العنكبوت (مِثْلُ بَيْتِ العَنْكَبُوت) ١٤–٤٥
Al- Ankabut The Spider (Like A Spider’s Web) 14-45
وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِ فَلَبِثَ فِيهِمْ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ إِلَّا خَمْسِينَ عَامًا فَأَخَذَهُمُ الطُّوفَانُ وَهُمْ ظَالِمُونَ
We sent Noah to his people and he dwelt among them for a thousand years bar fifty; and then the floods overwhelmed them as they were deep in wrongdoing; (14)
فَأَنجَيْنَاهُ وَمَن مَّعَهُ فِي الْفُلْكِ وَجَعَلْنَاهَا آيَةً لِّلْعَالَمِينَ
but We saved him, together with all those who were in the ark, which We made as a sign for all people. (15)
وَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ لِقَوْمِهِ:
And Abraham said to his people:
اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاتَّقُوهُ ۖ ذَٰلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ
‘Worship God, and fear Him. This is best for you, if you but knew it! (16)
إِنَّمَا تَعْبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ أَوْثَانًا وَتَخْلُقُونَ إِفْكًا ۚ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَعْبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ لَا يَمْلِكُونَ لَكُمْ رِزْقًا فَابْتَغُوا عِندَ اللَّهِ الرِّزْقَ وَاعْبُدُوهُ وَاشْكُرُوا لَهُ ۖ إِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ
You worship only idols instead of God, and thus you create falsehood. Those that you worship instead of God do not have it in their power to provide sustenance for you. Seek, then, all sustenance from God, and worship Him alone and be grateful to Him. Indeed, to Him you shall return. (17)
إِنْ تُكَذِّبُوا فَقَدْ كَذَّبَ أُمَمٌ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ، وَمَا عَلَى الرَّسُولِ إِلَّا الْبَلَاغُ الْمُبِينُ.
If you disbelieve, other communities also disbelieved before your time. A messenger of God is not bound to do more than clearly deliver His message.
(18)
(18)
أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا كَيْفَ يُبْدِئُ اللَّهُ الْخَلْقَ ثُمَّ يُعِيدُهُ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرٌ
Are they not aware how God creates [life] in the first instance, and then brings it forth anew? This is indeed easy for God.
(19)
(19)
قُلْ سِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَانْظُرُوا كَيْفَ بَدَأَ الْخَلْقَ ۚ ثُمَّ اللَّهُ يُنْشِئُ النَّشْأَةَ الْآخِرَةَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ ﴿٢٠﴾
Say: ‘Go all over the earth and see how God has originated His creation in the first instance; and then He will certainly bring about the second life. Most certainly, God has the power over all things. (20)
يُعَذِّبُ مَن يَشَاءُ وَيَرْحَمُ مَن يَشَاءُ ۖ وَإِلَيْهِ تُقْلَبُونَ ﴿٢١﴾
He punishes whom He will, and bestows His mercy on whom He will. To Him you shall be made to return. (21)
وَلَنْ تُعْجِزُوا اللَّهَ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَا فِي السَّمَاءِ ۖ وَمَا لَكُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ ﴿٢٢﴾
And never can you elude Him, neither on earth nor in the skies. You have none to protect you from God and none to give you support.’ (22)
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَلِقَائِهِ أُولَٰئِكَ يَئِسُوا مِن رَّحْمَتِي وَأُولَٰئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
Those who deny God’s signs and the meeting with Him are indeed the ones who abandon all hope of My mercy. It is for these that grievous suffering awaits.
(23)
(23)
قَالُوا اقْتُلُوهُ أَوْ حَرِّقُوهُ
[Abraham’s] people’s only answer was:
"اقْتُلُوهُ أَوْ حَرِّقُوهُ!" فَأَنجَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنَ النَّارِ. إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ. Note on the response: this is a Qur'anic verse translation. Since the rules say not to add anything not in the original, and the original text is a translation of the Qur'an, I rendered it in Qur'anic wording (Surah al-'Ankabut, 29:24) with the verse marked by its own text.
‘Kill him, or burn him!’ But God saved him from the fire. In this there are signs for people who believe. (24)
وَقَالَ: ﴿إِنَّمَا اتَّخَذْتُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ أَوْثَانًا مَوَدَّةَ بَيْنِكُمْ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۖ ثُمَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَكْفُرُ بَعْضُكُم بِبَعْضٍ وَيَلْعَنُ بَعْضُكُم بَعْضًا ۖ وَمَأْوَاكُمُ النَّارُ وَمَا لَكُم مِّن نَّاصِرِينَ﴾ (25)
And he said: ‘You have taken for worship idols instead of God for no reason other than to have a bond of love between yourselves, in the life of this world. But, then, on Resurrection Day, you shall disown one another and curse one another; and your abode shall be the fire, and you will have none to support you.’ (25)
آمَنَ لُوطٌ بِهِ، وَقَالَ: ﴿إِنِّي مُهَاجِرٌ إِلَىٰ رَبِّي ۚ إِنَّهُ هُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ﴾ (26)
Lot believed in him. He said: ‘I shall emigrate for the sake of my Lord. He alone is Almighty, Wise.’ (26)
وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ إِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ، وَجَعَلْنَا فِي ذُرِّيَّتِهِ النُّبُوَّةَ وَالْكِتَابَ، وَآتَيْنَاهُ أَجْرَهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا، وَإِنَّهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ لَمِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ. (27)
We gave him Isaac and Jacob, and caused prophethood and revelation to continue among his offspring. We granted him his reward in this world; and, in the life to come, he will certainly be among the righteous. (27)
وَقَالَ لُوطٌ لِّقَوْمِهِ: { أَتَأْتُونَ الْفَاحِشَةَ مَا سَبَقَكُم بِهَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ مِّنَ الْعَالَمِينَ } (٢٨)
And Lot said to his people: ‘You certainly commit abominations such as none in all the worlds has ever committed before you. (28)
أَئِنَّكُمْ لَتَأْتُونَ الرِّجَالَ وَتَقْطَعُونَ السَّبِيلَ وَتَأْتُونَ فِي نَادِيكُمُ الْمُنكَرَ ۖ فَمَا كَانَ جَوَابَ قَوْمِهِ إِلَّا أَن قَالُوا ائْتِنَا بِعَذَابِ اللَّهِ إِن كُنتَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ ﴿٢٩﴾
Will you approach men [with lust], assault people on the highway, and commit shameful acts in your meeting places?’ But his people’s only response was to say: ‘Bring down upon us God’s punishment, if you truly are one who speaks the truth.’ (29)
قَالَ رَبِّ انْصُرْنِي عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْمُفْسِدِينَ
He said: ‘My Lord! Support You me against these people who spread corruption.’ (30)
وَلَمَّا جَاءَتْ رُسُلُنَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ بِالْبُشْرَىٰ قَالُوا إِنَّا مُهْلِكُو أَهْلِ هَٰذِهِ الْقَرْيَةِ ۖ إِنَّ أَهْلَهَا كَانُوا ظَالِمِينَ (31)
When Our [angel] messengers came to Abraham with happy news, they [also] said: ‘We are about to destroy the people of this town, for its people are truly wrongdoers.’ (31)
قَالَ إِنَّ فِيهَا لُوطًا ۚ قَالُوا نَحْنُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَن فِيهَا ۖ لَنُنَجِّيَنَّهُ وَأَهْلَهُ إِلَّا امْرَأَتَهُ كَانَتْ مِنَ الْغَابِرِينَ (32)
He said: ‘But Lot lives there!’ They answered: ‘We know fully well who is there. We shall certainly deliver him and his household, except his wife. She will indeed be among those who stay behind.’ (32)
فَلَمَّا جَاءَتْ رُسُلُنَا لُوطًا سِيءَ بِهِمْ وَضَاقَ بِهِمْ ذَرْعًا وَقَالُوا لَا تَخَفْ وَلَا تَحْزَنْ إِنَّا مُنَجُّوكَ وَأَهْلَكَ إِلَّا امْرَأَتَكَ كَانَتْ مِنَ الْغَابِرِينَ ﴿٣٣﴾
Then when Our messengers arrived at Lot’s, he was terribly grieved on their account and felt powerless to protect them; but they said: ‘Have no fear, and do not grieve. We shall certainly deliver you and your household, except your wife. She will indeed be among those who stay behind. (33)
إِنَّا مُنزِلُونَ عَلَىٰ أَهْلِ هَٰذِهِ الْقَرْيَةِ رِجْزًا مِّنَ السَّمَاءِ بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْسُقُونَ
We shall certainly bring down upon the people of this town a horror from heaven in requital of all their wicked deeds.’ (34)
وَجَعَلْنَاهَا آيَةً بَيِّنَةً لِّقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ
We made of it a clear sign for people who use their reason. (35)
وَإِلَىٰ مَدْيَنَ أَخَاهُمْ شُعَيْبًا ۚ فَقَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَارْجُوا الْيَوْمَ الْآخِرَ وَلَا تَعْثَوْا فِي الْأَرْضِ مُفْسِدِينَ ٣٦
And to the people of Madyan We sent their brother Shu`ayb, who said: ‘My people, worship God alone, and look forward to the Last Day, and do not act wickedly to spread corruption on earth.’ (36)
ولكنهم اتهموه بالكذب.
But they accused him of lying.
فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ الرَّجْفَةُ فَأَصْبَحُوا فِي دِيَارِهِمْ جَاثِمِينَ۔ (٣٧)
Thereupon an earthquake overtook them and the morning found them lying lifeless on the ground in their very homes. (37)
وَعَادًا وَثَمُودَ وَقَدْ تَبَيَّنَ لَكُم مِّن مَّسَاكِنِهِمْ ۖ وَزَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ أَعْمَالَهُمْ فَصَدَّهُمْ عَنِ السَّبِيلِ وَكَانُوا مُسْتَبْصِرِينَ
And the `Ād and Thamūd [We also destroyed]. This has been evident to you from their dwellings. Satan had made their evil deeds seem goodly to them, and thus had turned them away from the path [of God] despite their having had the ability to perceive the truth. (38)
وَقَارُونَ وَفِرْعَوْنَ وَهَامَانَ ۖ وَلَقَدْ جَاءَهُم مُّوسَىٰ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ فَاسْتَكْبَرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَمَا كَانُوا سَابِقِينَ ﴿٣٩﴾
And Qārūn [i.e. Korah], Pharaoh and Hāmān! Moses had come to them with all evidence of the truth, but they behaved with arrogance on earth. Indeed, they could not escape. (39)
فَكُلًّا أَخَذْنَا بِذَنْبِهِ ۖ فَمِنْهُم مَّنْ أَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِ حَاصِبًا وَمِنْهُم مَّنْ أَخَذَتْهُ الصَّيْحَةُ وَمِنْهُم مَّنْ خَسَفْنَا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ وَمِنْهُم مَّنْ أَغْرَقْنَا ۚ وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَظْلِمَهُمْ وَلَٰكِن كَانُوا أَنفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ
We took each one of them to task for their sins: upon some of them We let loose a deadly storm wind; and some were overtaken by a blast; and some We caused to be swallowed by the earth; and some We caused to drown. It was not God who wronged them, but it was they who had wronged themselves. (40)
مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ أَوْلِيَاءَ كَمَثَلِ الْعَنكَبُوتِ اتَّخَذَتْ بَيْتًا
Those who take anyone other than God for their protectors may be compared to the spider which makes for itself a home.
إِنَّ أَوْهَنَ الْبُيُوتِ لَبَيْتُ الْعَنكَبُوتِ، لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ (41)
Indeed the spider’s home is the frailest of all homes, if they but knew it. (41)
إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا يَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِهِ
God certainly knows the nature of whatever people invoke instead of Him.
وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ. (42)
He alone is Almighty, Wise. (42)
وَتِلْكَ الْأَمْثَالُ نَضْرِبُهَا لِلنَّاسِ ۖ وَمَا يَعْقِلُهَا إِلَّا الْعَالِمُونَ
Such are the comparisons We draw for people’s benefit, but none will grasp their meaning except the people of knowledge.
(43)
(43)
خَلَقَ اللهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ بِالْحَقِّ
God has created the heavens and the earth in accordance with the truth.
إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَةً لِّقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ ﴿٤٤﴾
Indeed, in this there is a sign for people who believe. (44)
اُتْلُ مَا أُوحِيَ إِلَيْكَ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ ۖ إِنَّ الصَّلَاةَ تَنْهَىٰ عَنِ الْفَحْشَاءِ وَالْمُنكَرِ ۗ
Recite what has been revealed to you of the book, and attend regularly to your prayer; for prayer restrains people from loathsome deeds and from all that is evil.
ولَذِكْرُ اللهِ أَكْبَرُ. وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ مَا تَصْنَعُونَ. (45)
To remember God is greater still. God knows all that you do. (45)
نظرة عامة
Overview
ختم المقطع الأول بالإشارة إلى القاعدة العامة أن الذين يدّعون الإيمان يُبتلون، وأن الغاية من ذلك التمييز بين الذين صدقوا في إيمانهم وبين الكاذبين. وتطرّق المقطع أيضًا إلى أنواع مختلفة من الابتلاء، كالأذى البدني، والضغط الذي يمارسه الأقارب والأحباب، وإغراء الفتنة والإغواء.
The first passage concluded with reference to the general rule that those who profess to believe are subjected to a test, the purpose of which is to separate those who truly believe from those who are liars. The passage also referred to different types of testing, such as physical suffering, pressure exerted by relatives and loved ones, and the lure of temptation.
في هذا المقطع نماذج من الابتلاءات التي تعرّض لها أهل الإيمان، بدءًا بنوح عليه السلام. وهذه النماذج مستقاة مما لقيه رسل الله منذ فجر التاريخ. وقد ذُكرت بعض التفاصيل عن إبراهيم ولوط، أما بقية الحالات فلم يُشَر إليها إلا إشارات موجزة جدًا.
In this passage we have examples of the kind of tests advocates of faith went through, starting with Noah (peace be upon him). Such examples are drawn from what God’s messengers endured from the early days of history. Some details are given about Abraham and Lot, but only very brief references are made in all other cases.
في قصة نوح نرى جهوداً عظيمة تُثمر نتائج ضئيلة؛ فقد لبث بين قومه ٩٥٠ سنة، ولم يستجب لدعوته إلا قليل من المؤمنين. ولهذا "أخذهم الطوفان وهم ظالمون". (الآية ١٤) وفي قصة إبراهيم وقومه نرى مثالاً واضحاً على سوء الجزاء وطغيان الباطل؛ فقد بذل غاية جهده لهداية قومه إلى اتباع الهدى الإلهي، مستعملاً الحجة الصحيحة والبرهان العقلي، ومع ذلك "فما كان جوابَ قومه إلا أن قالوا: اقتلوه أو حرّقوه". (الآية ٢٤)
In Noah’s story we see very great efforts yielding scanty results. He stayed among his people for 950 years but only a few believers accepted his call. Therefore, “the floods overwhelmed them as they were deep in wrongdoing.” (Verse 14) In the case of Abraham and his people we see a very clear example of foul reward and the tyranny of falsehood. He tried his best to steer his people to follow divine guidance, using sound, logical argument, but “their only answer was: ‘Kill him or burn him’.” (Verse 24)
في قصة قوم لوط نرى الشهوة تخرج إلى العلن، دون أي اعتبار للحياء أو تحرّج أخلاقي. وهنا أحطّ صور الانحطاف الإنساني والانحراف، وهو انحراف لا يُلقي بالاً كبيراً للإنذارات الصادقة: ﴿فَمَا كَانَ جَوَابَ قَوْمِهِ إِلَّا أَن قَالُوا ائْتِنَا بِعَذَابِ اللَّهِ إِن كُنتَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ﴾ (الآية 29)
In the case of Lot’s people we see how lust comes out into the open, with no consideration for decency or moral scruple. Here is the vilest human degeneration and perversion, one which pays little heed to sincere warnings: “But his people’s only response was to say: Bring down upon us God’s punishment, if you truly are one who speaks the truth.” (Verse 29)
طول العمر الشديد
Extremely Long Life
وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِ فَلَبِثَ فِيهِمْ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ إِلَّا خَمْسِينَ عَامًا فَأَخَذَهُمُ الطُّوفَانُ وَهُمْ ظَالِمُونَ * فَأَنجَيْنَاهُ وَأَصْحَابَ السَّفِينَةِ وَجَعَلْنَاهَا آيَةً لِّلْعَالَمِينَ
We sent Noah to his people and he dwelt among them for a thousand years bar fifty; and then the floods overwhelmed them as they were deep in wrongdoing; but We saved him, together with all those who were in the ark, which We made as a sign for all people. (Verses 14-15)
الراجح أن مدة دعوة نوح ﷺ كانت تسعمائة وخمسين سنة، وقد سبقها زمن غير محدد قبل أن يتلقى الوحي، وتلاها زمن غير محدد بعد أن نجا هو والمؤمنون من الطوفان. وهذا عمر طويل جدًا يبدو لنا اليوم غير مألوف وغير معروف في البشرية. ومع ذلك فإن هذه المعلومة مستمدة من أصدق مصدر، وهو الله سبحانه وتعالى، وهذا يكفي تمامًا لقبولها على أنها حق. وإن أردنا لذلك تفسيرًا، قلنا: إن عدد سكان الأرض في ذلك الزمن كان قليلًا، فيحتمل أن الله أطال أعمار أولئك الأقوام الأوائل ليتقدم العمران على الأرض، فلما كثر عدد البشر لم تعد هناك حاجة إلى تلك الأعمار الطويلة. وهذا يشبه ظاهرة تنطبق على بعض الأنواع، فبعض أنواع النسور والنسور الكاسرة والسلاحف تعيش قرونًا، في مقابل الذباب الذي يتكاثر بالملايين ولا يعيش إلا أسبوعين أو أقل. وكل حكمة فهي لله، وكل ما يفعله فهو وفق تقدير دقيق. وعلاوة على ذلك، فرغم قرابة ألف عام من دعوة نوح ﷺ بالرسالة الإلهية، لم يكن المؤمنون به سوى عدد قليل. فقد أغرق الطوفان الغالبية العظمى بسبب إصرارهم على معارضة الرسالة الإلهية، ولم ينج في السفينة سوى العدد القليل من المؤمنين. وقد صارت قصة الطوفان والسفينة ﴿آيَةً لِّلْعَالَمِينَ﴾، تخبرنا عن نهاية الكفر والظلم.
The weightier view is that the duration of Noah’s message was 950 years, preceded by an undefined period before he received his revelations and followed by an unspecified period after he and the believers were saved from the floods. This is certainly a very long life that seems to us, nowadays, to be unnatural and unknown in humanity. Yet we have this information from the most truthful source, God Almighty. This is more than sufficient for it to be accepted as true. If we want some sort of explanation for it, we could say that the human population of the earth at that time was small. It is possible, therefore, that God gave those early generations longer lives so that life on earth could progress. When human numbers increased, there was no longer any need for such long lives. This reflects a phenomenon applicable to some species. For example, certain types of eagle, vulture and turtle can live for centuries. Contrast this with flies, which breed in their millions, and which have a life span as short as two weeks, or less. All wisdom belongs to God, and everything He does is according to a careful measure. Furthermore, despite the near millennium of Noah’s advocacy of the divine message there were still only a small number of believers. The floods swept away the overwhelming majority because of their continued opposition to the divine message. Only the small number of believers were saved in the ark. This story of the floods and the ark was to become ‘a sign for all people’, telling us about the end of unbelief and injustice.
القضايا التي تم توضيحها
Issues Clarified
تَنْتَقِلُ السُّورَةُ بَعْدَ عِدَّةِ قُرُونٍ، لِتُسَلِّطَ الضَّوْءَ عَلَى الرِّسَالَةِ الإِلَهِيَّةِ كَمَا بَلَّغَهَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ.
The sūrah moves on several centuries bringing into focus the divine message as preached by Abraham:
وَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ لِقَوْمِهِ: «اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاتَّقُوهُ، ذَٰلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ. إِنَّمَا تَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ أَوْثَانًا وَتَخْلُقُونَ إِفْكًا».
And Abraham said to his people: ‘Worship God, and fear Him. This is best for you, if you but knew it! You worship only idols instead of God, and thus you create falsehood.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَعْبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ لَا يَمْلِكُونَ لَكُمْ رِزْقًا فَابْتَغُوا عِندَ اللَّهِ الرِّزْقَ وَاعْبُدُوهُ وَاشْكُرُوا لَهُ ۖ إِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ * وَإِن تُكَذِّبُوا فَقَدْ كَذَّبَ أُمَمٌ مِّن قَبْلِكُمْ ۖ وَمَا عَلَى الرَّسُولِ إِلَّا الْبَلَاغُ الْمُبِينُ
Those that you worship instead of God do not have it in their power to provide sustenance for you. Seek, then, all sustenance from God, and worship Him alone and be grateful to Him. Indeed, to Him you shall return. If you disbelieve, other communities also disbelieved before your time. A messenger of God is not hound to do more than clearly deliver His message. (Verses 16-18)
كانت دعوةُ إبراهيمَ إلى قومه واضحةً لا لبسَ فيها، ومُحكمةَ البناءِ جيدةَ التنظيم، فكانت نموذجًا حسنًا لكلِّ الدعاةِ إلى الدينِ الإلهي. ابتدأَ بإخبارهم بحقيقةِ رسالته: ﴿اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاتَّقُوهُ﴾ (الآية ١٦).
Abraham’s call to his people was clear, unambiguous and very well structured. It served as a good model for all advocates of the divine faith. He started by telling them of the true nature of his message: “Worship God, and fear Him.” (Verse 16)
علاوةً على ذلك، فقد زيّن ذلك لهم، مبيّناً أن فيه خيراً كثيراً لهم لو كانوا يعلمون: ﴿ذَٰلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ﴾ (الآية 16). أي أنهم لو لم يكونوا جاهلين لاختاروا ما فيه مصلحتهم. وهذه حقيقة بسيطة وواقعية لا تحتاج إلى خطب حماسية لإيصال جوهرها.
Furthermore, he made this appealing to them, stating that it contained much goodness for them, if they would only know it: “This is best for you, if you but knew it!” (Verse 16) In other words, if they were not ignorant, they would choose what was good for them. This is a simple and real truth which needs no fiery speeches to impart its essence.
ثم يُبيّن إبراهيم عليه السلام فساد دينهم، ولا سيما عبادتهم للأصنام الخشبية. يا لها من بدل سخيف لعبادة الله تعالى! ثانياً، إن الدليل الذي يُثبت معتقداتهم كان مفقوداً تماماً، فهم لم يفعلوا سوى اختلاق الباطل. وفضلاً عن ذلك، فإن هذه التماثيل والأصنام لا تنفع شيئاً، إذ لا تستطيع أن تُعطي الناس شيئاً: ﴿إِنَّمَا تَعْبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ أَوْثَانًا وَتَخْلُقُونَ إِفْكًا ۚ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَعْبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ لَا يَمْلِكُونَ لَكُمْ رِزْقًا فَابْتَغُوا عِندَ اللَّهِ الرِّزْقَ وَاعْبُدُوهُ وَاشْكُرُوا لَهُ﴾ (العنكبوت: 17)
تأمّل في خلق الله
Reflection On God’s Creation
ثُمَّ تَأْخُذُ السُّورَةُ وَقْفَةً وَجِيزَةً تُخَاطِبُ فِيهَا جَمِيعَ الَّذِينَ يَجْحَدُونَ الْإِيمَانَ، وَتُبَيِّنُ الرُّجُوعَ الْحَتْمِيَّ لِجَمِيعِ الْبَشَرِ إِلَى اللهِ، وَالْبَعْثَ وَالْحِسَابَ:
Thereafter, the sūrah takes a brief pause to address all who deny faith, the inevitable return of all mankind to God, and the resurrection and reckoning:
أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا كَيْفَ يُبْدِئُ اللَّهُ الْخَلْقَ ثُمَّ يُعِيدُهُ ۚ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرٌ ﴿١٩﴾ قُلْ سِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَانْظُرُوا كَيْفَ بَدَأَ الْخَلْقَ ۚ ثُمَّ اللَّهُ يُنْشِئُ النَّشْأَةَ الْآخِرَةَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ ﴿٢٠﴾ يُعَذِّبُ مَن يَشَاءُ وَيَرْحَمُ مَن يَشَاءُ ۖ وَإِلَيْهِ تُقْلَبُونَ ﴿٢١﴾ وَمَا أَنتُم بِمُعْجِزِينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَا فِي السَّمَاءِ ۖ وَمَا لَكُم مِّن دُونِ اللَّهِ مِن وَلِيٍّ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ ﴿٢٢﴾ وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَلِقَائِهِ أُولَٰئِكَ يَئِسُوا مِن رَّحْمَتِي وَأُولَٰئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ﴿٢٣﴾
Are they not aware how God creates [life] in the first instance, and then brings it forth anew? This is indeed easy for God. Say: ‘Go all over the earth and see how God has originated His creation in the first instance; and then He will certainly bring about the second life. Most certainly, God has the power over all things. He punishes whom He will, and bestows His mercy on whom He will. To Him you shall be made to return. And never can you elude Him, neither on earth nor in the skies. You have none to protect you from God and none to give you support.’ Those who deny God’s signs and the meeting with Him are indeed the ones who abandon all hope of My mercy. It is for these that grievous suffering awaits. (Verses 19-23)
هذا الخطاب موجَّهٌ إلى كلِّ من ينكر وجودَ الله ولقاءَه، ويَستدلُّ عليه بالكون نفسِه تصديقًا لحقِّه. وقد كثيرًا ما يُقدِّم القرآنُ الكونَ بوصفه كتابًا مفتوحًا للقلوب والعقول، يتأمَّله الناظرون ويبحثون فيه عن آياتِ الله، فيجدون فيه دلائلَ على وحدانيَّته وعلى صدقِ وعدِه ووعيدِه. والظواهرُ الكونيةُ حاضرةٌ دائمًا أمام الناس ليرَوْها ويتدبَّروها، غيرَ أنها تفقد أثرَها الملهِم بسببِ طولِ الألفة. ولذلك يوجِّه القرآنُ الأنظارَ إلى هذه المشاهدِ العظيمة، فيُحيِيها أمام العيون ويجدِّد تأثيرَها، ولا يلجأ إلى الجدلِ والمنطقِ البارد الجامد. وهذا المنطقُ غريبٌ عن الفكرِ الإسلاميِّ على كل حال، بل إن القرآنَ يضرب الأمثالَ، ويرسم المنهجَ، ويبيِّن الطريق.
This is addressed to everyone who denies God and their meeting with Him. It uses the universe as evidence confirming its truth. The Qur’ān frequently presents the universe as an open book for hearts and minds to ponder on, searching for God’s signs, and finding indications of His oneness and the truth of His promises and warnings. Universal phenomena are always present for people to see and contemplate, but they lose their inspiration as a result of long familiarity. Therefore, the Qur’ān directs people’s attention to these magnificent scenes, bringing them alive before their eyes and renewing their effects. It does not resort to argument and cold, lifeless logic. Such logic, is, in any case, alien to Islamic thought. Instead, the Qur’ān gives examples, sets the method and outlines the way.
ترک وطن برائے اللہ
Abandoning Home For God
بَعْدَ هَذَا الْخِطَابِ الْمُعْتَرِضِ الْمُوَجَّهِ إِلَى كُلِّ مَنْ يُنْكِرُ الْإِيمَانَ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْعُمُومِ، وَإِلَى قَوْمِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ضِمْنًا، تَذْكُرُ السُّورَةُ رَدَّ قَوْمِهِ عَلَى دَعْوَتِهِ. وَهُوَ رَدٌّ عَجِيبٌ فَرِيدٌ، يُظْهِرُ كِبْرَ الْكُفْرِ وَالظُّلْمِ الَّذِي يَعْتَمِدُ عَلَى الْقُوَّةِ وَالسُّلْطَانِ: ﴿فَمَا كَانَ جَوَابَ قَوْمِهِ إِلَّا أَن قَالُوا﴾ [قَوْمُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ] لَمْ يَكُنْ جَوَابُهُمْ إِلَّا أَنْ قَالُوا.
After this intervening address aimed at everyone who denies faith generally, and at Abraham’s people by implication, the sūrah reports his people’s reply to his call. It is a very strange and singular reply, one which shows the arrogance of disbelief and oppression that relies on force and authority: “[Abraham’s.] people’s only answer was:
قَالُوا اقْتُلُوهُ أَوْ حَرِّقُوهُ، فَأَنْجَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنَ النَّارِ. إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ. (العنكبوت: ٢٤) فَلَمْ يَكُنْ جَوَابُهُمْ عَلَى دَعْوَةٍ بَسِيطَةٍ وَاضِحَةٍ وَمَنْطِقِيَّةٍ خَاطَبَ بِهَا قُلُوبَهُمْ وَعُقُولَهُمْ إِلَّا أَنْ يُقْتَلَ الرَّجُلُ أَوْ يُحْرَقَ.
Kill him, or burn him.’ But God saved him from the fire. In this there are signs for people who believe.” (Verse 24) To kill or burn a man is their only response to a simple, clear and logical call with which he addressed their hearts and minds.
كيف يمكن لإبراهيم وحده، محروماً من كل قوة، أن يقف في وجه هذه الوحشية المتكبرة؟ لذلك تدخّل الله تعالى تدخلاً مباشراً وظاهراً، بمعجزة لم يكن يتوقعها بشر: ﴿قُلْنَا يَا نَارُ كُونِي بَرْدًا وَسَلَامًا عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ﴾. وإن نجاته بهذه الطريقة المعجزة كان ينبغي أن تُرى دليلاً واضحاً يؤكد رسالته، لكن لا ينظر إليها هذه النظرة إلا من كان قلبه مهيأً لقبول الإيمان.
How could Abraham alone and deprived of all power stand up to such arrogant brutality? Therefore, God intervened in a direct and open manner, with a miracle no human could have expected: “God saved him from the fire.” Indeed his saving in this miraculous way should have been seen as clear evidence confirming his message, but only a person whose heart is ready to embrace faith looks at it in this light.
لكنّ قوم إبراهيم لم يؤمنوا رغم هذه المعجزة. وهذا يدلّ إذن على أنّ المعجزات لا تُعطي الهداية. وإنما يلزم أن يكون المرء ذا عقلٍ مفتوح، يقبل الحقّ والهداية الإلهية: ﴿إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَةً لِّقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ﴾ (الآية 24)
Abraham’s people, however, did not believe despite this miracle. This shows, then, that miracles do not give guidance. Instead, it is necessary to have an open mind, one willing to accept the truth and divine guidance: “In this there are signs for people who believe.” (Verse 24)
كانت العلامة الأولى منها نجاةُ إبراهيم من النار. وكانت العلامة الثانية عجزَ الطغيان عن أن يضرّ رجلاً واحداً وحده، حين أراد الله له النجاة. وكانت العلامة الثالثة أنّ المعجزات لا تضمن قبولَ القلوب القاسية لهدى الله. ولتأكيد هذه الحقيقة يكفي أن ينظر المرء في تاريخ رسالات الله، وأن يتأمّل في تقلّب القلوب، وكذلك في العوامل التي تُمكّن الناس من قبول الهداية، وتلك التي تُضلّهم عنها.
الفحش الجنسي في الأماكن العامة
Sexual Perversion In Public
ثم يُذكر قصة لوط، بعد أن هاجر مع إبراهيم واستقر في وادي الأردن. ثم عاش لوط وحده مع قبيلة قريبة من البحر الميت، والذي سُمي فيما بعد بحيرة لوط. وكانت البلدة التي تسكن فيها القبيلة تُعرف بسدوم.
Lot’s story is mentioned next, after he had emigrated with Abraham and settled in the Jordan Valley. Lot then lived on his own with a tribe close to the Dead Sea, which was later called Lake Lot. The township where the tribe lived was known as Sodom.
تزوج لوطٌ امرأةً منهم وعاش بينهم.
Lot married one of their women and lived among them.
ذَكَرَ القرآنُ أنَّ نوعًا من الانحراف قد انتشر بين أولئك القوم، وأنَّ هذا كان أولَ مرةٍ في تاريخ البشرية يقع فيها مثلُ هذا الشذوذ الجنسي. فإنَّ الأصلَ في الفطرة أنَّ الرجلَ ينجذبُ إلى المرأةِ، فيُكوِّنان وحدةً طبيعيةً منتجةً تضمنُ استمرارَ الحياةِ بالتناسل، وهذا أمرٌ مشتركٌ بين جميع الكائناتِ الحيةِ. واللهُ هو الذي خلقَ الكائناتِ كلَّها أزواجًا مِن ذكورٍ وإناثٍ. وهكذا كان قومُ لوطٍ أولَ من استسلمَ لهذا الانحرافِ.
A certain type of perversion had spread among those people, and the Qur’ān mentions that this was the first time ever in human history that such homosexuality had occurred. In the natural state of things a man is attracted to a woman so that the two form a natural productive unit which ensures the continuity of life through procreation, which is common to all living species. It is God who has created them all in pairs made of males and females. Thus, Lot’s people were the first ever to yield to such perversion:
وَلُوطًا إِذْ قَالَ لِقَوْمِهِ أَتَأْتُونَ الْفَاحِشَةَ مَا سَبَقَكُم بِهَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ مِّنَ الْعَالَمِينَ * إِنَّكُمْ لَتَأْتُونَ الرِّجَالَ شَهْوَةً مِّن دُونِ النِّسَاءِ ۚ بَلْ أَنتُمْ قَوْمٌ مُّسْرِفُونَ * وَمَا كَانَ جَوَابَ قَوْمِهِ إِلَّا أَن قَالُوا ائْتِنَا بِعَذَابِ اللَّهِ إِن كُنتَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ * قَالَ رَبِّ انصُرْنِي عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْمُفْسِدِينَ
And Lot said to his people: ‘You certainly commit abominations such as none in all the worlds has ever committed before you. Will you approach men [with lust], assault people on the highway, and commit shameful acts in your meeting places?’ But his people’s only response was to say: ‘Bring down upon us God’s punishment, if you truly are one who speaks the truth.’ He said: My Lord! Support You me against these people who spread corruption.’ (Verses 28-30)
ومع أنه يتضح من خطاب لوط لقومه أن أنواعًا أخرى من الفساد قد انتشرت فيهم، إلا أن أعظم قبائحهم كانت أنهم كانوا يأتون الرجال. وإذا تجاوز الرجل الحدود الطبيعية مع المرأة، فإن فعله جريمة شنيعة، لكنه يبقى ضمن الإطار العام للشهوة الفطرية.
Although it is clear from Lot’s address to his people that other types of corruption had spread among them, their main abomination was that they engaged in sex with other men. When a man goes beyond natural limits with a woman, his action is a gross crime but it remains within the overall framework of natural desire.
أنواع العقوبات
Different Types Of Punishment
ثُمَّ تُشِيرُ السُّورَةُ إِشَارَاتٍ مُوجَزَةً إِلَى أُمَمٍ مُخْتَلِفَةٍ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ وَمَا لَقُوهُ مِنْ عَاقِبَةٍ، بَدْءًا بِقَوْمِ شُعَيْبٍ.
The sūrah then gives brief references to different communities of unbelievers and the ends they suffered, starting with Shu`ayb’s people:
وَإِلَىٰ مَدْيَنَ أَخَاهُمْ شُعَيْبًا ۚ فَقَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَارْجُوا الْيَوْمَ الْآخِرَ وَلَا تَعْثَوْا فِي الْأَرْضِ مُفْسِدِينَ ۖ فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ الرَّجْفَةُ فَأَصْبَحُوا فِي دَارِهِمْ جَاثِمِينَ
And to the people of Madyan We sent their brother Shu`ayb, who said: ‘My people, worship God alone, and look forward to the Last Day, and do not act wickedly to spread corruption on earth.’ But they accused him of lying. Thereupon an earthquake overtook them and the morning found them lying lifeless on the ground in their very homes. (Verses 36-37)
في هذه الإشارة إلى النبي شعيب نرى وحدة الرسالة الإلهية وجوهر الإيمان: "اعبدوا الله وارجوا اليوم الآخر." (الآية 36) إن عبادة الله وحده هي القاعدة الأساسية للإيمان. وكان رجاء يوم القيامة سيضمن لهم أن يكفّوا عن سوء أفعالهم. فعلى سبيل المثال، كانوا يبخسون الناس عمدًا حين يكيلون لهم أو يزنون لهم في التجارة.
In this reference to the Prophet Shu`ayb we see the unity of the divine message and the essence of faith: “Worship God alone, and look forward to the Last Day.” (Verse 36) Worshipping God alone is the basic rule of faith. Looking forward to the Day of Judgement would ensure that they stopped their evil ways. For example, they deliberately defrauded people when they measured or weighed for them in business.
وكانوا أيضًا ينهبون من يمرّ بأراضيهم، ويحرمونهم مما يملكون، ويُشيعون الفساد عمومًا، متكبّرين في سلوكهم.
They also looted from those who passed through their lands, deprived them of what they had, and generally spread corruption, behaving arrogantly.
علاوةً على ذلك، فقد وقفوا في وجه نبيّهم واتهموه بالكذب، فأهلكهم الله؛ إذ أنفذ سُنّته في معاقبة الكافرين الذين يكذّبون رسلهم: ﴿فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ الرَّجْفَةُ فَأَصْبَحُوا فِي دَارِهِمْ جَاثِمِينَ﴾. (الآية 37) وقد ذكرنا سابقًا الزلزالَ الذي هزّ أرضهم بعد أن أصابتهم صيحةٌ عظيمة فذُهلوا في بيوتهم، لا يستطيعون حراكًا. وهكذا بقوا جاثمين هامدين جزاءً مناسبًا على ترويعهم المتكرر لغيرهم.
Furthermore, they took a stand against their prophet, accusing him of lying; therefore, God destroyed them. He brought into force His law of punishing unbelievers who deny their messengers: “Thereupon an earthquake overtook them and the morning found them lying lifeless on the ground in their very homes.” (Verse 37) We mentioned previously the earthquake that shook their land after a great blast left them stunned in their homes, unable to stir. Thus they were left lifeless in fitting requital for their repeated terrorization of others.
ضعف الأقوياء
The Frailty Of The Powerful
الآن، وبعد أن تم بيان هلاك الطغاة الظالمين والكفار الأشرار، ومع استحضار ما قيل في بداية السورة عن الابتلاء والفتنة، يُضرب مثلٌ واضح لبيان القوة النسبية للقوى المتنافسة. فالقوة الحقيقية واحدة، وهي لله وحده، أما كل قوة سواها فواهية هشّة. ومن يلتمس العون أو الحماية من غير الله فهو كالعنكبوت التي تتعلق ببيتٍ واهٍ منسوجٍ من خيوط الحرير لا قوة فيه. فالعنكبوت وبيتها، أو مأواها، لا سندَ حقيقيًّا لهما.
Now that the destruction of despotic, wrongdoing and wicked unbelievers has been outlined, and bearing in mind what was said at the beginning of the sūrah about tests and temptation, the relative power of competing forces is described in a clear simile. There is only one true power and this belongs to God. Every other power is frail and flimsy. Whoever seeks support or protection from other than God is like a spider which clings to a frail home woven of silk that lacks strength. Both the spider and its web, or home, are without real support:
الذين اتخذوا من دون الله أولياء كمثل العنكبوت اتخذت بيتا ۖ وإن أوهن البيوت لبيت العنكبوت ۖ لو كانوا يعلمون ۔ إن الله يعلم ما يدعون من دونه من شيء ۖ وهو العزيز الحكيم ۔ وتلك الأمثال نضربها للناس ۖ وما يعقلها إلا العالمون
Those who take anyone other than God for their protectors may be compared to the spider which makes for itself a home. Indeed the spider’s home is the frailest of all homes, if they but knew it. God certainly knows the nature of whatever people invoke instead of Him. He alone is Almighty, Wise. Such are the comparisons We draw for people’s benefit, but none will grasp their meaning except the people of knowledge.
(الآیات ٤١-٤٣)
(Verses 41-43)
هذه صورةٌ رائعةٌ وصادقةٌ عن القوى التي تعمل في الكون. ويغفل الناسُ أحياناً عن هذه الحقيقة، فتنخفض قيمهم، ويفسد مفهومهم للعلاقات الإنسانية، وتختلّ جميعُ موازينهم. فلا يدرون إلى أيّ وجهةٍ يتجهون، وماذا يأخذون وماذا يتركون. وفي هذه الحال تخدعهم سلطةُ الحكومة، فيرون فيها قوةً عاتية، فيرفعون إليها رغباتهم وشكاواهم، ويخافونها، ويحاولون استرضاءها كي يأمنوا إجراءاتها القاسية. وكذلك تخدعهم قوى أخرى، كقوة المال الذي يتوهمون أنه يتحكم في حياة الناس، فيسعون إلى جمع المال ليمارسوا السلطة على غيرهم. كما تخدعهم قوةُ العلم، إذ يعدّونه مصدراً للقوة والثروة وسائرِ عناصر النفوذ، فيقتربون منه بخشوعٍ كخشوع العابد في عبادته. وسواءٌ أكانت هذه القوةُ بيد أفرادٍ أم جماعاتٍ أم دولٍ، فإن السلطةَ الظاهرة تخدعهم، فينجذبون إليها كانجذاب الفراشِ إلى الضوء، أو كتهافتهم على النار.
This is an amazing but true picture of the powers operating in the universe. People sometimes overlook this truth and hence their values fall by the wayside. Indeed their concept of human relations grows corrupt and all their criteria become ill- balanced. They do not know which way to go, what to take up and what to leave. In this situation, the power of government deceives them. They feel it to be too strong, address their wishes and complaints to it, fear it and try to appease it so that they remain safe from its strong-handed measures. Similarly, they are deceived by other powers, such as that of wealth which they imagine to control people’s lives. They, thus, try to obtain wealth so that they can exercise power over others. The power of knowledge also deceives them as they consider it a source of strength, wealth and all other elements that give people power. Hence, they approach it with humility, just like a worshipper engaged in devotion. Whether controlled by individuals, communities or states, apparent power deceives them. They are pulled towards it like moths are attracted to light or swarm towards a fire.
المنهج الواضح
The Clear Path
وتُرْبَطُ هذه الحقيقةُ العظيمةُ، التي تُذكَرُ بوضوحٍ تام، بعدَ ذلك بالحقيقةِ الكبرى الظاهرةِ في تصميمِ الكون. وهذا يتّبعُ منهجَ القرآنِ الكريمِ في ربطِ جميعِ الوقائعِ بتلك الحقيقةِ الكبرى: {خَلَقَ اللَّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ بِالْحَقِّ}.
This great truth, stated in full clarity, is then linked to the main truth apparent in the design of the universe. This follows the Qur’ānic method of linking all facts to that main truth: “God has created the heavens and the earth in accordance with the truth.
إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَةً لِّقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ ۔ (الآية ٤٤) تَتَّسِقُ هذه الآية تمامًا مع بقية السورة، وتُبرز الصلةَ الحقيقية بين الحقائق المختلفة، والحقَّ الأساسيَّ الذي تقوم عليه خلقةُ السماوات والأرض. وهذا الحقُّ هو الذي يحفظ الكونَ وفق نظامٍ دقيقٍ محكم، لا يختلّ أبدًا ولا يقع فيه تناقضٌ داخلي.
Indeed, in this there is a sign for people who believe.” (Verse 44) In perfect harmony with the rest of the sūrah, this verse enhances the real link between different realities and the main truth that lies behind the creation of the heavens and the earth. It is this truth that maintains the universe according to a fine and accurate system which never fails or allows inner conflict.
﴿إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَةً لِّقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ﴾ (الآية ٤٤) وهؤلاء هم المؤمنون الذين تستجيب قلوبهم للآيات التي جعلها الله في جميع جوانب الخلق.
“Indeed, in this there is a sign for people who believe.” (Verse 44) These are the believers whose hearts respond to the signs God has placed in all aspects of creation.
تُرَى هذه بوضوح في الانسجام الظاهر في الكون. فالكل جزء من نظام متسق رغم تنوعه الظاهري. ولا يدرك هذه الآيات ويقدّرها إلا المؤمنون، لأن أعينهم وقلوبهم تبقى مفتوحة.
These are clearly seen in the harmony apparent in the universe. All is part of a consistent system despite its seeming diversity. It is only believers who perceive these signs and appreciate them, because their eyes and hearts remain open.
في نهاية هذا المقطع، تربط السورة بين الكتاب الذي أُنزل على محمد ﷺ، ودعوته إلى الرسالة الإلهية، والصلاة وذكر الله، وبين الحق المنعكس في السماوات والأرض، وبين الدعوة إلى الرسالة الإلهية منذ زمن نوح عليه السلام.
At the end of this passage, the sūrah links the book revealed to Muhammad (peace be upon him), his advocacy of the divine message, prayers and remembrance of god with the truth reflected in the heavens and the earth, and with the advocacy of the divine message ever since Noah’s time:
اُتْلُ مَاۤ أُوْحِيَ إِلَيْكَ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ ۖ إِنَّ الصَّلَاةَ تَنْهَىٰ عَنِ الْفَحْشَاءِ وَالْمُنكَرِ ۗ وَلَذِكْرُ اللَّهِ أَكْبَرُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ مَا تَصْنَعُونَ ٤٥