الزُّخْرُف الذهب (الجهل القائم على الخرافة) ١-٢٥
AL-ZUKHRUF Gold ( Ignorance Based On Superstition ) 1-25
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ حم (۱)
In the Name of God, the Lord of Grace, the Ever Merciful Ha. Mim. (1)
بالكتاب الذي يُبيّن الأمور! (2)
By the Book that makes things clear! (2)
إِنَّا جَعَلْنَاهُ قُرْآنًا عَرَبِيًّا لَّعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ (3)
We have made the Qur’an a discourse in Arabic so that you may understand. (3)
وَإِنَّهُ فِي أُمِّ الْكِتَابِ لَدَيْنَا لَعَلِيٌّ حَكِيمٌ
It originates in the source of revelation kept with Us; it is indeed sublime, full of wisdom.
(4)
(4)
أَفَنَضْرِبُ عَنكُمُ الذِّكْرَ صَفْحًا أَن كُنتُمْ قَوْمًا مُّسْرِفِينَ
Should We ignore you and take away this reminder from you because you are people who transgress beyond bounds? (5)
وَكَمْ أَرْسَلْنَا مِن نَّبِيٍّ فِي الْأَوَّلِينَ
Many a prophet did We send to people of olden times; (6)
وَلَقَدِ اسْتُهْزِئَ بِرُسُلٍ مِّن قَبْلِكَ فَحَاقَ بِالَّذِينَ سَخِرُوا مِنْهُم مَّا كَانُوا بِهِ يَسْتَهْزِئُونَ (7)
but they mocked at each prophet who came to them. (7)
أَهْلَكْنَاهُمْ وَهُمْ أَشَدُّ مِنْهُمْ بَطْشًا
We destroyed them even though they were mightier than these.
وهكذا خُلِّد مثالُهم في التاريخ. (8)
Thus their example has gone down in history. (8)
وَلَئِن سَأَلْتَهُم مَّنْ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ لَيَقُولُنَّ خَلَقَهُنَّ الْعَزِيزُ الْعَلِيمُ
Yet if you ask them,c Who created the heavens and the earth?’ they are sure to answer, ‘The Almighty, the All-Knowing created them.’ (9)
هُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ مَهْدًا وَسَلَكَ لَكُمْ فِيهَا سُبُلًا لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ (10)
It is He who has smoothed out the earth for you and has traced on it paths for you so that you can find your way. (10)
وَهُوَ الَّذِي نَزَّلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً بِقَدَرٍ ۖ فَأَنشَرْنَا بِهِ بَلْدَةً مَّيْتًا ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ تُخْرَجُونَ
And He it is who sends down water from the sky in due measure. With it We raise dead land to life; and thus you will be raised from the dead. (11)
وَهُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ الْأَزْوَاجَ كُلَّهَا وَجَعَلَ لَكُم مِّنَ الْفُلْكِ وَالْأَنْعَامِ مَا تَرْكَبُونَ ﴿١٢﴾
And He it is who created all living things in pairs, and provided for you the ships and animals on which you ride, (12)
لِتَسْتَوُوا عَلَىٰ ظُهُورِهِ ثُمَّ تَذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ رَبِّكُمْ إِذَا اسْتَوَيْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ وَتَقُولُوا سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي سَخَّرَ لَنَا هَٰذَا وَمَا كُنَّا لَهُ مُقْرِنِينَ (13)
so that when you are seated on their backs you remember your Lords blessings and say: ‘Limitless in His glory is He who has made all this subservient to our use. We could not have done it by ourselves. (13)
وَإِنَّا إِلَىٰ رَبِّنَا لَمُنقَلِبُونَ
To our Lord we shall most certainly return/ (14)
وَجَعَلُوا لَهُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ جُزْءًا
Yet they assign to Him some of His own servants as offspring.
إِنَّ الْإِنسَانَ لِرَبِّهِ لَكَنُودٌ (15)
Surely man is clearly bereft of all gratitude. (15)
أَمِ اتَّخَذَ مِمَّا يَخْلُقُ بَنَاتٍ وَأَصْفَاكُم بِالْبَنِينَ
Would He, out of all His creation, choose for Himself daughters and favour you with sons? (16)
وَإِذَا بُشِّرَ أَحَدُهُم بِمَا ضَرَبَ لِلرَّحْمَٰنِ مَثَلًا ظَلَّ وَجْهُهُ مُسْوَدًّا وَهُوَ كَظِيمٌ
If any of them is given the good news of the birth of what he so readily attributes to the Lord of Grace, his face darkens and he is filled with gloom. (17)
أَوَمَن يُنَشَّأُ فِي الْحِلْيَةِ وَهُوَ فِي الْخِصَامِ غَيْرُ مُبِينٍ
[Would they ascribe to God] someone who is brought up among trinkets and cannot put together a clear argument? (18)
وَجَعَلُوا الْمَلَائِكَةَ الَّذِينَ هُمْ عِبَادُ الرَّحْمَٰنِ إِنَاثًا ۚ أَشَهِدُوا خَلْقَهُمْ ۚ سَتُكْتَبُ شَهَادَتُهُمْ وَيُسْأَلُونَ
They claim that the angels, who are themselves but servants of the Lord of Grace, are females! Did they witness their creation? Their testimony will be put on record and they will be questioned about it. (19)
وَقَالُوا لَوْ شَاءَ الرَّحْمَٰنُ مَا عَبَدْنَاهُم ۗ مَّا لَهُم بِذَٰلِكَ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ۖ إِنْ هُمْ إِلَّا يَخْرُصُونَ
They say: ‘Had it been the will of the Lord of Grace, we should never have worshipped them? Of that they have no knowledge:
إنهم يكذبون بصراحة. (20)
they are blatantly lying. (20)
أَمْ آتَيْنَاهُمْ كِتَابًا مِّن قَبْلِهِ فَهُم بِهِ مُسْتَمْسِكُونَ
Or have We given them a book before this one to which they are still holding fast? (21)
بَلْ قَالُوا إِنَّا وَجَدْنَا آبَاءَنَا عَلَىٰ أُمَّةٍ وَإِنَّا عَلَىٰ آثَارِهِم مُّهْتَدُونَ (22)
No indeed! They say, ‘We found our forefathers following this tradition and we find our guidance by following in their footsteps.’ (22)
وَكَذَٰلِكَ مَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِن قَبْلِكَ فِي قَرْيَةٍ مِّن نَّذِيرٍ إِلَّا قَالَ مُتْرَفُوهَا إِنَّا وَجَدْنَا آبَاءَنَا عَلَىٰ أُمَّةٍ وَإِنَّا عَلَىٰ آثَارِهِم مُّقْتَدُونَ
And thus it is: whenever, before your time, We sent a messenger to any community, the wealthy among them said: ‘We found our forefathers following this tradition and we are only following in their footsteps.’ (23)
قَالَ أَوَلَوْ جِئْتُكُمْ بِأَهْدَىٰ مِمَّا وَجَدْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ آبَاءَكُمْ ۖ قَالُوا إِنَّا بِمَا أُرْسِلْتُم بِهِ كَافِرُونَ (24)
He said: ‘Even though I bring you a guidance better than what you saw your forefathers following?’ They replied: ‘We reject the message you have been sent with.’ (24)
فَانْتَقَمْنَا مِنْهُمْ ۖ فَانْظُرْ كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الْمُكَذِّبِينَ
Therefore, We inflicted Our retribution on them. Reflect on how those who rejected the truth met their end. (25)
خطاب إلى العقل
An Address To The Mind
تبدأ السورة بالحرفين المقطّعين حاء وميم، ثم يأتي بعدهما قسمٌ بالكتاب المُبين.
The surah begins with the two separate letters Ha and Mim which are then followed by an oath by the book that makes things clear.
كلٌّ من الحروف والكتاب من جنسٍ واحد: فالكتاب في صورته المنطوقة من جنس الحروف. وكما أن الحروف جميعها في اللغات البشرية هي من آيات الله، فإن الحرفين أو الصوتين هما كذلك من آياته؛ فهو الذي خلق الناس وأعطاهم أصوات لغاتهم. وإذا ذُكرت مثل هذه الحروف، فإنها تحمل أكثر من معنى واحد بالإشارة إلى القرآن الكريم.
Both the letters and the book are of the same nature: in its spoken form, the book is of the same type as the letters. Just like all letters in human language, the two letters, or sounds, are of God’s signs: it is He who created people and gave them the sounds of their languages. When such letters are mentioned, they carry more than a single meaning with reference to the Qur’an.
أقسم الله بالحرفين والكتاب المبين ليؤكد مقصود جعل هذا القرآن على الصورة التي نزل بها على العرب: ﴿إِنَّا جَعَلْنَاهُ قُرْآنًا عَرَبِيًّا لَّعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ﴾ (الآية 3). فالمقصود إذن أن يفهموه كما هو منظوم بلغتهم.
God states this oath by the two letters and the clear book so as to confirm the purpose of making this Qur’an in the form it was made when revealed to the Arabs: have made the Qur'an a discourse in Arabic so that you may understand” (Verse 3) The purpose, then, is that they should understand it as it is composed in their own tongue.
القرآن كلامُ الله الذي أنزله، وهو في صورته المنطوقة عربيٌّ، إذ اختار الله العربَ ليكونوا حاملي رسالته.
The Qur’an is God’s revelation which He has made, in its spoken form, Arabic as He chose the Arabs to be the bearers of His message.
لقد بيّنّا هذا المقصد جزئياً عند التعليق على السورة السابقة.
We explained this purpose partly in commenting on the previous surah.
ثم إن الله اختار العرب على أساس علمه بأنهم أهل لحمل الرسالة، وأن لغتهم أقدر على التعبير عنها. والله أعلم حيث يجعل رسالته.
Moreover, God made His choice on the basis of His knowledge that the Arabs were suitable message-bearers and that their language could best express it. God knows whom to entrust with His message.
ثُمَّ يُبَيِّنُ الْمَكَانَةَ الَّتِي جَعَلَهَا لِلْقُرْآنِ عِنْدَهُ، وَقِيمَتَهُ فِي خِطَّتِهِ الْعَامَّةِ لِلْكَوْنِ: ﴿وَإِنَّهُ فِي أُمِّ الْكِتَابِ لَدَيْنَا لَعَلِيٌّ حَكِيمٌ﴾ (الآية 4). وَنَكْتَفِي عَرَضًا بِالإِشَارَةِ إِلَى المَعْنَى الحَرْفِيِّ لِعِبَارَةِ «أُمِّ الكِتَابِ»، الَّتِي تُرْجِمَتْ هُنَا بِـ«مَصْدَرِ الوَحْيِ». فَهَلْ تُشِيرُ إِلَى «اللَّوْحِ المَحْفُوظِ» المَذْكُورِ فِي مَوَاضِعَ أُخْرَى مِنَ القُرْآنِ، أَمْ إِلَى عِلْمِ اللهِ الأَزَلِيِّ؟ وَهُمَا مُتَّحِدَانِ فِي أَنَّ لَهُمَا مَعْنًى غَيْرَ مُحَدَّدٍ ضِمْنَ نِطَاقِ مَعْرِفَتِنَا.
الخالق العظيم
The Almighty Creator
والعجيب أنّ العرب، مع إقرارهم بأنّ الله هو خالق السماوات والأرض، لم يُتمّوا هذا الإقرار إلى نهايته المنطقية، فلم يُفردوه بالتوحيد ولم يصرفوا إليه العبادة كلها. بل على العكس من ذلك، جعلوا له شركاء، فنسبوا إليه بعض الأنعام التي خلقها. وزعموا أيضًا أنّ الملائكة بنات الله، فعبدوهم في صورة أصنام. ويحكي القرآن إقرارهم بخلق الله، ويعرض عليهم منطق الفطرة الإنسانية الذي يطّرحونه، ويبيّن السلوك الذي ينبغي أن يُقابَلوا به نِعَم الله عليهم، ولا سيما السفن والأنعام. ثم يصف ما يزعمونه عن الملائكة:
Amazingly, although the Arabs recognized that God was the Creator of the heavens and the earth, they did not follow this through to its logical conclusion, declaring His oneness and address all worship to Him. On the contrary, they attributed partners to Him, assigning to these some of the cattle He has created. They also alleged that the angels were God’s daughters whom they worshipped in the form of idols. The Qur’an reports their acknowledgement of God’s creation, puts before them the logic of human nature which they discard, and outlines the behaviour they should adopt in response to His blessings, particularly ships and cattle. It then describes what they claim about the angels:
وَلَئِن سَأَلْتَهُم مَّنْ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ لَيَقُولُنَّ خَلَقَهُنَّ الْعَزِيزُ الْعَلِيمُ. ٱلَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ مَهْدًا وَجَعَلَ لَكُمْ فِيهَا سُبُلًا لَّعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ. وَالَّذِي نَزَّلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً بِقَدَرٍ فَأَنشَرْنَا بِهِ بَلْدَةً مَّيْتًا كَذَٰلِكَ تُخْرَجُونَ. وَالَّذِي خَلَقَ الْأَزْوَاجَ كُلَّهَا وَجَعَلَ لَكُم مِّنَ الْفُلْكِ وَالْأَنْعَامِ مَا تَرْكَبُونَ. لِتَسْتَوُوا عَلَىٰ ظُهُورِهِ ثُمَّ تَذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ رَبِّكُمْ إِذَا اسْتَوَيْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ وَتَقُولُوا سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي سَخَّرَ لَنَا هَٰذَا وَمَا كُنَّا لَهُ مُقْرِنِينَ. وَإِنَّا إِلَىٰ رَبِّنَا لَمُنقَلِبُونَ.
Yet if you ask them, "Who created the heavens and the earth?’ they are sure to answer, ‘The Almighty, the All-Knowing created them. ’ It is He who has smoothed out the earth for you and has traced on it paths for you so that you can find your way. And He it is who sends down water from the sky in due measure. With it We raise dead land to life; and thus you will be raised from the dead. And He it is who created all living things in pairs, and provided for you the ships and animals on which you ride, so that when you are seated on their backs you remember your Lord's blessings and say: ‘Limitless in His glory is He who has made all this subservient to our use. We could not have done it by ourselves. To our Lord we shall most certainly return. (Verses 9-14)
كان لدى العرب دينٌ يمكن أن نتصوّره مكوَّنًا من بقايا الدين الخالص الأصلي لإبراهيم عليه السلام، وقد فقد ألوانه الأصلية المشرقة، واختلط بالأساطير. وما بقي منه كان شيئًا لا تستطيع الطبيعة البشرية أن تنكره، وهو أنّ للكون خالقًا هو الله: فالكون ما كان ليوجد بغير خالق، والخالق لا يمكن أن يكون إلا الله. غير أنّ العرب لم يبلغوا بهذه الحقيقة الفطرية نتيجتها المنطقية؛ بل وقفوا عند الحقيقة المجرّدة فحسب: ﴿وَلَئِن سَأَلْتَهُم مَّنْ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ لَيَقُولُنَّ خَلَقَهُنَّ الْعَزِيزُ الْعَلِيمُ﴾ (الآية 9)
بَرَكَاتٌ مِنْ كُلِّ نَوْعٍ
Blessings Of Every Type
ثم تنتقل السورة خطوة أبعد إلى عملية الحياة وظهور الكائنات الحية: ﴿وَالَّذِي نَزَّلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً بِقَدَرٍ فَأَنشَرْنَا بِهِ بَلْدَةً مَّيْتًا ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ تُخْرَجُونَ﴾ (الآية 11). والماءُ يَنزِلُ من السماء، كما يرى كلُّ إنسان ويعرف، لكنّ أكثر الناس لا يتأثرون بهذه الظاهرة العجيبة بسبب الألفة المفرطة.
The surah then looks a step further at the process of life and the emergence of living creatures: “And He it is who sends down water from the sky in due measure. With it We raise dead land to life; and thus you will be raised from the dead” (Verse 11) Water comes down from the skies, as every person sees and knows, but most people are not moved by this remarkable phenomenon because of over familiarity.
محمد، رسولُ الله ﷺ، كان له موقفٌ مختلفٌ مع ذلك، فكان ينظر إلى قطرات المطر بحبٍّ وفرحٍ يُرحِّب به، عالمًا أنها تأتي من الله؛ وبعبارة أخرى، كان قلبه يُدرك صُنعَ الله في هذه القطرات. وينبغي لكل قلبٍ يشعر برابطته بالله وبقوانين الطبيعة التي أجراها سبحانه أن يتبنّى هذا الموقف. فكل قطرة مطر هي نتيجةُ هذه القوانين الطبيعية التي تعمل تحت عين الله وسيطرته. وأن يكون ذلك المطر ناشئًا عن البخار الذي يتصاعد من الأرض ويبرد في الجو، لا يُقلِّل بأي وجهٍ من دلالة هذه الحقائق. مَن الذي أوجد الأرض، ووضع عليها الماء، وسخّرها للحرارة، وجعل الماء يتبخر بطبيعته ويرتفع البخار ويتكاثف؟ ومَن الذي منح الكون سائرَ خصائصه التي تُكسب البخار المتكاثف شحنةً كهربائية، حتى إذا تجمعت السحب سقط المطر بفعل شحناتها الكهربائية؟ يُضاف إلى ذلك: ما الكهرباء؟
Muhammad, God’s messenger, (peace be upon him), however, held a different attitude. He looked at the drops of rain with love and welcoming delight, knowing that they came from God; in other words, his heart recognized God’s handiwork in these drops. Every heart that is aware of its bond with God and the laws of nature He has set in operation should adopt this attitude. Every raindrop is the result of these laws of nature which operate under God’s eye and control. That rain originates from the vapour that rises from the earth and cools down in the atmosphere in no way diminishes the implication of these facts. Who has brought the earth into being, placed water on it, subjected it to heat, made water naturally evaporate and vapour rise and condense? Who has given the universe its other characteristics which give the condensing vapour an electrical charge so that when clouds gather, their electric charges cause rain to fall? Besides, what is electricity?
ما هي هذه الصفات الأخرى التي تنتج مجتمعةً أثر نزول المطر؟ غير أننا كلما ازددنا معرفةً بالطبيعة، ثقُلت معرفتُنا هذه على فهمنا وأثقلت كاهله. لم نعد نُقدّر الرسائل التي تحملها الظواهر الكونية، ولم نعد نسمح لهذه الرسائل بأن تُهذّب مشاعرنا واستجاباتنا.
What are these other characteristics that produce the combined effect of rain falling down? As we learn more about nature, however, our knowledge casts a heavy weight over our understanding. We no longer appreciate the messages given by universal phenomena; we no longer allow these messages to refine our feelings and responses.
خُرَافَةٌ سَخِيفَةٌ
An Absurd Superstition
ثم تشير السورة إلى الأسطورة الباطلة التي تجعل من الملائكة آلهةً، زاعمةً أنهم بنات الله، مع أنهم ليسوا إلا نوعًا مختلفًا من المخلوقات.
The surah then refers to the absurd legend that makes deities of angels, alleging that they are Gods daughters when they are no more than a different type of creature:
وَجَعَلُوا لَهُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ جُزْءًا ۚ إِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ لَكَفُورٌ مُّبِينٌ أَمِ اتَّخَذَ مِمَّا يَخْلُقُ بَنَاتٍ وَأَصْفَاكُم بِالْبَنِينَ وَإِذَا بُشِّرَ أَحَدُهُم بِمَا ضَرَبَ لِلرَّحْمَٰنِ مَثَلًا ظَلَّ وَجْهُهُ مُسْوَدًّا وَهُوَ كَظِيمٌ أَوَمَن يُنَشَّأُ فِي الْحِلْيَةِ وَهُوَ فِي الْخِصَامِ غَيْرُ مُبِينٍ وَجَعَلُوا الْمَلَائِكَةَ الَّذِينَ هُمْ عِبَادُ الرَّحْمَٰنِ إِنَاثًا ۚ أَشَهِدُوا خَلْقَهُمْ ۚ سَتُكْتَبُ شَهَادَتُهُمْ وَيُسْأَلُونَ وَقَالُوا لَوْ شَاءَ الرَّحْمَٰنُ مَا عَبَدْنَاهُمْ ۗ مَّا لَهُم بِذَٰلِكَ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ۖ
Yet they assign to Him some of His own servants as offspring. Surely man is clearly bereft ofallgratitude. Would He, out of all His creation, choose for Himself daughters and favour you with sons? If any of them i. given the good news of the birth of what he so readily attributes to the Lord of Grace, his face darkens and he is filled with gloom. [Would they ascribe to God] someone who is brought up among trinkets and cannot put together a clear argument? They claim that the angels, who are themselves but servants of the Lord of Grace, are females! Did they witness their creation? Their testimony will be put on record and they will be questioned about it. They say: 'Had it been the will of the Lord of Grace, we should never have worshipped them.9 Of that they have no knowledge:
كَلَّا، بَلْ هُمْ يَكْذِبُونَ. أَمْ آتَيْنَاهُمْ كِتَابًا مِنْ قَبْلِهِ فَهُمْ بِهِ مُسْتَمْسِكُونَ؟ بَلْ قَالُوا: إِنَّا وَجَدْنَا آبَاءَنَا عَلَىٰ أُمَّةٍ وَإِنَّا عَلَىٰ آثَارِهِمْ مُهْتَدُونَ. وَكَذَٰلِكَ مَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ فِي قَرْيَةٍ مِنْ نَذِيرٍ إِلَّا قَالَ مُتْرَفُوهَا: إِنَّا وَجَدْنَا آبَاءَنَا عَلَىٰ أُمَّةٍ وَإِنَّا عَلَىٰ آثَارِهِمْ مُقْتَدُونَ. قَالَ: أَوَلَوْ جِئْتُكُمْ بِأَهْدَىٰ مِمَّا وَجَدْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ آبَاءَكُمْ؟ قَالُوا: إِنَّا بِمَا أُرْسِلْتُمْ بِهِ كَافِرُونَ. فَانْتَقَمْنَا مِنْهُمْ، فَانْظُرْ كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الْمُكَذِّبِينَ. (الآيات ١٥-٢٥)
they are blatantly lying. Or have We given them a book before this one to which they are still holding fast? No indeed! They say, 'We found our forefathers following this tradition and we find our guidance by following in their footsteps.9 And thus it is: whenever, before your time, We sent a messenger to any community, the wealthy among them said: 'We found our forefathers following this tradition and we are only following in their footsteps.9 He said: 'Even though I bring you a guidance better than what you saw your forefathers following?9 They replied: 'We reject the message you have been sent with.9 Therefore, We inflicted Our retribution on them. Reflect on how those who rejected the truth met their end. (Verses 15-25)