هود (ضيوف إبراهيم الخاصون) ٦٩-٨٣
Hud (Abraham’s Special Guests) 69-83
وَلَقَدْ جَاءَتْ رُسُلُنَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ بِالْبُشْرَىٰ ۖ قَالُوا سَلَامًا ۖ قَالَ سَلَامٌ ۖ فَمَا لَبِثَ أَنْ جَاءَ بِعِجْلٍ حَنِيذٍ (69)
Our messengers came to Abraham with good news. They bade him peace, and he answered: ‘Peace [be to you].’ He then hastened to bring them a roasted calf. (69)
فَلَمَّا رَأَىٰ أَيْدِيَهُمْ لَا تَصِلُ إِلَيْهِ نَكِرَهُمْ وَأَوْجَسَ مِنْهُمْ خِيفَةً ۚ قَالُوا لَا تَخَفْ إِنَّا أُرْسِلْنَا إِلَىٰ قَوْمِ لُوطٍ
But when he saw that their hands did not reach out to it, he felt their conduct strange and became apprehensive of them. They said: ‘Do not be alarmed. We are sent to the people of Lot.’ (70)
وَامْرَأَتُهُ قَائِمَةٌ فَضَحِكَتْ فَبَشَّرْنَاهَا بِإِسْحَاقَ وَمِن وَرَاءِ إِسْحَاقَ يَعْقُوبَ ﴿٧١﴾
His wife, standing nearby, laughed; whereupon We gave her the happy news of [her giving birth to] Isaac and, after Isaac, Jacob. (71)
قَالَتْ يَا وَيْلَتَىٰ أَأَلِدُ وَأَنَا عَجُوزٌ وَهَٰذَا بَعْلِي شَيْخًا ۚ إِنَّ هَٰذَا لَشَيْءٌ عَجِيبٌ (72)
Said she: ‘Woe is me! Shall 1 bear a child, now that I am an old woman and this my husband is well-advanced in years? This is a strange thing indeed.’ (72)
قَالُوا أَتَعْجَبِينَ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ ۖ رَحْمَتُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ عَلَيْكُمْ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ ۚ إِنَّهُ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ (73)
They said: ‘Do you marvel at God’s decree? May God’s mercy and blessings be upon you, people of this house. He is indeed ever to be praised, Glorious.’ (73)
{فَلَمَّا ذَهَبَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الرَّوْعُ وَجَاءَتْهُ الْبُشْرَىٰ يُجَادِلُنَا فِي قَوْمِ لُوطٍ} (٧٤)
When his fear had left Abraham, and he received the happy news, he began to plead with Us for Lot’s people. (74)
إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لَحَلِيمٌ أَوَّاهٌ مُّنِيبٌ (75)
Abraham was indeed most clement, tender- hearted, and devout. (75)
يا إبراهيم! أعرِض عن هذا [الاستعطاف].
Abraham! Leave off all this [pleading].
قَضَى رَبُّكَ أَمْرٌ لَا بُدَّ أَنْ يَقَعَ.
Your Lord’s judgement must come to pass.
سَيُصِيبُهُمْ عَذَابٌ لَا يُرَدُّ۔ (76)
They shall be afflicted by an irrevocable torment. (76)
وَلَمَّا جَاءَتْ رُسُلُنَا لُوطًا سِيءَ بِهِمْ وَضَاقَ بِهِمْ ذَرْعًا وَقَالَ هَٰذَا يَوْمٌ عَصِيبٌ
When Our messengers came to Lot he was troubled on their account, for he was powerless to offer them protection. He said:
"هَذَا يَوْمٌ عَصِيبٌ" (77)
‘This is a woeful day.’ (77)
وَجَاءَهُ قَوْمُهُ يُهْرَعُونَ إِلَيْهِ وَمِن قَبْلُ كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ السَّيِّئَاتِ ۚ قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ هَٰؤُلَاءِ بَنَاتِي هُنَّ أَطْهَرُ لَكُمْ ۖ فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَلَا تُخْزُونِ فِي ضَيْفِي ۖ أَلَيْسَ مِنكُمْ رَجُلٌ رَّشِيدٌ
His people came running towards him, for they had been long keen on abominable practices. He said: ‘My people! Here are my daughters: they are purer for you. Have fear of God and do not disgrace me by wronging my guests. Is there not one right- minded man among you?’ (78)
قَالُوا لَقَدْ عَلِمْتَ مَا لَنَا فِي بَنَاتِكَ مِنْ حَقٍّ وَإِنَّكَ لَتَعْلَمُ مَا نُرِيدُ
They answered: ‘You know we have no need of your daughters; and indeed you well know what we want.’ (79)
قَالَ لَوْ أَنَّ لِي بِكُمْ قُوَّةً أَوْ آوِي إِلَىٰ رُكْنٍ شَدِيدٍ (80)
He said: ‘Would that with you I had real strength, or that I could lean on some mighty support.’ (80)
قَالُوا يَا لُوطُ إِنَّا رُسُلُ رَبِّكَ لَن يَصِلُوا إِلَيْكَ
[The angels] said: ‘Lot, we are messengers from your Lord. They shall not touch you.
فَأَسْرِ بِأَهْلِكَ بِقِطْعٍ مِّنَ اللَّيْلِ وَلَا يَلْتَفِتْ مِنكُمْ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا امْرَأَتَكَ ۖ إِنَّهُ مُصِيبُهَا مَا أَصَابَهُمْ ۚ إِنَّ مَوْعِدَهُمُ الصُّبْحُ ۚ أَلَيْسَ الصُّبْحُ بِقَرِيبٍ
Depart with your household, during the night, and let none of you look back, except for your wife. She shall suffer the same fate which is to befall them. Their appointed time is the morning. Is not the morning near?’ (81)
فَلَمَّا جَاءَ أَمْرُنَا جَعَلْنَا عَالِيَهَا سَافِلَهَا وَأَمْطَرْنَا عَلَيْهَا حِجَارَةً مِّن سِجِّيلٍ مَّنضُودٍ ﴿٨٢﴾
When Our Judgement came to pass We turned those [towns] upside down, and rained on them stones of clay, ranged one upon another, (82)
{وَمَا هِيَ مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ بِبَعِيدٍ} — مُعَلَّمَةً عِندَ رَبِّكَ ۚ وَمَا هِيَ مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ بِبَعِيدٍ
marked out as from your Lord. Nor is such [punishment] far from the wrongdoers.
(83)
(83)
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تُبيِّنُ هذه السورةُ في إيجازٍ تاريخَ الأقوامِ الذين خَلَفوا قومَ نوحٍ في الأرض. وتُشيرُ إلى أممٍ نالتْ نِعَمَ اللهِ ورِضاه، وأخرى استحقتْ سخطَه وعقابَه. ثم نجدُ إشارةً إلى جانبٍ من قصةِ إبراهيمَ عليه السلام، نشهدُ فيها نِعَمَ اللهِ عليه. ويُفضي ذلك إلى قصةِ قومِ لوطٍ الذين لقُوا نهايةً مؤلمةً. وفي القصتين تتحققُ الوعدُ المزدوجُ الذي وعدَ اللهُ به نوحًا عليه السلام، وكان نصُّه كالتالي:
This sūrah gives a brief history of the people who were left in charge of the earth after Noah’s time. It refers to certain communities which received God’s blessings and to others which incurred His displeasure and deserved His punishment. We now have a reference to a part of Abraham’s story in which we witness God’s blessings. This leads to the story of Lot’s people who suffered a painful end. In both stories the dual promise God made to Noah is fulfilled. God’s promise ran as follows:
قِيلَ يَا نُوحُ اهْبِطْ بِسَلَامٍ مِّنَّا وَبَرَكَاتٍ عَلَيْكَ وَعَلَىٰ أُمَمٍ مِّمَّن مَّعَكَ ۚ وَأُمَمٌ سَنُمَتِّعُهُمْ ثُمَّ يَمَسُّهُم مِّنَّا عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
“The word was spoken: Noah, disembark in peace from Us, and with Our blessings upon you as well as upon generations from those who are with you. As for other folk, We shall let them have enjoyment, and then there will befall them grievous suffering from Us.’” (Verse 48)
وهكذا، نال بعضُ ذرّيّةِ الذين نجَوا في السفينة بركاتِ الله، بينما تُرِكت أممٌ أخرى تتمتّع لفترةٍ من الزمن، ثمّ حلّ بها عذابٌ أليم جزاءً على آثامها. وقد أُعطيت البركات لإبراهيمَ ونسلِه من خلال ولديه: إسحاقَ وأبنائِه، وكانوا أنبياءَ بني إسرائيل، وإسماعيلَ الذي كان من ذرّيّته محمّدٌ ﷺ، خاتمُ رسلِ الله.
Thus, some of the offspring of those saved in the ark were to receive God’s blessings, while other communities were left to enjoy themselves for a while before terrible punishment overwhelmed them for their misdeeds. The blessings are given to Abraham and his seed through both his sons: Isaac and his children who were the Israelite prophets, and Ishmael whose offspring included Muĥammad, the last of God’s messengers.
بشارة لإبراهيم
Good News For Abraham
تبدأ قصة إبراهيم هنا بخبرٍ مفاده أنه كان سيتلقى بشارة: ﴿وَلَقَدْ جَاءَتْ رُسُلُنَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ بِالْبُشْرَىٰ﴾. (الآية 69) ولا يُذكر لنا في الحال ما هذه البشارة، فقد جاءت في الوقت المناسب، حين كانت زوجته حاضرة. وكان الرسل ملائكةً، وهويّتهم تبقى لغزًا.
The account of Abraham opens here with the fact that he was to receive good news: “Our messengers came to Abraham with good news.” (Verse 69) We are not told immediately what the good news was. This would come at the right moment, when his wife was present. The messengers were angels whose identity is left a mystery.
مع أنّ بعض المفسّرين للقرآن الكريم يذكرون أسماءً وأعدادًا، إلا أنّنا نفضّل ألّا نخوض في التخمين، إذ لا دليل لدينا يدعم تلك الأقوال.
Although some commentators on the Qur’ān mention names and numbers, we prefer not to speculate, since we have no evidence to support such contentions.
﴿قَالُوا سَلَامًا ۖ قَالَ سَلَامٌ﴾ (الآية ٦٩). هاجر إبراهيم من موطنه في العراق، وعبر الأردن واستقر في أرض الكنعانيين، وكانت في معظمها صحراء. وتبعًا لعادة البدو في إكرام الضيف، شرع إبراهيم على الفور في إعداد الطعام لضيوفه. ﴿فَمَا لَبِثَ أَن جَاءَ بِعِجْلٍ حَنِيذٍ﴾ (الآية ٦٩)، فأخذ عجلًا سمينًا فشواه وهيأه.
“They bade him peace, and he answered: ‘Peace [be to you].’” (Verse 69) Abraham had emigrated from his birthplace in Iraq, crossed the Jordan and settled in the land of the Canaanites which was largely a desert. Following the Bedouin tradition of hospitality, Abraham immediately went about preparing food for his guests. “He then hastened to bring them a roasted calf” (Verse 69) He gets a fat calf, roasts and prepares it.
يُقدِّمُه لأضيافه، الذين كانوا، كما قلنا من قبل، ملائكةً. والملائكةُ، مع ذلك، لا يأكلون ما يأكله بنو آدم، ومن ثَمَّ لم يتمكّنوا من الأكل من العِجل، وأقلقَ ذلك إبراهيمَ: «فَلَمَّا رَأَىٰ أَيْدِيَهُمْ لَا تَصِلُ إِلَيْهِ نَكِرَهُمْ وَأَوْجَسَ مِنْهُمْ خِيفَةً» (الآية ٧٠). فالضيفُ الذي لا يأكل مما قُدِّمَ إليه يُثيرُ القلقَ، ويجعلُ مضيفَه يتوجَّسُ أنه يُضمِرُ نوعًا من الغدرِ. وإلى يومنا هذا يعدُّ أهلُ الريفِ والبدوُ الغدرَ بمن شاركهم الطعامَ جُرمًا عظيمًا. ولذلك فإن امتناعَ أحدٍ عن الأكل من طعامِ غيره يُوحي بأنه إما يُبيّتُ الأذى، أو أنه لا يثقُ بنوايا مضيفه. ومن ثمَّ كشفَ الرسلُ لإبراهيمَ عن هويتهم، وأخبروه بمهمتهم: «قَالُوا لَا تَخَفْ إِنَّا أُرْسِلْنَا إِلَىٰ قَوْمِ لُوطٍ» (الآية ٧٠).
He presents it to his guests who, as we have already said, were angels. Angels, however, do not eat what human beings eat. Hence, they could not partake of the calf, and this worried Abraham: “When he saw that their hands did not reach out to it, he felt their conduct strange and became apprehensive of them.” (Verse 70) A guest who does not eat of the food given him causes worry. He makes his host nervous that he intends some kind of treachery. To this day, country people and Bedouins consider it a grave crime to act treacherously towards someone with whom they have shared food. Hence, if they refuse to eat someone’s food, their action suggests that they either intend to do harm or that they do not trust the host’s intentions. Hence, the messengers reveal their identity to Abraham and tell him about their mission: “They said: Do not be alarmed. We are sent to the people of Lot.” (Verse 70)
أمألوف أم معجِز؟
Familiar Or Miraculous?
لا ينبغي أن يُعدَّ شيءٌ مما يفعله اللهُ غريبًا. فإذا جرت العادةُ بأن يقع شيءٌ على وجهٍ معيّن، فلا يعني ذلك أنّ ذلك الوجه غيرُ قابلٍ للتغيير. فالعادةُ قد تُخرَق متى شاء الله، لغايةٍ خاصّةٍ يريدها سبحانه، وهي أن يُنزل رحمتَه وبركاتِه الموعودةَ على المؤمنين في ذلك البيت. ومع ذلك، فإذا خُرقت العادة، فإنّ ما يقع نتيجةً لذلك يقع وفقًا للسنن الإلهيةِ الكليّةِ في الكون، وهي سننٌ لا نعلمها على وجه الكمال. ولا يجوز أن نحكم على سنن الله بما يقع في فترةٍ قصيرةٍ محدودةٍ من الزمن.
Nothing that God does should be considered strange. When it is the norm for something to happen in a particular fashion, this does not mean that that fashion is unchangeable. The norm can be broken when God so chooses, for a particular purpose of His own. The purpose here is to bestow His mercy and promised blessings to the believers in that household. Yet, when the norm is broken, whatever takes place as a result occurs in accordance with the overall divine laws of nature which we do not know in full. We cannot judge God’s laws according to what happens during a short, limited period of time.
أولئك الذين يحاولون حصر مشيئة الله في قوانين الطبيعة المألوفة لديهم يجهلون حقيقة الألوهية كما بيّنها الله في كتابه. فكل ما يقرره الله فهو حق، وليس للعقول البشرية في ذلك شأن. وحتى الذين يحصرون مشيئة الله فيما قرره هو نفسه من شريعته، فهم كذلك غافلون عن الحقيقة الحقة للألوهية. إن مشيئة الله حرّة، ولا تتقيّد بسننه.
Those who try to restrict God’s will to the laws of nature familiar to them are ignorant of the reality of Godhead as stated by God in His book. Whatever God states is true. Our human minds have no say in all this. Even those who restrict God’s will to what He Himself has stated to be His law are again unaware of the true nature of Godhead. God’s will is free and not restricted by His laws.
صحيحٌ أن الله تعالى يُدبّر شؤون هذا الكون وفق السنن التي وضعها له. غير أن هذا يختلف عن قصر مشيئة الله على هذه السنن الكونية بعد أن أُقيمت وأُجريت. فالسنن الكونية تعمل بمشيئة الله في كل وقت، وليست آلية مستقلة. ففي أي وقت يشاء الله أن يُجري سننه الكونية على نحو مختلف، فإنها تتغير إلى الصورة الجديدة التي قدّرها الله. والسنة الكلية التي تحكم سير جميع السنن الأخرى هي أن مشيئة الله حرّة مطلقة.
It is true that God conducts the affairs of this universe according to the laws He has set for it. This is, however, different from restricting God’s will to these natural laws after they have been set in operation. The laws of nature work by God’s will all the time. They are not automatic. At any time, God may choose to cause His natural laws to operate in a different way. Whenever this happens natural laws will change to the new fashion God has determined. The overall law of nature which governs the operation of all other laws is that which states that God’s will is free and absolute.
الانحراف يجلب هلاكاً مؤلماً
Perversion Brings A Painful Doom
وَلَمَّا جَاءَتْ رُسُلُنَا لُوطًا سِيءَ بِهِمْ وَضَاقَ بِهِمْ ذَرْعًا وَقَالَ هَٰذَا يَوْمٌ عَصِيبٌ (الآية ٧٧)
When Our messengers came to Lot he was troubled on their account, for he was powerless to offer them protection. He said: ‘This is a woeful day.’ (Verse 77)
لوط علیہ السلام اپنی قوم کی بے راہ روی سے واقف تھے، جو عورتوں کے بجائے مردوں سے اپنی شہوانی خواہشات پوری کرنے کو ترجیح دیتے تھے۔ اس طرح وہ فطرت کے خلاف بغاوت کر بیٹھے، حالانکہ فطرت اللہ کی حکمت کے مطابق ہے کہ اس نے تمام مخلوقات کو جوڑوں میں پیدا کیا تاکہ نسل کی افزائش اور بقا ممکن ہو۔ بگاڑ سے پاک فطرت اس حکمت کے مطابق چلنے ہی میں حقیقی لذت پاتی ہے، اور یہ کام وہ فطری طور پر اور طبعی جذبے کے ساتھ کرتی ہے۔
Lot was aware of the perversity of his people, who preferred to satisfy their sexual desires with men instead of women. In so doing they rebelled against nature, which avails itself of God’s wisdom in creating all species in pairs so that procreation and regeneration can take place. Undistorted nature finds true pleasure in conforming to this wisdom, naturally and instinctively.
هناك بالفعل أنواع شتى من الانحراف، إلا أن قصة قوم لوط فريدة في بابها. وهي توحي بأن الاضطرابات النفسية تنتقل بالعدوى، كالأمراض الجسدية. فمن الممكن أن ينتشر اضطراب نفسي كاضطراب قوم سدوم نتيجةً لخلل في القيم في مجتمع بعينه، ووجود قدوات سيئة تُنشئ بيئة غير صحية. ومن الممكن أن ينتشر هذا الاضطراب النفسي رغم أنه يتعارض مع الفطرة، وهي خاضعة للسنن نفسها التي تحكم الحياة ذاتها. وهذه السنن تقضي بأن الفطرة السليمة تجد لذتها فيما يلبي متطلبات الحياة ويكفل استمرارها، لا فيما يخنقها. والانحراف الجنسي من هذا الضرب الأخير، لأنه يضع بذور الحياة في تربة خبيثة لا تصلح لنموها. ولهذا تنفر الفطرة الإنسانية السليمة من ممارسات قوم لوط بالغريزة، لا بالأخلاق وحدها. والفطرة السليمة خاضعة لشرع الله الذي يمنح الحياة، وقد جعل اللذة السليمة مقترنة بما يُثري الحياة.
There are indeed all kinds of perversion. The case of Lot’s people, however, is singular. It suggests that psychological disturbances are infectious, like physical illnesses. It is possible that a psychological disorder such as that of the people of Sodom may spread as a result of a disturbance of values in any particular society and the presence of bad examples which produces an unhealthy environment. It is possible that such a psychological disorder spreads despite the fact that it is in conflict with nature which is subject to the same law that governs life itself. This law determines that upright nature finds its pleasure in what meets the requirements of life and ensures its continuity not in what stifles life. Sexual perversion is of the latter sort because it puts the seeds of life in a wicked soil that is not conducive to their growth. For this reason, healthy human nature instinctively, not only morally, finds the practices of Lot’s people repulsive. Sound human nature is subject to God’s law who grants life and who has made healthy pleasure attendant on what enriches life.