هود (المنظور الاجتماعی) 84-99
Hud (Social Perspective) 84-99
وَإِلَىٰ مَدْيَنَ أَخَاهُمْ شُعَيْبًا ۗ قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا لَكُم مِّنْ إِلَٰهٍ غَيْرُهُ ۖ وَلَا تَنقُصُوا الْمِكْيَالَ وَالْمِيزَانَ ۚ إِنِّي أَرَاكُم بِخَيْرٍ وَإِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ مُّحِيطٍ (٨٤)
And to Madyan We sent their brother Shu`ayb. He said: ‘My people! Worship God alone. You have no deity other than Him. Do not give short measure and weight. I see you now in a happy state, yet I dread lest suffering befall you on a fateful day which will encompass all. (84)
يَا قَوْمِ أَوْفُوا الْمِكْيَالَ وَالْمِيزَانَ بِالْقِسْطِ، وَلَا تَبْخَسُوا النَّاسَ أَشْيَاءَهُمْ، وَلَا تَعْثَوْا فِي الْأَرْضِ مُفْسِدِينَ. (85)
My people, always give full measure and weight, in all fairness, and do not deprive people of what is rightfully theirs, and do not spread corruption on earth by wicked actions. (85)
بَقِيَّتُ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ ۚ وَمَا أَنَا عَلَيْكُمْ بِحَفِيظٍ۔ (86)
That which rests with God is better for you, if you truly believe. I am not your keeper.’ (86)
قَالُوا يَا شُعَيْبُ أَصَلَاتُكَ تَأْمُرُكَ أَنْ نَتْرُكَ مَا يَعْبُدُ آبَاؤُنَا أَوْ أَنْ نَفْعَلَ فِي أَمْوَالِنَا مَا نَشَاءُ ۚ إِنَّكَ لَأَنْتَ الْحَلِيمُ الرَّشِيدُ
They said: ‘Shu`ayb, do your prayers compel you to demand of us that we should renounce all that our forefathers worshipped, or that we refrain from doing what we please with our property? You are indeed the one who is clement and right- minded!’ (87)
قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِن كُنتُ عَلَىٰ بَيِّنَةٍ مِّن رَّبِّي وَرَزَقَنِي مِنْهُ رِزْقًا حَسَنًا ۚ وَمَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُخَالِفَكُمْ إِلَىٰ مَا أَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ ۚ إِنْ أُرِيدُ إِلَّا الْإِصْلَاحَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُ ۚ وَمَا تَوْفِيقِي إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ ۚ عَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلْتُ وَإِلَيْهِ أُنِيبُ
He said: ‘Think, my people! If I take my stand on a clear evidence from my Lord and He has provided me with goodly sustenance which He alone can give? I have no desire to do, in opposition to you, what I ask you not to do. All that I desire is to set things to rights in so far as it lies within my power. My success depends on God alone. In Him have I placed my trust, and to Him I always turn. (88)
يا قومِ، لا يَجْرِمَنَّكُم شِقَاقِي أَن يُصِيبَكُم مِّثْلُ مَا أَصَابَ قَوْمَ نُوحٍ أَوْ قَوْمَ هُودٍ أَوْ قَوْمَ صَالِحٍ ۚ وَمَا قَوْمُ لُوطٍ مِّنكُم بِبَعِيدٍ ﴿٨٩﴾
My people, let not your disagreement with me bring upon you a fate similar to those that befell the peoples of Noah, Hūd or Şāliĥ; nor were Lot’s people far away from you. (89)
فَاسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ ثُمَّ تُوبُوا إِلَيْهِ ۚ إِنَّ رَبِّي رَحِيمٌ وَدُودٌ ﴿٩٠﴾
Hence, pray to your Lord to forgive you your sins, and then turn towards Him in repentance. My Lord is indeed Merciful and All-loving.’ (90)
قَالُوا يَا شُعَيْبُ مَا نَفْقَهُ كَثِيرًا مِّمَّا تَقُولُ وَإِنَّا لَنَرَاكَ فِينَا ضَعِيفًا ۖ وَلَوْلَا رَهْطُكَ لَرَجَمْنَاكَ ۖ وَمَا أَنتَ عَلَيْنَا بِعَزِيزٍ
They said: ‘Shu`ayb, we cannot understand much of what you say. But we do see clearly how weak you are in our midst. Were it not for your family, we would have stoned you. You do not command a position of great respect among us.’ (91)
قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ أَرَهْطِي أَعَزُّ عَلَيْكُم مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَاتَّخَذْتُمُوهُ وَرَاءَكُمْ ظِهْرِيًّا ۖ إِنَّ رَبِّي بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ مُحِيطٌ
Said he: ‘My people, do you hold my family in greater esteem than God? You have turned your backs on Him. My Lord encompasses [with His might] all that you do. (92)
اعْمَلُوا مَا شِئْتُمْ، فَإِنِّي عَامِلٌ كَذَلِكَ.
Do what you will, my people, and so will I.
سَتَعْلَمُونَ مَنْ هُوَ الكَاذِبُ الأَشِرُ، فَارْتَقِبُوا إِنَّا مُرْتَقِبُونَ. Note: the rendering above is a quotation of the Qur'an (Surat al-Qamar 54:26), which does not match the English text given; the English is a paraphrase with different wording. Since you asked for a faithful translation of your text, here it is instead: ستعلمون مَن سيأتيه عذاب يُخزيه، ومَن هو كذاب. فانتظروا، وإني معكم من المنتظرين. (93)
You shall come to know who shall be visited by suffering that will cover him with ignominy, and who is a liar. Watch, then [for what is coming], and I shall watch with you.’ (93)
وَلَمَّا جَاءَ أَمْرُنَا نَجَّيْنَا شُعَيْبًا وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ بِرَحْمَةٍ مِّنَّا وَأَخَذَتِ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا الصَّيْحَةُ فَأَصْبَحُوا فِي دِيَارِهِمْ جَاثِمِينَ (94)
When Our judgement came to pass, by Our grace We saved Shu`ayb and those who shared his faith. The blast overtook the wrongdoers, and when morning came, they lay lifeless on the ground, in their very homes, (94)
كأن لم يُقيموا فيها قط
as though they had never prospered there.
أَلَا بُعْدًا لِّمَدْيَنَ كَمَا بَعِدَتْ ثَمُودُ
Oh, away with the people of Madyan, even as the Thamūd have been done away with! (95)
وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا مُوسَىٰ بِآيَاتِنَا وَسُلْطَانٍ مُّبِينٍ
Indeed, We sent Moses with Our signs and a manifest authority, (96)
إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ وَمَلَئِهِ، فَاتَّبَعُوا أَمْرَ فِرْعَوْنَ، وَمَا أَمْرُ فِرْعَوْنَ بِرَشِيدٍ
to Pharaoh and his noble men. They, however, followed only Pharaoh’s bidding.
وَمَا أَمْرُ فِرْعَوْنَ بِرَشِيدٍ
Pharaoh’s bidding led by no means to what is right. (97)
يَقْدُمُ قَوْمَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَيُوْرِدُهُمُ النَّارَ ۖ وَبِئْسَ الْوِرْدُ الْمَوْرُودُ ٩٨
He will come at the head of his people on the Day of Resurrection, leading them to the fire. Vile was the destination towards which they were led. (98)
أُتْبِعُوا فِي هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا لَعْنَةً وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ۔
A curse is made to follow them in this world and on the Day of Resurrection.
بِئْسَ مَا اشْتَرَوْا بِهِ أَنْفُسَهُمْ، ... ? No — the quoted sentence is a translation of a Qur'anic-style phrase but the user gave it in English as text to translate. Translating faithfully: بِئْسَ الثَّمَنُ الَّذِي بَاعُوا بِهِ أَنْفُسَهُمْ
Vile was the renewable gift which they were given. (99)
معاينة
Preview
هذه مرحلة أخرى من الرسالة نفسها التي تدعو إلى الإيمان نفسه. وهنا قصة شعيب وقومه الذين كانوا يسكنون مَدْيَن. ويُقرن فيها قضيةُ الإيمان بالله وتوحيده مع قضية الأمانة والعدل في المعاملات التجارية، وهي قضية ترتبط ارتباطًا وثيقًا بالإيمان بالله، والإسلام له وحده، وتطبيق شرعه. ومع ذلك، فقد أُصيب أهلُ مَدْيَن بالدهشة الشديدة من ربط القضيتين معًا.
This is yet another stage of the same message preaching the same faith. Here we have an account of Shu`ayb and his people, who lived at Madyan. Coupled with the main issue of faith and God’s oneness, we also have here the issue of honesty and justice in business transactions. It is an issue closely related to faith in God, submission to Him alone and the implementation of His laws. The people of Madyan, however, were totally astonished at the two issues being linked together.
لم يكونوا يدركون العلاقة بين المعاملات المالية والصلاة، وهي مظهرٌ من مظاهر الخضوع لله.
They could not comprehend the relationship between financial transactions and prayer, which is a manifestation of submission to God.
یہ واقعہ ہود علیہ السلام اور قومِ عاد کے واقعات کے انہی خطوط پر چلتا ہے، اور صالح علیہ السلام اور قومِ ثمود کے واقعات سے بھی مماثلت رکھتا ہے۔ تاہم اس کا اختتام، اور آخری انجام کو بیان کرنے کا اسلوب اور الفاظ، اسے صالح علیہ السلام کے واقعے سے زیادہ قریب کر دیتے ہیں۔ درحقیقت دونوں واقعات میں دونوں قوموں پر آنے والے عذاب کی ایک ہی نوعیت ہے، اور ملتے جلتے الفاظ میں بیان ہوئی ہے۔
The history given here follows the same lines as the accounts of Hūd with the `Ād, and Şāliĥ with the Thamūd. Its conclusion, and the style and expressions used to portray the final outcome, however, make it more akin to Şāliĥ’s history. Indeed the two histories portray the same type of suffering, expressed in similar terms, befalling the two peoples.
الإيمان والتجارة العادلة
Faith And Fair Trading
وَإِلَىٰ مَدْيَنَ أَخَاهُمْ شُعَيْبًا ۚ قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا لَكُم مِّنْ إِلَٰهٍ غَيْرُهُ
“And to Madyan We sent their brother Shu`ayb. He said: ‘My people! Worship God alone.
﴿لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ﴾ (الآیۃ ۸۴)۔ اللہ کے سامنے تسلیمِ محض ایمان کا پہلا رکن ہے، زندگی کا پہلا اصول ہے، قانون کا اولین مبدأ ہے اور انسانی معاملات کی بنیاد ہے۔ یہ وہ اصول ہے جس کے بغیر نہ ایمان اپنی صحیح صورت اختیار کر سکتا ہے، نہ عبادت، اور نہ ہی انسانی معاملات۔
You have no deity other than Him.’” (Verse 84) Submission to God alone is the first article of faith as well as the first rule of life and the first principle of law and human transactions. It is the principle without which faith, worship or human dealings cannot take their proper shape.
"Do not give short measure and weight. I see you now in a happy state, yet I dread lest suffering befall you on a fateful day which will encompass all. My people, always give full measure and weight, in all fairness, and do not deprive people of what is rightfully theirs, and do not spread corruption on earth by wicked actions. That which rests with God is better for you, if you truly believe. I am not your keeper." (Verses 84-86) The main issue here is honesty and justice, which comes second only to the issue of faith and submission to God. In other words, it is the issue of the law which governs business dealings on the basis of faith. The people of Madyan, whose country was an enclave of land lying between Hijaz and Syria, used to give short measure and weight, thus wronging other people in respect of what was rightfully theirs. That is, they used to give other people less than the value of their goods. Their misconduct reflected badly on their integrity and honour and showed that they were far from clean both externally and at heart. Their geographical position meant that they were able to control the trade route of the caravans moving between the north and the south of Arabia. This enabled them to dictate unfair terms on other peoples' trade.
“Do not give short measure and weight. I see you now in a happy state, yet I dread lest suffering befall you on a fateful day which will encompass all. My people, always give full measure and weight, in all fairness, and do not deprive people of what is rightfully theirs, and do not spread corruption on earth by wicked actions. That which rests with God is better for you, if you truly believe. I am not your keeper.” (Verses 84-86) The main issue here is honesty and justice, which comes second only to the issue of faith and submission to God. In other words, it is the issue of the law which governs business dealings on the basis of faith. The people of Madyan, whose country was an enclave of land lying between Hijaz and Syria, used to give short measure and weight, thus wronging other people in respect of what was rightfully theirs. That is, they used to give other people less than the value of their goods. Their misconduct reflected badly on their integrity and honour and showed that they were far from clean both externally and at heart. Their geographical position meant that they were able to control the trade route of the caravans moving between the north and the south of Arabia. This enabled them to dictate unfair terms on other peoples’ trade.
الدِّينُ والمُعَامَلاتُ الماليَّةُ
Religion And Financial Dealings
كانت قوم مَدْيَن متصلّبةً في ممارساتها الفاسدة، وجاء ردّهم ساخرًا؛ فكل كلمة فيه تنضح بالسخرية. ومع ذلك كان ردّهم يدلّ على جهلهم وعنادهم الشديد: ﴿قَالُوا يَا شُعَيْبُ أَصَلَاتُكَ تَأْمُرُكَ أَن نَّتْرُكَ مَا يَعْبُدُ آبَاؤُنَا أَوْ أَن نَّفْعَلَ فِي أَمْوَالِنَا مَا نَشَاءُ ۖ إِنَّكَ لَأَنتَ الْحَلِيمُ الرَّشِيدُ﴾ (الآية 87).
The people of Madyan were hardened in their corrupt practices. Their reply was sarcastic. Every word of it smacked of sarcasm. Yet it also indicated their ignorance and mulish obstinacy: “They said: ‘Shu`ayb, do your prayers compel you to demand of us that we should renounce all that our forefathers worshipped, or that we refrain from doing what we please with our property? You are indeed the one who is clement and right- minded!’” (Verse 87)
لم يدركوا، ولم يريدوا أن يدركوا، أن الصلاة واجبة بمقتضى الإيمان، باعتبارها مظهرًا من مظاهر الاستسلام الحقيقي لله. ولا يمكن أن يقوم الإيمان بدون الاعتراف بوحدانية الله، والتبرؤ من كل ما كان يعبده هم وآباؤهم. وكذلك لا يمكن أن يقوم إلا بتطبيق شرع الله في شؤون التجارة والمال، وفي جميع مجالات الحياة. فهذه كلها كلٌّ متكامل، ولا يمكن فصل الإيمان عن الصلاة، ولا عن التشريع الذي يشمل جميع جوانب الحياة الإنسانية.
They did not realize, nor wanted to realize, that prayers are required by faith, as a manifestation of true submission to God. Faith cannot be established without the recognition of God’s oneness and the renunciation of everything else they or their forefathers worshipped. Likewise, it cannot be established unless God’s legislation in matters of trade and finance, as well as in all spheres of life, are implemented. All these are a complete whole, and faith cannot be separated from prayers or legislation which caters for all aspects of human life.
أهلُ مَدْيَن، الذين كان لديهم تصورٌ فاسدٌ عن الصلة بين الإيمان والعبادة، وبين هذين والمعاملاتِ التجارية، عاشوا منذ زمنٍ بعيد. لكنْ بدلًا من أن نُطيلَ في استنكار موقفهم، ينبغي أن نُذكِّرَ أنفسَنا بأنّ الناسَ اليومَ يتمسّكون بتصوراتٍ لا تختلف كثيرًا عن تصورات قومِ شُعيب. وعالَمُ الجاهلية الذي نراه من حولنا اليوم ليس أفضلَ حالًا ولا أعقلَ من الجاهلية الأولى. فإضفاءُ الألوهية على غير الله إلى جانبه، الذي كان يمارسه قومُ شُعيب، ما زال يمارسه اليومَ معظمُ البشر، بمن فيهم من يدّعون أنهم يهودٌ أو نصارى أو مسلمون. فجميعهم يحاولون أن يُقيموا حاجزًا يفصل بين الإيمان والعبادة من جهة، وبين الشريعة والمعاملات من جهة أخرى. يزعمون أنّ الإيمان والعبادة لله، ينبغي أن تُمارَسا وفق أوامره، أما الشريعةُ والمعاملاتُ فلا تعنيه، وإنما ينبغي أن تُدار بأمرِ سلطةٍ أخرى. وهذا في حقيقته هو جوهرُ الإشراك بالله.
The people of Madyan, who had such an ill-conceived idea of the connection between faith and worship, and between the two and business transactions lived a long time ago. But rather than denounce their attitude at length we should remind ourselves that people today stick to certain concepts which are not much different from those of Shu`ayb’s people. The world of jāhiliyyah which we see around us today is not much better or more intelligent than the earlier one. The sort of ascription of Godhead to other beings alongside God, which was practised by Shu`ayb’s people, is still practised today by most of mankind, including those who claim to be Jews, Christians, or Muslims. All try to establish a barrier separating faith and worship on the one hand and law and business transactions on the other. They claim that faith and worship belong to God and should be conducted according to His instructions, while the law and business do not concern Him. These should be conducted according to the bidding of some other authority. This is indeed the essence of attributing partners to God.
حُجّةُ النَّبِيِّ الرَّحِيمِ ﷺ
A Kind Prophet’s Argument
فاطمئن شعيب إلى صحة رسالته، ويدرك جهل قومه وقصر نظرهم، فلا يُثنيه سخريتهم، بل يسعى إلى أن يبيّن لهم بلطف أنه يقف على بيّنة من ربه، يجدها في أعماق قلبه. ويوضح لهم أنه واثق تمام الثقة بصحة ما يدعو إليه، لأن علمه يفوق علمهم بكثير. وإذ يدعوهم إلى التمسك بالمعاملة الأمينة، فإن آثار تلك الأمانة تعود عليه كذلك، فهو رجل من أهل التجارة. ولا يطلب من ذلك منفعة شخصية يسعى إلى تحقيقها لنفسه، ولا يريد أن يأتي من وراء ظهورهم ما نهاهم عنه، ليتمتع بسوق خالية من المنافسة. إن دعوته دعوة إصلاح تشمله هو نفسه، والطريق الذي يأمرهم باتباعه لن يُلحق بهم أي خسارة، كما يظنون خطأً.
Shu`ayb, fully confident of the truth of his message, and aware of his people’s ignorance and short-sightedness, does not let their sarcasm affect him. On the contrary, he seeks to inform them politely that he takes his stand on clear evidence from his Lord, which he feels in his innermost heart. He explains to them that he is fully confident of the truth of what he advocates because his knowledge far exceeds theirs. When he calls on them to stick to honest dealings, the effects of such honesty also apply to him since he is a businessman. He is after no personal gain which he seeks to realize for himself. He does not intend to do behind their backs what he has forbidden them so that he enjoys a market free from competition. His call is one of reform which includes himself. The path he enjoins them to follow will not cause them any losses, as they mistakenly think.
قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِن كُنتُ عَلَىٰ بَيِّنَةٍ مِّن رَّبِّي وَرَزَقَنِي مِنْهُ رِزْقًا حَسَنًا ۚ وَمَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُخَالِفَكُمْ إِلَىٰ مَا أَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ ۚ إِنْ أُرِيدُ إِلَّا الْإِصْلَاحَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُ ۚ وَمَا تَوْفِيقِي إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ ۚ عَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلْتُ وَإِلَيْهِ أُنِيبُ
He said: Think, my people! If I take my stand on a clear evidence from my Lord and He has provided me with goodly sustenance which He alone can give? I have no desire to do, in opposition to you, what I ask you not to do. All that I desire is to set things to rights in so far as it lies within my power. My success depends on God alone. In Him have I placed my trust, and to Him I always turn.’ (Verse 88)
شُعَيْب ﷺ یہ نہیں، بلکہ یہ ہے Correction: the instruction says ﷺ only after the Prophet Muhammad, so Shu`ayb must not carry it. Here is the translation: شُعَيْبٌ ان سے دوستانہ اور دل کو بھانے والے انداز میں مخاطب ہوتے ہیں، اور انہیں اپنے ساتھ اپنے قریبی تعلق کی یاد دلاتے ہیں: "اے میری قوم! بھلا دیکھو تو، اگر میں اپنے رب کی طرف سے ایک واضح دلیل پر قائم ہوں..." میں اس کی موجودگی کو بلاشبہ محسوس کرتا ہوں، اور مجھے یقین ہے کہ یہی وہ ہے جو مجھ پر وحی نازل فرماتا ہے اور مجھے حکم دیتا ہے کہ اس کا پیغام تم تک پہنچاؤں۔ کامل اعتماد اور یقین کے ساتھ میں اسی دلیل پر قائم ہوں جو میرے نزدیک نہایت حقیقی ہے۔ اور اسی نے مجھے پاکیزہ رزق عطا فرمایا ہے جو صرف وہی دے سکتا ہے... اور اس میں سے کچھ میرا اپنا مال ہے جس کے ساتھ میں اپنا کاروبار چلاتا ہوں۔
عندما تفشل جميع الحجج
When All Arguments Fail
«قَالُوا يَا شُعَيْبُ مَا نَفْقَهُ كَثِيرًا مِمَّا تَقُولُ وَإِنَّا لَنَرَاكَ فِينَا ضَعِيفًا ۖ وَلَوْلَا رَهْطُكَ لَرَجَمْنَاكَ ۖ وَمَا أَنْتَ عَلَيْنَا بِعَزِيزٍ» (الآية ٩١) لقد أوضح أهلُ مَدْيَنَ لشعيبٍ أنهم ضاقوا ذرعًا به وبدعوته، فلم يريدوا أن يعرفوا شيئًا عن الحق الذي كان يعرضه، ولم يبالوا بأي أمر يخالف نظرتهم إلى الحياة أو عاداتهم. وهكذا، كان القوة البدنية وحدها هي المعتبرة في نظرهم، وأما الحق الصريح فلم يكن له في الحقيقة أي أهمية، مهما بلغت قوة حجته، إذا لم يكن مدعومًا بالقوة المادية:
“They said: ‘Shu`ayb, we cannot understand much of what you say. But we do see clearly how weak you are in our midst. Were it not for your family, we would have stoned you. You do not command a position of great respect among us.’” (Verse 91) The people of Madyan made it clear to Shu`ayb that they were fed up with him and with his message. They did not want to know anything about the truth he was presenting and did not care for anything which differed with their attitude to life or with their practices. Thus, in their view, only physical strength mattered. Plain truth was of no real significance, regardless of the strength of its argument, if it was not supported by physical power:
«إِنَّا لَنَرَاكَ فِينَا ضَعِيفًا، وَلَوْلَا رَهْطُكَ لَرَجَمْنَاكَ». وَالَّذِي مَنَعَهُمْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَحْسِبُونَ حِسَابَ قُوَّةِ عَشِيرَةِ شُعَيْبٍ وَأُسْرَتِهِ، الَّذِينَ يُفْتَرَضُ أَنْ يَنْهَضُوا لِنُصْرَتِهِ. وَلَمْ يَحْسِبُوا حِسَابَ قُوَّةِ اللهِ الَّذِي لَا يَتْرُكُ رَسُولَهُ لِرَحْمَةِ أَعْدَائِهِ. وَقَالُوا لِشُعَيْبٍ بِغِلْظَةٍ: «مَا أَنْتَ فِينَا بِذِي مَكَانَةٍ كَبِيرَةٍ». فَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ احْتِرَامٌ لَهُ بِوَصْفِهِ شَخْصًا كَرِيمًا، وَلَا لِقُوَّتِهِ هُوَ. إِنَّمَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَنْظُرُوا فِي مَا قَدْ تَفْعَلُهُ عَشِيرَتُهُ إِنْ أَصَابَهُ شَيْءٌ.
“We do see clearly how weak you are in our midst. Were it not for your family, we would have stoned you.” What restrained them from doing so was the fact that they reckoned with the power of Shu`ayb’s clan and family who were supposed to come to his defence. They did not reckon with the power of God who would not leave His messenger to the mercy of His enemies. They rudely told Shu`ayb: “You do not command a position of great respect among us.” They had no respect for him as a noble person, nor for his own strength. They only had to consider what his clan might do if anything happened to him.
عندما يخلو الناس من الإيمان الصحيح، والقيم السليمة، والمثل العليا، فإنهم لا يهتمون بشيء وراء مصالحهم العاجلة أو رفاهيتهم المادية.
When people are devoid of proper faith, sound values and noble ideals, they care nothing for anything beyond their immediate interests or their material well-being.
إنّهم لا يرَوْنَ لأيِّ قضيةٍ نبيلةٍ أو حقٍّ ظاهرٍ أيَّ حرمةٍ على الإطلاق، ولا يتردّدون في الاعتداء على دعاةِ دينِ الله إذا لم يكن لهؤلاء قوةٌ ظاهرةٌ تحميهم.
لعنتان على قوم فرعون
A Double Curse For Pharaoh’s People
في سلسلة الروايات التاريخية الواردة في هذه السورة، يُذكر في الختام موسى وفرعون. وهنا نجد عرضًا موجزًا جدًا مع إشارات عدة إلى تفاصيل القصة، دون أن تُذكر هنا جزئيات. وتُسجَّل نهاية فرعون وقومه، مع مشهد حيّ وواقعي جدًا من يوم القيامة. كما نجد بيانًا لمبدأ إسلامي أساسي، وهو أن مسؤولية الفرد لا تسقط بحال لمجرد أنه اختار أن يتبع سيده أو حاكمه.
In the series of historical accounts given in this sūrah, the final reference is made to Moses and Pharaoh. We have here only a very brief account with several references to the details of the story, but no specifics are given here. The end which Pharaoh and his people met is recorded, along with a very vivid and real scene of the Day of Resurrection. We also have a statement of a basic Islamic principle whereby individual responsibility cannot be overlooked simply because the individual concerned chooses to follow his master or ruler.
تبدأ الرواية هنا بإرسال الله موسى إلى فرعون، حاكم مصر العظيم، وإلى أشراف دولته. ويمنح الله موسى القوة والسلطان الواضح: «ولقد أرسلنا موسى بآياتنا وسلطان مبين * إلى فرعون وملئه» (الآيتان 96-97). ولا تُذكر تفاصيل قبل بيان النهاية، إذ يُقال ببساطة إن القوم أطاعوا فرعون وعصوا الله، رغم ما اتسم به كل ما فعله فرعون من حماقة وقصر نظر وتجاوز. «فاتبعوا أمر فرعون وما أمر فرعون برشيد» (الآية 97).
The account given here opens with God’s sending Moses to Pharaoh, the great ruler of Egypt, and the chiefs of his government. God gives Moses strength and clear authority. “We sent Moses with Our signs and a manifest authority to Pharaoh and his noble men.” (Verses 96-97) No details are given before the end is stated. The people simply obeyed Pharaoh and disobeyed God, despite all the stupidity, short- sightedness and excesses which characterized all that Pharaoh had done. “They, however, followed only Pharaoh’s bidding. Pharaoh’s bidding led by no means to what is right.” (Verse 97)
انتخب القوم أن يتبعوا فرعون اتباعاً أعمى، دون أن يتوقفوا ليفكّروا فيما إذا كان يهديهم إلى الرشد أم لا. لقد أذلّوا أنفسهم وداسوا حريتهم والإرادة التي وهبهم الله إياها. ولذلك كان من الطبيعي، كما يقول القرآن، أن يتقدّمهم فرعون يوم القيامة، وأن يتبعوه: ﴿يَقْدُمُ قَوْمَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَأَوْرَدَهُمُ النَّارَ﴾ (الآية 98).
The people chose to follow Pharaoh blindly, without stopping to think whether he guided them rightly or not. They degraded themselves and trampled over their own freedom and the will with which God had endowed them. Hence, it was only natural, as the Qur’ān states, that Pharaoh will lead them on the Day of Resurrection, and that they will follow him: “He will come at the head of his people on the Day of Resurrection.” (Verse 98)
نَقْلُنا إلى القصة في الماضي والوعد الذي سيتحقق في المستقبل، ولكنّ المشهد يتغيّر هنا، فما كان مستقبلًا صار ماضيًا. لقد قاد فرعون قومه إلى جهنم، وانتهى الأمر: «يَقْدُمُ قَوْمَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَأَوْرَدَهُمُ النَّارَ». (الآية 98) قادهم كما يقود الراعي قطيعه، فهم في الحقيقة غنم تسير بلا بصيرة. لقد فرّطوا في أساسٍ بالغ الأهمية للإنسانية، وهو حرية الاختيار. لقد قادهم إلى جهنم. وللتعبير العربي المستخدم هنا دلالة إضافية، وهي قصد إيرادهم موردًا يشربون منه، ولكنه أيّ شراب سيشربون، شرابٌ لا يُطفئ عطشًا: