievers, with its assertion of God’s power, a power which can easily do away with them all and replace them with a new creation. This picture follows the last confrontation that takes place in this life.
تُسدَل الستائر هنا قبل أن تُفتح من جديد لتُظهِر ما يحدث للفريقين في الحياة الآخرة.
The curtains are drawn here before they open again to show what happens to both sides in the life to come.
﴿مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِرَبِّهِمْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ كَرَمَادٍ اشْتَدَّتْ بِهِ الرِّيحُ فِي يَوْمٍ عَاصِفٍ ۖ لَا يَقْدِرُونَ مِمَّا كَسَبُوا عَلَىٰ شَيْءٍ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ الضَّلَالُ الْبَعِيدُ﴾ (الآية 18) تُضْفِي صورةُ الرماد الذي تُذروه الريحُ في يومٍ عاصفٍ حركةً على الفكرة القائلة بأن أعمالَ الكافرين ستذهب هباءً. فلا يستطيع الناسُ أن يمسكوا بشيءٍ من أعمالهم، ولا أن ينتفعوا بها. وتُحدِثُ هذه الصورةُ أثرًا أعمقَ بكثيرٍ من أيِّ تعبيرٍ آخر يؤدي المعنى نفسه، وهو الخسارةُ التامة، بلغةٍ عقلية مجردة.
“The works of those who disbelieve in their Lord are like ashes which the wind blows about fiercely on a stormy day. They cannot achieve any benefit from all that they might have earned. This [disbelief] is indeed going very far astray.” (Verse 18) The image of ashes being blown about on a stormy day adds action to the concept that the unbelievers’ works will come to nothing. People cannot hold on to any part of their actions, or make use of them. This image gives a far more profound effect than any expression of the same meaning of total loss in intellectual terms.
هذا المشهد يعبّر عن حقيقة أساسية في ما يفعله الكافرون. فالأعمال التي لا أساس لها في الإيمان، ولا تضبطها تلك الرابطة التي تربط كل عمل بباعثه، وتربط ذلك الباعث بالله، تبقى مفككة، تفتقر إلى كيان متماسك، فتكون كالرماد أو كالذرات المتطايرة. وليست الأعمال نفسها هي ما يحمل القيمة الأعظم، بل النيّة التي تقف وراءها. فالفعل حركة آلية، أما الباعث عليه فهو ما يميّز الإنسان عن الآلة.
This scene expresses a basic truth about what the unbelievers do. Actions that have no basis in faith, and are not controlled by that bond relating every action to its motive, and relating that motive to God remain loose, lacking a solid entity. They are like ashes or flying particles. It is not the action itself that carries paramount value, but rather the motivation behind it. Action is a mechanical movement, but its motive is what differentiates man from machine.
المناقشات الحادّة بين الحلفاء
Acrimonious Exchanges Between Allies
في هذا الموضع من السورة نلحظ مستوى أعلى من الأسلوب الذي لا يُحاكى في القرآن الكريم، وما فيه من قوة التصوير والتعبير والتناسق بين المشاهد والمعاني. فقبل قليل رأينا الطغاة المستكبرين وقد لقوا مصيرهم المحتوم، مع صورة جهنم ماثلة خلفهم، وهم يُذاقون أشدّ خيبة لهم في هذه الحياة. والآن نراهم في يوم القيامة. وهو مشهد عجيب قوي في آنٍ واحد، مليء بالحركة والتفاعل والحوار بين الضعفاء والمستكبرين، وبين الفريقين وبين الشيطان.
At this point in the sūrah we note an even higher level of the inimitable style of the Qur’ān, and its power of imagery, expression and harmony between scenes and ideas. A short while ago we saw obstinate tyrants coming to grief, with an image of hell looming large behind them as they are made to suffer their greatest disappointment in this life. Now we see them on the Day of Judgement. It is at once an extraordinary and powerful scene, full of movement, reaction and dialogue between the weak and the powerful, and between both and Satan.
وَيَوْمَ يَبْرُزُونَ لِلَّهِ جَمِيعًا، فَقَالَ الضُّعَفَاءُ لِلَّذِينَ اسْتَكْبَرُوا: إِنَّا كُنَّا لَكُمْ تَبَعًا، فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ مُغْنُونَ عَنَّا مِنْ عَذَابِ اللَّهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ؟ قَالُوا: لَوْ هَدَانَا اللَّهُ لَهَدَيْنَاكُمْ، سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْنَا أَجَزِعْنَا أَمْ صَبَرْنَا، مَا لَنَا مِنْ مَحِيصٍ. وَقَالَ الشَّيْطَانُ لَمَّا قُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَعَدَكُمْ وَعْدَ الْحَقِّ، وَوَعَدْتُكُمْ فَأَخْلَفْتُكُمْ، وَمَا كَانَ لِيَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ سُلْطَانٍ إِلَّا أَنْ دَعَوْتُكُمْ فَاسْتَجَبْتُمْ لِي، فَلَا تَلُومُونِي وَلُومُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ، مَا أَنَا بِمُصْرِخِكُمْ وَمَا أَنْتُمْ بِمُصْرِخِيَّ، إِنِّي كَفَرْتُ بِمَا أَشْرَكْتُمُونِ مِنْ قَبْلُ، إِنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ. وَأُدْخِلَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ، تَحِيَّتُهُمْ فِيهَا سَلَامٌ. [سورة إبراهيم: 21-23]
They will all appear before God, and then the weak will say to those who acted with arrogance: ‘We were your followers: can you relieve us of something of God’s punishment?’ [And the others] will reply: Had God given us guidance, we would have guided you. It is now all one for us whether we grieve impatiently or endure with patience. There is no escape for us now.’ And when everything will have been decided, Satan will say: ‘God has made you a true promise. I, too, made promises to you, but I did not keep them. Yet I had no power at all over you, except that I called you and you responded to me. Hence, do not now blame me, but blame yourselves. It is not for me to respond to your cries, nor for you to respond to mine. I have already disclaimed your associating me with God.’ Indeed, for all wrongdoers there is grievous suffering in store. Those who believe and do righteous deeds will be admitted to gardens through which running waters flow, wherein they will abide, by their Lord’s leave. Their greeting shall be: Peace. (Verses 21-23)
الحقائق التي يجب مواجهتها
Realities That Must Be Faced
قد فُصل في الأمر، ولا يبقى مجالٌ للنقاش أو الجدال.
Matters have been settled and there can be no room for discussion or argument.
لقد أُظهر الجميع مكانهم في الآخرة. وعند هذه المرحلة نرى صورة لافتة: إنه الشيطان، الذي بذل كل ما في وسعه ليصرف الناس عن الحق ويحوّلهم نحو الضلال والباطل، هو الذي يوبّخ الضعفاء والطغاة معًا. وقد تبدو كلماته لهم أشدّ وقعًا من العذاب الذي سيواجهونه قريبًا: ﴿وَقَالَ الشَّيْطَانُ لَمَّا قُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَعَدَكُمْ وَعْدَ الْحَقِّ وَوَعَدتُّكُمْ فَأَخْلَفْتُكُمْ﴾.
Everyone has been shown their place in the life to come. But at this point we see a remarkable portrait: it is Satan, the one who did everything in his power to divert people away from the truth and turn them towards error and falsehood, who reproaches both the weak and the tyrants. His words may sound to them worse than the torture they will soon face: “And when everything will have been decided, Satan will say: ‘God has made you a true promise. I, too, made promises to you, but I did not keep them.
وَمَا كَانَ لِيَ عَلَيْكُم مِّن سُلْطَانٍ إِلَّا أَن دَعَوْتُكُمْ فَاسْتَجَبْتُمْ لِي ۖ فَلَا تَلُومُونِي وَلُومُوا أَنفُسَكُم ۖ مَّا أَنَا بِمُصْرِخِكُمْ وَمَا أَنتُم بِمُصْرِخِيَّ ۖ إِنِّي كَفَرْتُ بِمَا أَشْرَكْتُمُونِ مِن قَبْلُ ۗ إِنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
Yet I had no power at all over you, except that I called you and you responded to me. Hence, do not now blame me, but blame yourselves. It is not for me to respond to your cries, nor for you to respond to mine. I have already disclaimed your associating me with God.’ Indeed, for all wrongdoers there is grievous suffering in store.” (Verse 22)
يا له من مشهدٍ عجيب! إن الشيطان لشديد الخبث! تتجلى شخصيته هنا بأبرز صورها، كما رأينا الحقيقة الحقيقية للضعفاء والأقوياء. فالشيطان الذي كان يوسوس باستمرار، ويزيّن كل أنواع الإغراء، ويصرف الناس عن صوت الحق، ها هو يطعن أتباعه في ظهورهم. والآن، بعد أن قُضي الأمر، لا يستطيعون أي هجوم مضاد، بل لا يقدرون حتى على الرد عليه. فهو يقول الآن بعد أن فُصل في الأمر: ﴿وَقَالَ الشَّيْطَانُ لَمَّا قُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَعَدَكُمْ وَعْدَ الْحَقِّ وَوَعَدْتُكُمْ فَأَخْلَفْتُكُمْ ۖ وَمَا كَانَ لِيَ عَلَيْكُم مِّن سُلْطَانٍ إِلَّا أَن دَعَوْتُكُمْ فَاسْتَجَبْتُمْ لِي ۖ فَلَا تَلُومُونِي وَلُومُوا أَنفُسَكُم ۖ مَّا أَنَا بِمُصْرِخِكُمْ وَمَا أَنتُم بِمُصْرِخِيَّ﴾ (الآية 22). ثم يزيد في التقريع، فيلومهم على استجابتهم له مع أنه لم يكن له عليهم أي سلطان. إنهم هم من استسلموا له، ناسين كل العداوة القديمة بينهم وبين الشيطان؛ فاعتنقوا باطله، وتركوا رسالة الحق التي أرسلها الله إليهم.
What an amazing scene. Satan is truly devilish! His personality appears here in its most striking colours, just as we have seen the true character of the weak and the powerful. Satan who was the constant whisperer, presenting every type of temptation, turning people away from the voice of truth is now stabbing his followers in the back. Now that matters have been settled, they cannot make any counter attack. They cannot even reply to him. It is he who says now, after the issues have been decided: “God has made you a true promise. I, too, made promises to you, but I did not keep them.” (Verse 22) He goes on to rub it in, reproaching them for responding to him when he had no power over them. It is they who gave themselves up to him, forgetting all the old enmity between themselves and Satan. They embraced his falsehood and abandoned the message of truth God had sent them.
كلمةٌ لتقوية المؤمنين
A Word To Strengthen The Believers
بينما تبقى طبيعة القصة واحدة في كل عصر، يقف المؤمنون الذين يتبعون رسل الله في هذه الدنيا وجهاً لوجه أمام الجاهلية الطاغية، أو الجاهلية: "وَاسْتَفْتَحُوا وَخَابَ كُلُّ جَبَّارٍ عَنِيدٍ * مِّن وَرَائِهِ جَهَنَّمُ وَيُسْقَىٰ مِن مَّاءٍ صَدِيدٍ * يَتَجَرَّعُهُ وَلَا يَكَادُ يُسِيغُهُ" — إبراهيم: 15–17.
While the nature of the story is the same in every age, the believers who follow God’s messengers stand in this world face to face against tyrannical ignorance, or jāhiliyyah: “And they prayed for God’s help and victory [for the truth]. And every powerful, obstinate enemy of the truth shall come to grief. Behind him stretches hell where he shall be made to drink putrefied water, gulping it little by little, and yet hardly able to swallow it.
يَأْتِيهِ الْمَوْتُ مِن كُلِّ مَكَانٍ وَمَا هُوَ بِمَيِّتٍ ۚ وَمِن وَرَائِهِ عَذَابٌ غَلِيظٌ ١٧
Death will beset him from every side, yet he shall not die. More severe suffering still awaits him.” (Verses 15-17)
في حين يقع هذا في هذه الحياة الدنيا، تُصوَّر في السورة مشهدٌ من الآخرة يدور فيه حوارٌ غريب بين الطغاة المستكبرين، وأتباعهم الضعفاء، والشيطان. كما تصوِّر السورة المصائر المتباينة تباينًا كبيرًا للأخيار والأشرار، ثم تضرب مثلًا لما تكون عليه الكلمة الطيبة والكلمة الخبيثة. ويُبيّن ذلك جريان السنّة التي أودعها الله في الكون بشأن الخير والشر في الحياة. وهو كذلك تعقيبٌ أخير على القصة: ﴿أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا كَلِمَةً طَيِّبَةً كَشَجَرَةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ أَصْلُهَا ثَابِتٌ وَفَرْعُهَا فِي السَّمَاءِ * تُؤْتِي أُكُلَهَا كُلَّ حِينٍ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهَا وَيَضْرِبُ اللَّهُ الْأَمْثَالَ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ * وَمَثَلُ كَلِمَةٍ خَبِيثَةٍ كَشَجَرَةٍ خَبِيثَةٍ اجْتُثَّتْ مِنْ فَوْقِ الْأَرْضِ مَا لَهَا مِنْ قَرَارٍ * يُثَبِّتُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِالْقَوْلِ الثَّابِتِ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ وَيُضِلُّ اللَّهُ الظَّالِمِينَ وَيَفْعَلُ اللَّهُ مَا يَشَاءُ﴾ (الآيات 24-27).
While this takes place in this life, a scene of the hereafter is portrayed whereby an unusual conversation ensues between arrogant tyrants, their powerless followers and Satan. The sūrah also portrays the widely different destinies of good and evil people before providing an analogy of what good and bad words are like. This portrays the working of the law God has set in nature concerning good and evil in life. It also serves as a final comment on the story: “Do you not see how God compares a good word to a good tree? Its roots are firm and its branches reach to the sky. It yields its fruits at all times by its Lord’s leave. Thus does God set parables for people so that they may reflect. And an evil word is like a corrupt tree, torn up onto the face of the earth. It cannot have a stable position. God will strengthen the believers through the true, unshakeable word in both this life and the life to come; but the wrongdoers God lets go astray. God does whatever He wills.” (Verses 24-27)
الرُّسُلُ في مواجهة الكافرين
Messengers Versus Unbelievers
لا بُدَّ لنا هنا أن نتوقّف لنتأمّل في الحقائق الرئيسية في تاريخ رسل الله ومواجهتهم للجاهلية. وقد أشرنا إشارات موجزة إلى هذه الحقائق في تعليقنا، إلا أنها تستحق الآن مزيدًا من البحث والنقاش.
We need to pause here in order to reflect on the main facts in the history of God’s messengers and their encounter with jāhiliyyah. We have already made brief references to these in our commentary, but they now merit further discussion.
الحقیقة الأساسیة الأولى التی یخبرنا بها اللہ، فی حکمته المطلقة وعلمه الذی لا یعتریه نقص، هی أن موکب الإیمان قد سار منذ بدایة التاریخ البشری. وقد استمر هذا الموکب دون انقطاع، یقودہ رسل اللہ الذین نادوا بالحق نفسه وسلکوا المنهج نفسه. لقد دعوا إلى توحید اللہ، رب العالمین. ولم یشرک أحد منهم باللہ شیئًا قط، ولم یعتمد أحد منهم على غیر اللہ، ولم یلتمس العون من أحد سواه، ولم یتوجه إلى أحد غیره بالدعاء.
The first basic fact which God, in His absolute wisdom and faultless knowledge, tells us is that there has been a procession of faith ever since the beginning of human history. This procession has continued uninterrupted, led by God’s messengers who have advocated the same truth and followed the same method. They have advocated the oneness of God, the Lord of the universe. None of them has ever associated any partners with God. None relied on, or sought support from, or appealed to, anyone other than God.
هذا يعني أن الإيمان بالإله الواحد لم يأتِ تدريجياً، ولم يتطور من الاعتقاد بتعدد الآلهة، إلى الثنائية، ثم إلى مفهوم الإله الواحد، كما يزعم علماء الأديان المقارنة. وهذا الزعم القائل بأن الإنسان بدأ بعبادة الطواطم والأرواح والنجوم قبل أن يتقدم إلى عبادة إله واحد زعمٌ باطل. ولا يصح كذلك القول بأن هذا التقدم يوازي تقدم المعرفة الإنسانية والخبرة البشرية، أو تطور السلطة السياسية في المجتمع البشري. وكل هذه الدعاوى باطلة.
This means that faith in the One God has not come about progressively or developed from a belief in a multiplicity of deities, to dualism and then the concept of a single God, as claimed by scholars of Comparative Religion. This claim saying that man started with the worship of totems, spirits and stars before progressing to the worship of a single deity is false. Nor is it true to claim that such progress parallels the progress of human knowledge and experience, or the development of political power in human society. All such claims are false.
منذ بداية التاريخ، دعا رسلُ الله إلى الإيمان بالله، المعبودِ الوحيد. وقد تقرّر مبدأُ توحيد الله في صورته الكاملة في جميع الرسالات الإلهية. ولم تُدخل أيٌّ من هذه الرسالات أو الأديان الإلهية أيَّ تغيير أو تعديل على هذه الحقيقة. هذا ما أخبرنا به الله الذي يحيط علمُه بكل شيء.
Faith in God, the only deity to be worshipped, has been preached by God’s messengers ever since the beginning of history. The basic truth of God’s oneness was established in its full form in all divine messages. None of these messages or divine religions introduced any change in, or modification of, this truth. This is what we are told by God whose knowledge encompasses all things.
4 هذا المفهوم مناقَشٌ بالتفصيل في التفسير المتعلق بسورة هود (سورة 11)، المجلد التاسع، الصفحات 184-190
4 This concept is discussed at length in the commentary on Sūrah 11, Vol. IX, pp. 184-190
رسالة واحدة جاء بها جميع الرسل
One Message By All Messengers
سلسلةٌ طويلةٌ من رسلِ اللهِ دعت البشريةَ، منذ اليومِ الأولِ، إلى الإيمانِ برسالةٍ واحدةٍ تجسّدُ العقيدةَ ذاتَها. أما الجاهليةُ فقد واجهت هذه الدعوةَ إلى الإيمانِ برفضٍ من النوعِ نفسِه. ويصوّرُ القرآنُ هذه المواجهةَ دونَ اعتبارٍ لعنصري الزمانِ والمكانِ، ليُبيّنَ حقيقةَ أنّ مقاومةَ الدينِ الإلهيِّ لم تتغيّرْ عبرَ التاريخِ. وهذا في ذاته أمرٌ جديرٌ بالملاحظةِ البالغةِ. فالجاهليةُ واحدةٌ على مرِّ التاريخِ، وليست مرحلةً بعينِها من مراحلِ التاريخِ البشريِّ، بل هي حالةٌ ذهنيةٌ تُنتجُ عقيدةً، وبناءً اجتماعيًّا يقومُ عليها.
A long procession of God’s messengers called on humanity, right from the very first day, to believe in a single message embodying the same faith. Jāhiliyyah, on the other hand, confronted this call to faith with the same type of rejection. The Qur’ān portrays this confrontation, disregarding the elements of time and place, in order to show the fact that the resistance to the divine faith has not changed throughout history. This in itself is very noteworthy. Jāhiliyyah is the same throughout history. It is not a particular stage of human history. It is a state of mind giving rise to a belief and a social structure based on it.
إنّ حالة الجاهلية تقوم على خضوع فئة من الناس لفئة أخرى، وإضفاء صفات الألوهية على غير الله، أو إسناد الربوبية إلى أحد غير الله. وسواء أكان الناس يؤمنون بالشرك أم بتوحيدٍ يُقرّ بتعدد الأرباب، فإنهم يغرقون في حالة الجاهلية، أو ما يوصف في الاصطلاح الإسلامي بالجاهلية، بكل خصائصها الفرعية.
The state of ignorance, or jāhiliyyah, is based on the submission of one group of people to another, giving the qualities of Godhead to someone other than God, or assigning lordship to anyone other than God. Whether people believe in polytheism or in a monotheism that acknowledges a multiplicity of lords, they sink into a state of ignorance, or what is described in Islamic terminology as jāhiliyyah, with all its secondary characteristics.
إنَّ الرِّسالةَ التي يبلِّغُها رسلُ اللهِ تقومُ في جوهرِها على توحيدِ اللهِ وعلى رفضِ كلِّ الأربابِ المزعومةِ الباطلةِ. ويجبُ أن يكونَ الخضوعُ للهِ خالصًا تامًّا، فهو الربُّ الوحيدُ، وله وحدَه الحاكميةُ وجميعُ السلطانِ. ولذلك فهي في صدامٍ مباشرٍ مع الأساسِ الفكريِّ لمجتمعِ الجاهليةِ، وتشكِّلُ تهديدًا مباشرًا له. ويزدادُ هذا الأمرُ حدَّةً حينما تبدأُ الرسالةُ في تكوينِ جماعةٍ مستقلةٍ تستقطبُ أفرادَها من داخلِ ذلك المجتمعِ، فتمنحُهم عقائدَ جديدةً، وقيادةً جديدةً، وولاءاتٍ جديدةً. وهذا مسلكٌ طبيعيٌّ وأساسيٌّ تسيرُ عليه الديانةُ الإلهيةُ حتمًا.
The message preached by God’s messengers is essentially based on God’s oneness and the rejection of all false lords. Submission to God must be pure and complete. He is the only Lord, and to Him belongs sovereignty and all authority. Hence it is in direct conflict with the conceptual foundation of jāhiliyyah society, constituting a direct threat to it. This is especially so when the message begins to form a separate grouping that draws its members from within that society, giving them new beliefs and a new leadership and loyalties. This is a normal and essential line of action which divine religion inevitably follows.
أسلوبٌ بالغُ الرِّقّة والإتقان
A Style Of Exceptional Refinement
يُضاف هنا ملاحظة موجزة حول الأسلوب المستخدم في هذا المقطع. فعند هذا الموضع نجد أسلوب القرآن البالغ الجمال مبيّناً مسيرة الإيمان وهي تواجه الجاهلية الضالة عبر تاريخ الإنسانية. إنه جمال الحق: بسيط، طبيعي، واضح، واثق، مطمئن، قوي، وعميق: ﴿قَالَتْ رُسُلُهُمْ أَفِي اللَّهِ شَكٌّ فَاطِرِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ يَدْعُوكُمْ لِيَغْفِرَ لَكُم مِّن ذُنُوبِكُمْ وَيُؤَخِّرَكُمْ إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى﴾ قَالُوا إِنْ أَنتُمْ إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِّثْلُنَا تُرِيدُونَ أَن تَصُدُّونَا عَمَّا كَانَ يَعْبُدُ آبَاؤُنَا فَأْتُونَا بِسُلْطَانٍ مُّبِينٍ ﴿قَالَتْ لَهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ إِن نَّحْنُ إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مِّثْلُكُمْ وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَمُنُّ عَلَىٰ مَن يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ وَمَا كَانَ لَنَا أَن نَّأْتِيَكُم بِسُلْطَانٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ * وَمَا لَنَا أَلَّا نَتَوَكَّلَ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَقَدْ هَدَانَا سُبُلَنَا﴾
A brief note on the style employed in this passage should be added. It is at this juncture that we find the breathtakingly beautiful style of the Qur’ān demonstrating the procession of faith as it confronts erring jāhiliyyah throughout human history. It is the beauty of the truth: simple, natural, clear, confident, reassured, strong and profound: “Said the messengers sent to them: ‘Can there be any doubt about God, the Originator of the heavens and the earth? He calls you, so that He may forgive you your sins and grant you respite for an appointed term.’ They replied: ‘You are but mortals like ourselves. You want to turn us away from what our forefathers used to worship. Bring us, then, a clear proof’ Their messengers replied: ‘We are indeed but mortals like yourselves. But God bestows His grace on whomever He wills of His servants. It is not within our power to bring you any proof except by God’s leave. It is in God that all believers must place their trust. And why should we not place our trust in God, when He has guided us on our paths?
فَلَنَصْبِرَنَّ عَلَىٰ مَا آذَيْتُمُونَا ۚ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُتَوَكِّلُونَ (الآيات: ١٠-١٢)
Hence we will bear with patience all your persecution. In God let all the faithful place their trust.’“ (Verses 10-12)
نرى هنا جميع رسل الله يسيرون في موكب واحد، يواجهون الجاهلية التي هي واحدة في طبيعتها. وهذه الحقيقة الجوهرية تبقى قائمة رغم تبدل الظروف والأحوال. ويبلغ جمال الأسلوب القرآني ذروته حين يصف الحق المتجسد في الرسالة التي يبلغها الأنبياء، وصلته بالحق الكامن وراء وجود الكون: ﴿قَالَتْ رُسُلُهُمْ أَفِي اللَّهِ شَكٌّ فَاطِرِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ﴾ (الآية 10). ﴿وَمَا لَنَا أَلَّا نَتَوَكَّلَ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَقَدْ هَدَانَا سُبُلَنَا﴾ (الآية 12). ﴿أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ بِالْحَقِّ ۚ إِنْ يَشَأْ يُذْهِبْكُمْ وَيَأْتِ بِخَلْقٍ جَدِيدٍ وَمَا ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ بِعَزِيزٍ﴾ (الآيتان 19-20).
Here we see all God’s messengers marching in a single procession, confronting jāhiliyyah which is one in nature. This essential fact remains true despite the changing circumstances. The beauty of the Qur’ānic style is at its best where it describes the truth embodied in the message preached by the prophets as related to the truth behind the existence of the universe: “Said the messengers sent to them: Can there be any doubt about God, the Originator of the heavens and earth?” (Verse 10) “And why should we not place our trust in God, when He has guided us on our paths?” (Verse 12) “Do you not see that God has created the heavens and the earth in accordance with the truth. If He so wills, He can do away with you and bring into being a new creation. This is no difficult thing for God.” (Verses 19-20)