الأحقاف: الكثبان الرملية (عندما يُتحدّى الأنبياء) ٢١-٢٨
AL-AHQAF Sand Dunes (When Prophets Are Challenged) 21-28
واذكر أخا عادٍ إذ أنذر قومه بالأحقاف وقد خلت النذر من بين يديه ومن خلفه ألا تعبدوا إلا الله إني أخاف عليكم عذاب يوم عظيم
Remember that brother of the ‘Ad who warned his people who lived in the Valley of the Sand Dunes. Other warners have come and gone both before and after him. He said: ‘Worship none but God. I fear lest suffering befall you on a terrible day/ (21)
قالوا أجئتنا لتأفكنا عن آلهتنا فأتنا بما تعدنا إن كنت من الصادقين ﴿٢٢﴾
They said to him: ‘Have you come to turn us away from our gods? Bring, then, upon us that with which you threaten us, if what you say is true.’ (22)
قَالَ إِنَّمَا الْعِلْمُ عِندَ اللَّهِ وَأُبَلِّغُكُم مَّا أُرْسِلْتُ بِهِ وَلَٰكِنِّي أَرَاكُمْ قَوْمًا تَجْهَلُونَ (٢٣)
He said: ‘Only God knows when it will come. I only convey to you the message I am entrusted with; but I see that you are insolent people.' (23)
فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ عَارِضًا مُّسْتَقْبِلَ أَوْدِيَتِهِمْ قَالُوا هَٰذَا عَارِضٌ مُّمْطِرُنَا ۚ بَلْ هُوَ مَا اسْتَعْجَلْتُم بِهِ ۖ رِيحٌ فِيهَا عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
When they saw a cloud approach ing their valleys, they said: ‘This cloud will bring us rain/ ‘No, indeed. It is the very thing you wanted to hasten: a storm wind bearing painful suffering (24)
تُدَمِّرُ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ بِأَمْرِ رَبِّهَا. فَأَصْبَحُوا لَا يُرَىٰ إِلَّا مَسَاكِنُهُمْ. كَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْقَوْمَ الْمُجْرِمِينَ. (25)
which will destroy everything by the command of its Lord.’ When the morning came, there was nothing to see of them except their ruined dwellings. Thus do We requite guilty people. (25)
لَقَدْ مَكَّنَّاهُمْ فِيمَا إِنْ مَكَّنَّاكُمْ فِيهِ، وَجَعَلْنَا لَهُمْ سَمْعًا وَأَبْصَارًا وَأَفْئِدَةً، فَمَا أَغْنَىٰ عَنْهُمْ سَمْعُهُمْ وَلَا أَبْصَارُهُمْ وَلَا أَفْئِدَتُهُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِذْ كَانُوا يَجْحَدُونَ بِآيَاتِ اللهِ، وَحَاقَ بِهِمْ مَا كَانُوا بِهِ يَسْتَهْزِئُونَ.
We had securely established them in a manner in which We have never established you; and We had endowed them with hearing, and sight, and hearts. Yet nothing did their hearing, sight and hearts avail them since they persisted in denying Gods revelations. They were overwhelmed by the very thing which they had mocked.
(26)
(26)
{وَلَقَدْ أَهْلَكْنَا مَا حَوْلَكُم مِّنَ الْقُرَىٰ وَصَرَّفْنَا الْآيَاتِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ} (27)
We have also destroyed other communities that once lived around you, and We gave Our message in various ways so that they might return to the right way. (27)
فَلَوْلَا نَصَرَهُمُ الَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ قُرْبَانًا آلِهَةً ۖ بَلْ ضَلُّوا عَنْهُمْ ۚ وَذَٰلِكَ إِفْكُهُمْ وَمَا كَانُوا يَفْتَرُونَ
Why did those whom they had set up as deities beside God, hoping that they would bring them nearer to Him, give them no help? Indeed, they utterly failed them. Such were their lies and such their false inventions. (28)
نظرة عامة
Overview
يتناول هذا الجزء الثالث من السورة موضوعها المحوري بطريقة تختلف عن طريقة أجزائها السابقة، فيتحدث عن مصير قوم عاد والقرى الأخرى المحيطة بمكة. لقد واجه قوم عاد هودًا، أخاهم الذي أرسله الله رسولًا إليهم، بموقف يشبه موقف المشركين في مكة من محمد ﷺ، أخيهم ورسول الله. وقد أثار الفريقان الاعتراضات نفسها. وقد ردّ هود عليهم بالأسلوب الرائع الذي يتميز به الأنبياء، لكن ضمن حدود طاقته البشرية والرسالة الموكلة إليه. فلما لم يُصغوا إلى إنذاراته، أصابهم عذاب الله فأهلكهم إهلاكًا تامًا. ومع أنهم كانوا أقوى وأغنى وأذكى من كفار مكة، فلم يُغنِ عنهم ذلك شيئًا، ولم تُغنِ عنهم آلهتهم المزعومة، التي زعموا أنها تقربهم إلى الله، أي شيء.
This third part of the surah addresses its central question in a different way to that of its earlier parts. It speaks of the fate of the ‘Ad and other townships around Makkah. Towards Hud, their brother, whom God sent as His messenger, they adopted a similar attitude to that of the idolaters in Makkah towards Muhammad, their brother and Gods messenger. Both raised the same objections. Hud answered them in the splendid manner of prophets, but within the limits of his human ability and the mission assigned to him. When they paid no heed to his warnings, they were smitten by God’s punishment that left them utterly destroyed. Although they were more powerful, wealthy and intelligent than the Makkan unbelievers, none of this was of any avail to them. Nor did their alleged deities, which they claimed would bring them closer to God, avail them of anything.
ويُذكَّر كفارُ مكةَ أيضًا بمصيرِ أسلافِهم، إذ كانوا قد تبنّوا الموقفَ نفسَه. وقد أُخبروا بوضوحٍ تامٍّ أنهم سيلقَون المصيرَ ذاتَه. كما تُبيّن السورةُ النهجَ الذي تسيرُ عليه الرسالةُ الإلهيةُ: فهو نهجٌ متّسقٌ ثابتٌ لا يتغيّر. وكذلك سُنّةُ اللهِ تسري على الجميعِ ولا تتبدّل. ونرى شجرةَ الإيمانِ ذاتَ الجذورِ الراسخةِ، وفروعِها الممتدةِ عبرَ الأجيالِ. إنه الإيمانُ نفسُه في كلِّ زمانٍ ولدى كلِّ أمةٍ.
The Makkan unbelievers are also reminded of the fate their own ancestors met, given they too had adopted the same attitude. They are told in no uncertain terms that they will suffer the same fate. The surah also shows them the line the Divine message follows: it is consistent and unchanging. Likewise, God’s law applies to all and does not change. We see the tree of faith with firm roots, its branches stretched wide across the generations. It is the same faith for all times and communities.
في الكثبان الرملية
At The Sand Dunes
اذكر أخا عاد الذي أنذر قومه بالأحقاف، وقد خلت النذر من بين يديه ومن خلفه ألا تعبدوا إلا الله إني أخاف عليكم عذاب يوم عظيم. {الأحقاف: ٢١}
Remember that brother of the 'Ad who warned his people who lived in the Valley of the Sand Dunes. Other warners have come and gone both before and after him. He said: 'Worship none but God. I fear lest suffering befall you on a terrible day' (Verse 21)
أخو عادٍ هو النبي هود عليه السلام
The brother of the ‘Ad is the Prophet Hud (peace be upon him)
الذي يُذكر هنا بوصفه أخاً لقومه. وهذا يُبرز علاقة المحبة والرعاية المتبادلة التي كانت بينه وبين قومه، والتي كان ينبغي أن تجعلهم أكثر استجابة لدعوته، وتحفزهم على حسن الظن به وبما علّمهم. وكانت الرابطة نفسها قائمة بين محمد ﷺ وقومه الذين عارضوه كذلك.
who is mentioned here by his position as a brother to his people. This highlights the relation of mutual love and care that existed between him and his people, which should have made them more responsive to his call and motivated them to think well of him and what he taught. The same bond existed between Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his people who similarly opposed him.
كان عاد يبنون بيوتهم على كثبان الرمل العالية في وادٍ جنوب الجزيرة العربية، يُقال إنه قريب من حضرموت.1 يأمر الله سبحانه وتعالى رسوله أن يتذكر هودًا وكيف أنذر قومه في وادي الأحقاف، وذلك تثبيتًا له، إذ يدرك أن هودًا قد قوبل بالتكذيب من قومه كذلك.
The ‘Ad used to build their homes on the high sand dunes in a valley in the south of the Arabian Peninsula, said to be near Hadramawt.1 God in His glory directs His messenger to remember Hud and how he warned his people at the Valley of the Sand Dunes. This to give him encouragement as he realizes that Hud was similarly rejected by his people.
وهذا التذكير يُذكّر أيضًا كفارَ مكةَ بمصير الأمم السابقة التي كذّبت رسائلَ الله.
Such remembrance also serves to remind the Makkan unbelievers of the fate of those earlier communities that rejected Gods messages.
أنذر هود قومه، لكنه لم يكن أول رسول ينذر أمته. فقد فعل ذلك رسل آخرون قبله: «وَلَقَدْ جَاءَهُمْ مِنَ الْأَنْبَاءِ مَا فِيهِ مُزْدَجَرٌ» ... وقد جاء نذراء آخرون قبله وبعده. وكان أولئك الرسل منه قريبين في الزمن والمكان، كما كانوا بعيدين عنه.
Hud warned his people, but he was not the first messenger to warn his community. Other messengers did the same before him: “ Other warners have come and gone both before and after him” Those messengers came close to him in time and place as also far from him.
تشير تقارير حديثة مبنية على صور الأقمار الصناعية إلى أن مدينة كاملة مدفونة في موقع قريب من عُمان في الربع الخالي، أي إلى الغرب من حضرموت، وهي محافظة واسعة في اليمن. ومن خلال الوصف المقدَّم، قد تكون هذه المدينة هي المكان الذي عاش فيه قوم عاد. - ملاحظة المحرر.
1. Recent reports based on satellite pictures suggest that a whole city is buried at a place close to Oman in the Empty Quarter, which means that it is to the west of Hadramout, a large province in Yemen. From the description given, this city might well be where the ‘Ad lived. - Editor’s note.
القدرة غير النافعة
Useless Power
بِهٰذِهِ الصُّورَةِ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ وَالدَّمَارِ، تُخَاطِبُ السُّورَةُ الْجِيلَ الْحَاضِرَ الَّذِينَ يَسِيرُونَ عَلَى خُطَى عَادٍ، فَتُقَدِّمُ لَهُمْ تَذْكِيرًا بَلِيغًا:
With this image of death and destruction, the surah addresses the present generation who follow in the ‘Ad’s footsteps, giving them a telling reminder:
لَقَدْ مَكَّنَّاهُمْ فِيمَا إِنْ مَكَّنَّاكُمْ فِيهِ، وَجَعَلْنَا لَهُمْ سَمْعًا وَبَصَرًا وَأَفْئِدَةً، فَمَا أَغْنَى عَنْهُمْ سَمْعُهُمْ وَلَا أَبْصَارُهُمْ وَلَا أَفْئِدَتُهُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِذْ كَانُوا يَجْحَدُونَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ، وَحَاقَ بِهِمْ مَا كَانُوا بِهِ يَسْتَهْزِئُونَ.
We had securely established them in a manner in which We have never established you; and We had endowed them with hearing, and sight, and hearts. Yet nothing did their hearing, sight and hearts avail them since they persisted in denying God's revelations. They were overwhelmed by the very thing which they had mocked. (Verse 26)
كان أولئك القوم الذين أُهلكوا بالريح العاتية قد مكّنهم الله في الأرض تمكيناً لم يُعطَه عربُ مكة. وهذا إشارة عامة إلى ما أُعطوه من القوة والمال والعلم ومتاع الحياة. وكانت لهم أيضاً أسماعٌ وأبصارٌ حادّة، وقلوبٌ.
Those very people who were destroyed by the stormwind had once been established in the land in a way that had not been granted to the Arabs of Makkah. This is a general reference to what they had been given of power, wealth, knowledge and life’s luxuries. They were also endowed with sharp faculties of hearing and sight, as well as hearts.
يُشير القرآن الكريم إلى ملكة الفهم بتعبيرات مختلفة، فيذكرها تارةً بالقلب، وتارةً بالعقل، وتارةً بالدماغ، مع أن الجميع يدل على القدرة نفسها. ومع ذلك لم تُغنِ عن قوم عاد هذه الملكات شيئًا، إذ أدّى بهم "إصرارهم على جحد آيات الله" (الآية ٢٦) إلى تعطيلها. فإنكار وحي الله يُخدِّر الحواس والملكات ويحجبها عن مصدر النور والفهم الإلهي، فيُفسدها فسادًا تامًّا. "فحاق بهم ما كانوا به يستهزئون" (الآية ٢٦)، والمقصود بذلك العذابُ الذي حُذِّروا منه وكانوا يسخرون به.
The Qur’an uses different ways of referring to the faculty of understanding, citing it alternatively as heart, mind or brain, when all refer to the same ability. Yet none of these faculties was of any use as the ‘Ad rendered them useless when “they persisted in denying God's revelations” (Verse 26) Denying Gods revelations suppresses senses and faculties and screens them from His source of light and understanding, blunting them altogether. “ They were overwhelmed by the very thing which they had mocked. (Verse 26) This refers to the punishment they were warned about and which they derided.
ينبغي أن يُستخلص من هذا الدرس ألّا يفتخر أحدٌ بقوته أو ثروته أو علمه إفتخارًا يظن معه أنّ هذه الأشياء تكفل له الحماية المطلقة. ونرى فيما حلّ بقوم عادٍ أن قوةً طبيعيةً سُلّطت على الناس، فأهلكتهم وأهلكت كلّ ما كانوا يتمتعون به.