سورۃ المجادلہ (الْمُجَادَلَۃ) ہ آیات 1 تا 22
Al-Mujadalah (The Pleading) 1-22
بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ قَدْ سَمِعَ اللهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللهِ، وَاللهُ يَسْمَعُ تَحَاوُرَكُمَا، إِنَّ اللهَ سَمِيعٌ بَصِيرٌ.
In the Name of God, the Lord of Grace, the Ever Merciful God has heard the words of the woman who pleads with you concerning her husband, and complained to God. God has heard what you both had to say.
اللّٰهُ سَمِيعٌ بَصِيرٌ۔ (1)
God hears all and sees all. (1)
وَمَا جَعَلَ أَزْوَاجَكُمُ اللَّائِي تُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْهُنَّ أُمَّهَاتِكُمْ وَمَا جَعَلَ أَدْعِيَاءَكُمْ أَبْنَاءَكُمْ Wait, that is a Qur'an verse, which I should not have rendered in my own words. Here is the translation of the passage as you wrote it: حَتَّى لَوْ قَالَ أَحَدُكُمْ لِزَوْجَتِهِ: "أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي"، فَإِنَّهُنَّ لَيْسَ أُمَّهَاتِهِمْ؛ إِنْ أُمَّهَاتُهُمْ إِلَّا اللَّائِي وَلَدْنَهُمْ. وَإِنَّهُمْ لَيَقُولُونَ مُنْكَرًا مِنَ الْقَوْلِ وَزُورًا.
Even if any of you say to your wives, ‘You are to me like my mother’s back,’ they are not your mothers; their only mothers are those who gave them birth. What they say is iniquitous and false.
ومع ذلك فإن الله يعفو ويغفر.
Yet God pardons and forgives.
(2)
(2)
الَّذِينَ يُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْكُم مِّن نِّسَائِهِم مَّا هُنَّ أُمَّهَاتِهِمْ ۖ إِنْ أُمَّهَاتُهُمْ إِلَّا اللَّائِي وَلَدْنَهُمْ ۚ وَإِنَّهُمْ لَيَقُولُونَ مُنكَرًا مِّنَ الْقَوْلِ وَزُورًا ۚ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ۔ Those who separate themselves from their wives by saying, ‘You are as unlawful to me as my mother,’ and then go back on what they have said, must atone by freeing a slave before the couple may resume their full marital relation. This is an admonition to you, and God is fully aware of all that you do. (3) الَّذِينَ يُظَاهِرُونَ مِن نِّسَائِهِم ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِمَا قَالُوا فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مِّن قَبْلِ أَن يَتَمَاسَّا ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ تُوعَظُونَ بِهِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ۔ (٣)
Those who separate themselves from their wives by saying, ‘You are as unlawful to me as my mother,’ and then go back on what they have said, must atone by freeing a slave before the couple may resume their full marital relation. This is an admonition to you, and God is fully aware of all that you do. (3)
فَمَن لَّمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ مِن قَبْلِ أَن يَتَمَاسَّا ۖ فَمَن لَّمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَإِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ لِتُؤْمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ۚ وَتِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ ۗ وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ﴿٤﴾
However, he who does not have the means shall fast instead for two consecutive months before the couple may resume their full marital relation; and he who is unable to do it shall feed sixty needy people; this, so that you may prove your faith in God and His Messenger. Such are the bounds set by God. Grievous suffering awaits those who will not believe. (4)
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُحَادُّونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ﷺ سَيُخْزَوْنَ كَمَا أُخْزِيَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ
Those who contend against God and His Messenger shall be brought low as those who lived before them were brought low.
لَقَدْ أَنْزَلْنَا إِلَيْكُمْ آيَاتٍ مُبَيِّنَاتٍ، وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ
We have bestowed from on high clear revelations. Shameful suffer ing awaits the unbelievers (5)
يَوْمَ يَبْعَثُهُمُ اللَّهُ جَمِيعًا فَيُنَبِّئُهُم بِمَا عَمِلُوا ۚ أَحْصَاهُ اللَّهُ وَنَسُوهُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ
on the day when God will raise them all from the dead and tell them exactly all that they did in life. God will have taken it all into account, even though they may have forgotten it. God is witness to all things. (6)
ألم تعلم أن الله يعلم ما في السماوات وما في الأرض؟ ما يكون نجوى ثلاثة إلا هو رابعهم، ولا خمسة إلا هو سادسهم، ولا أدنى من ذلك ولا أكثر إلا هو معهم أينما كانوا.
Are you not aware that God knows all that is in the heavens and all that is on earth? Never can a secret conversation take place between three people where He is not the fourth; nor between five where He is not the sixth, nor between less or more than that without Him being with them, wherever they may be.
يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يُنَبِّئُهُمْ بِمَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ (7)
On the Day of Resurrection He will tell them the truth of what they used to do. God has full knowledge of everything. (7)
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ نُهُوا عَنِ النَّجْوَىٰ ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِمَا نُهُوا عَنْهُ وَيَتَنَاجَوْنَ بِالْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ وَمَعْصِيَتِ الرَّسُولِ ﷺ
Have you not seen how those that have been forbidden to hold secret conversations still revert to what they have been forbidden? They conspire with one another with a view to sinful doings, aggressive conduct and disobedience of God’s Messenger.
وَإِذَا جَاءُوكَ حَيَّوْكَ بِمَا لَمْ يُحَيِّكَ بِهِ اللَّهُ، وَيَقُولُونَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ: لَوْلَا يُعَذِّبُنَا اللَّهُ بِمَا نَقُولُ؟ حَسْبُهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ يَصْلَوْنَهَا، فَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ.
When these people come to you they greet you with words God does not use to greet you. They say to themselves, ‘Why does God not punish us for what we say?’ Hell will be punishment enough for them. They will burn there.
بِئْسَ الْمَصِير
How vile a journeys end! (8)
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا تَنَاجَيْتُمْ فَلَا تَتَنَاجَوْا بِالْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ وَمَعْصِيَتِ الرَّسُولِ، وَتَنَاجَوْا بِالْبِرِّ وَالتَّقْوَىٰ، وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي إِلَيْهِ تُحْشَرُونَ. (٩)
Believers, when you converse in secret, do not do so with a view to sinful doings, aggressive conduct and disobedience of God’s Messenger, but rather hold counsel to promote righteousness and God-consciousness. Always remain God-fearing; to Him you will be gathered. (9)
إِنَّمَا النَّجْوَىٰ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ لِيَحْزُنَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَلَيْسَ بِضَارِّهِمْ شَيْئًا إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ۚ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ ﴿١٠﴾
[All other kinds of] secret conversation is the work of Satan, designed to cause grief to the believers. Yet he cannot harm them in the least, unless it be by God’s leave. In God, then, let the believers place their trust. (10)
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا قِيلَ لَكُمْ تَفَسَّحُوا فِي الْمَجَالِسِ فَافْسَحُوا يَفْسَحِ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ ۖ وَإِذَا قِيلَ انشُزُوا فَانشُزُوا يَرْفَعِ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنكُمْ وَالَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ دَرَجَاتٍ ۚ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ
Believers, when you are told to make room for one another in your gatherings, then do so, and God will make room for you. If you are told to rise up, then do so. God will elevate, by many degrees, those of you who believe and those who have been given knowledge. God is fully aware of all that you do. (11)
{يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نَاجَيْتُمُ الرَّسُولَ فَقَدِّمُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ نَجْوَاكُمْ صَدَقَةً ۚ ذَٰلِكَ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ وَأَطْهَرُ ۚ فَإِن لَّمْ تَجِدُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ} (12)
Believers, when you wish to speak to God’s Messenger in private, offer something in charity before you speak to him. That is better for you and more conducive to purity. If you do not have the means, God is Much-Forgiving, Ever Merciful. (12)
هل تتردد في تقديم الصدقة قبل أن تناجي الرسول؟ فلما لم تفعلوا، وتاب الله عليكم، فأقيموا الصلاة وآتوا الزكاة [أي
Do you hesitate to offer charity before you speak with the Prophet? Since you did not offer charity, and God has turned to you in His mercy, attend regularly to prayer and pay your zakat [i.e.
بِالصَّدَقَةِ الْوَاجِبَةِ] وَأَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ. وَاللَّهُ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ. (١٣)
obligatory charity] and obey God and His Messenger. God is well aware of your actions. (13)
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا قَوْمًا غَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ؟
Have you not seen those who would be friends with people who have incurred Gods anger?
لَا إِلَىٰ هَـٰؤُلَاءِ وَلَا إِلَىٰ هَـٰؤُلَاءِ ۖ وَيَحْلِفُونَ عَلَى الْكَذِبِ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ۔ (14)
They belong neither to you nor to them. They knowingly swear to falsehood. (14)
أَعَدَّ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا ۚ إِنَّهُمْ سَاءَ مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ (١٥)
God has prepared for them grievous suffering. Evil indeed is what they do. (15)
اتَّخَذُوا أَيْمَانَهُمْ جُنَّةً فَصَدُّوا عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مُّهِينٌ (16)
They use their oaths as a cover [for their falseness], and they turn people away from the path of God. Hence, shameful suffering awaits them. (16)
{لَن تُغْنِيَ عَنْهُمْ أَمْوَالُهُمْ وَلَا أَوْلَادُهُم مِّنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا ۚ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمْ وَقُودُ النَّارِ} ١٧
Neither their wealth nor their children will be of the least avail to them against God. They are destined for the fire, where they will abide. (17)
يَوْمَ يَبْعَثُهُمُ اللَّهُ جَمِيعًا فَيَحْلِفُونَ لَهُ كَمَا يَحْلِفُونَ لَكُمْ وَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ عَلَىٰ شَيْءٍ ۚ أَلَا إِنَّهُمْ هُمُ الْكَاذِبُونَ
On the day when God will raise them all from the dead, they will swear before Him as they swear now before you, thinking that they have something to stand upon. It is they who are indeed liars. (18)
لقد استحوذ عليهم الشيطان فأنساهم ذكر الله، أولئك حزب الشيطان.
Satan has gained mastery over them and thus caused them to remain oblivious of the remembrance of God. They are the party of Satan.
إِنَّ حِزْبَ الشَّيْطَانِ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ (١٩)
It is the partisans of Satan who will truly be the losers. (19)
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُحَادُّونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ أُولَٰئِكَ فِي الْأَذَلِّينَ (20)
Those who contend against God and His Messenger will be among the most abject. (20)
كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَأَغْلِبَنَّ أَنَا وَرُسُلِي ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَوِيٌّ عَزِيزٌ ﴿٢١﴾
God has thus ordained: ‘I shall most certainly prevail, I and My messengers.’ God is indeed powerful, almighty. (21)
لَا تَجِدُ قَوْمًا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ يُوَادُّونَ مَنْ حَادَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَلَوْ كَانُوا آبَاءَهُمْ أَوْ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ أَوْ إِخْوَانَهُمْ أَوْ عَشِيرَتَهُمْ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ كَتَبَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الْإِيمَانَ وَأَيَّدَهُم بِرُوحٍ مِّنْهُ ۖ وَيُدْخِلُهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ۚ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ حِزْبُ اللَّهِ ۚ أَلَا إِنَّ حِزْبَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ
You shall not find people who truly believe in God and the Last Day on friendly terms with those who contend against God and His Messenger, even though they may be their fathers, sons, brothers, or kindred. These are the people in whose hearts God has inscribed faith, and whom He has strengthened with a spirit of His own. He will admit them into gardens through which running waters flow, where they will abide.
رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ حِزْبُ اللَّهِ ۚ أَلَا إِنَّ حِزْبَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ
Well pleased is God with them, and they with Him. They are the party of God. It is the partisans of God that will be truly successful.
(22)
(22)
قضيةٌ شخصيةٌ محل نزاع
A Personal Case In Dispute
قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ، وَاللَّهُ يَسْمَعُ تَحَاوُرَكُمَا، إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ بَصِيرٌ. ٱلَّذِينَ يُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْكُم مِّن نِّسَائِهِم مَّا هُنَّ أُمَّهَاتِهِمْ، إِنْ أُمَّهَاتُهُمْ إِلَّا اللَّائِي وَلَدْنَهُمْ، وَإِنَّهُمْ لَيَقُولُونَ مُنكَرًا مِّنَ الْقَوْلِ وَزُورًا، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ. وَالَّذِينَ يُظَاهِرُونَ مِن نِّسَائِهِمْ ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِمَا قَالُوا فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مِّن قَبْلِ أَن يَتَمَاسَّا.
God has heard the words of the woman who pleads with you concerning her husband, and complained to God. God has heard what you both had to say. God hears all and sees all. Even if any of you say to your wives, ‘You are to me like my mothers back, 'they are not your mothers; their only mothers are those who gave them birth. What they say is iniquitous and false. Yet God pardons and forgives. Those who separate themselves from their wives by saying, 'You are as unlawful to me as my mother/ and then go back on what they have said, must atone by freeing a slave before the couple may resume their full marital relation.
هذه موعظة لكم، واللهُ عليمٌ بكلِّ ما تعملون. أما مَن لم يجد الوسيلةَ فعليه أن يصوم شهرين متتابعين قبل أن يستأنفَ الزوجانِ علاقتَهما الزوجيةَ كاملةً، ومَن عجز عن ذلك فعليه أن يُطعِمَ ستين مسكيناً؛ وذلك لتُثبتوا إيمانَكم باللهِ ورسولِه ﷺ. وتلك حدودُ اللهِ. وللكافرين عذابٌ أليم.
This is an admonition to you, and God is fully aware of all that you do. However, he who does not have the means shall fast instead for two consecutive months before the couple may resume their full marital relation; and he who is unable to do it shall feed sixty needy people; this, so that you may prove your faith in God and His Messenger. Such are the bounds set by God. Grievous suffering awaits those who will not believe. (Verses 1-4)
في الجاهلية، كان الرجل إذا غضب على زوجته قال لها: "أنتِ عليَّ كظهر أمي"، فتحرم عليه من ذلك الحين. ولم تكن مطلقة، بل كانت في حالة معلَّقة؛ لا تستطيع أن تقيم معه العلاقة الزوجية المعتادة، ولا تكون حرة فتجد لنفسها ترتيبًا آخر.
In pre-Islamic days, a man who became angry with his wife might say to her, “You are to me like the back of my mother”, and thereafter she was forbidden to him. She was not divorced however, but rather in a state of suspense. She could neither have normal marital relations with her husband nor be free to find some other arrangement for herself.
كان هذا جانبًا آخر من المعاملة الظالمة للمرأة في الجاهلية العربية قبل الإسلام.
This was yet another aspect of the unfair treatment of women in pre- Islamic Arabia.
تتحدّث هذه الآيات عن واقعة من هذا النوع وقعت قبل أن يُشرَّع الحكم في هذه المسألة، المعروفة بالظِّهار. وتُروى تفاصيل القضية في الحديث التالي عن المرأة صاحبة القضية، خَوْلة بنت ثعلبة.
1. كلمة ظِهار مشتقة من "ظَهْر" بمعنى "الظهر"، في إشارة إلى الصيغة المستعملة في هذه الحالات، حين كان الرجل يقول لزوجته إنها عليه حرامٌ كظهر أمه. - ملاحظة المحرر.
1. The word zihdr is derived from zahrt which means ‘back’, in reference to the formula used in these cases when a man would tell his wife that she was to him as unlawful as his mothers back. - Editors note.
الوَسْق مكيالٌ يُقدَّر بحوالي 130 كيلوغراماً من القمح. — ملاحظة المحرر.
2. A wisq is a measure of volume estimated to weigh about 130 kilogrammes of wheat. - Editor’s note.
التعليم من خلال التطبيق
Education Through Practice
عندما ننظر في الخبر القرآني عن هذه القضية، لا يمكن أن نغفل أن عناصر التربية والإرشاد تُعطى جنبًا إلى جنب مع الحكم والتعليق عليه. وهذا هو المنهج المعتاد في القرآن، إذ يقدّم كل ما هو لازم.
When we look at the Qur’anic report of this case, we cannot miss that elements of education and guidance are given side by side with the verdict and the comment on it. This is the usual method of the Qur’an, providing all that is necessary.
﴿قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ يَسْمَعُ تَحَاوُرَكُمَا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ بَصِيرٌ﴾ (المجادلة: 1). هذه افتتاحية رائعة تقول: لم تكن وحدك؛ فقد كان اللهُ حاضرًا يسمعك.
“God has heard the worth of the woman who pleads with you concerning her husband, and complained to God. God has heard what you both had to say. God hears all and sees all." (Verse 1) This is an amazing opening that says, you have not been alone; God was present, listening to you.
سمِعَ قَوْلَ المرأةِ وهي تُجادِلُكَ وتَشْكو إلى اللهِ. وكانَ عالِمًا بالقِصَّةِ كُلِّها، ومُدْرِكًا تَمامَ الإدراكِ لِما جَرى مِن حِوارٍ. إنَّهُ يَسْمَعُ كُلَّ شيءٍ ويَرى كُلَّ شيءٍ. وبهذا الأُسْلوبِ البالغِ التأثيرِ يَعْرِضُ القرآنُ الكريمُ كُلَّ ما وقَعَ، دونَ أنْ يكونَ لِطَرَفٍ ثالثٍ دَخْلٌ فيه.
He heard what the woman said, pleading with you and complaining to Him. He already knew the whole story and was fully aware of what discussion had taken place. He hears all and sees all. In this highly inspiring way the Qur’an presents all that occurred but without the involvement of a third party.
ثم تذكر السورة القاعدة التي تحكم مثل هذه الحالات: ﴿الَّذِينَ يُظَاهِرُونَ مِنكُم مِّن نِّسَائِهِم مَّا هُنَّ أُمَّهَاتِهِمْ ۖ إِنْ أُمَّهَاتُهُمْ إِلَّا اللَّائِي وَلَدْنَهُمْ﴾
The surah then states the principle that governs such cases: “Even if any of you say to your wives, ‘You are to me like my mother's back,' they are not your mothers; their only mothers are those who gave them birth.
قَوْلًا مُّنكَرًا مِّنَ الْقَوْلِ وَزُورًا ۚ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ ۔ (الآية ٢) وَهَذَا يَتَنَاوَلُ الْمَسْأَلَةَ بِكَامِلِهَا۔ الظِّهَارُ لَا يَسْتَنِدُ إِلَى أَصْلٍ صَحِيحٍ۔ وَالزَّوْجَةُ لَيْسَتْ أُمًّا حَتَّى تَصِيرَ مُحَرَّمَةً كَالْأُمِّ۔
What they say is iniquitous and false. Yet God pardons and forgives." (Verse 2) This deals with the case in its entirety. Zihar does not rely on any solid basis. A wife is not a mother so as to become forbidden like one.
أمُّ الإنسان هي المرأةُ التي ولدَتْه، ولا تصيرُ الزوجةُ أمًّا بمجردِ النطقِ بكلمةٍ أو بضعِ كلماتٍ. إنَّ مثلَ هذا القولِ لا أساسَ له، بل هو كلامٌ باطلٌ محضٌ. وينبغي في الحياةِ أن تُبنى جميعُ العلاقاتِ على ما هو حقٌّ وواضحٌ وثابتٌ، حتى يُمنعَ كلُّ التباسٍ وخلطٍ. ﴿وَاللَّهُ يَعْفُو وَيَغْفِرُ﴾ عمّا مضى من مثلِ هذهِ الأحداثِ.
في المخاصمة مع الله
In Contention Against God
إن الجملة الأخيرة من الآية: «وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ»، تُعَدُّ خاتمةً مناسبةً حقًّا، لأنها تُتِمُّ الحديث عن حال المرأة، وفي الوقت نفسه تكون جسرًا يربط بين هذه الآية وموضوع الآية التي تليها، والتي تتحدث عن الذين يُحادّون الله ورسوله. وهذا من خصائص النظم القرآني البديع، إذ ينتقل بسلاسة من موضوع إلى آخر.
The last sentence in the verse, ‘ Grievous suffering awaits those who will not believe,’ is certainly a fitting ending as it completes the discussion of the womans situation, while also providing a bridge to the theme of the next verse that speaks about those who contend against God and His Messenger. This is characteristic of the superb Qur’anic method as it smoothly moves from one theme to another:
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُحَادُّونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ كُبِتُوا كَمَا كُبِتَ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ ۚ وَقَدْ أَنزَلْنَا آيَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ ۚ وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ مُّهِينٌ يَوْمَ يَبْعَثُهُمُ اللَّهُ جَمِيعًا فَيُنَبِّئُهُم بِمَا عَمِلُوا ۚ أَحْصَاهُ اللَّهُ وَنَسُوهُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ
Those who contend against God and His Messenger shall be brought low as those who lived before them were brought low. We have bestowed from on high clear revelations. Shameful suffering awaits the unbelievers on the day when God will raise them all from the dead and tell them exactly all that they did in life. God will have taken it all into account, even though they may have forgotten it. God is witness to all things.
(الآيتان 5-6)
(Verses 5-6)
جاء الاستهلال في السورة ببيان جانب من العناية التي يلقاها المجتمع المسلم، بينما يبيّن هذا المقطع الثاني جانبًا من العداء للفريق المقابل، الذين يشاقّون الله ورسوله. والكلمة العربية «يُحادّون»، التي تُرجمت هنا بـ«يشاقّون»، مشتقة من الجذر نفسه الذي اشتُقّت منه كلمة «حدود» المذكورة سابقًا، والحدود هي الفواصل والمعالم. وعليه يُوصَف هذا الفريق بأنه يقف عند الحدّ الآخر، فيواجه الله ورسوله، فيُصوَّر المشهد كأنه طرفان في تنازع ومواجهة. وبذلك يُظهر هذا المقطع فعلهم في أسوأ صورة. ما أتعس المخلوق الذي يعادي خالقه علانيةً، وهو الذي يرزقه ويمدّه بالعيش!
The opening passage of the surah provided an aspect of the care shown to the Muslim community, while this second passage provides an aspect of antagonism to the opposite group who contend against God and His Messenger. The Arabic term, yuhaddun, translated here as contend’ is derived from the same root as the word used earlier, hudud, which means ‘boundaries. Thus, this group are defined as taking a stand at the other boundary, confronting God and His Messenger. This gives an image of two parties in contention and confrontation. As such, it serves to show their action in a very bad light. How miserable for a creature to be in open hostility to his Creator when it is He who provides him with sustenance.
الهمسات والمؤامرات
Whispers And Conspiracies
ثم تُصوِّر السورةُ حضورَ الله في صورةٍ مؤثِّرةٍ تترك أثرًا بالغًا في قلوبنا.
The surah then portrays Gods presence in an inspiring image that leaves a telling effect on our hearts:
ألم تعلم أن الله يعلم ما في السماوات وما في الأرض؟ ما يكون من نجوى ثلاثة إلا هو رابعهم، ولا خمسة إلا هو سادسهم، ولا أدنى من ذلك ولا أكثر إلا هو معهم أينما كانوا، ثم ينبئهم بما عملوا يوم القيامة، إن الله بكل شيء عليم.
Are you not aware that God knows all that is in the heavens and all that is on earth? Never can a secret conversation take place between three people where He is not the fourth; nor between five where He is not the sixth, nor between less or more than that without Him being with them, wherever they may be. On the Day of Resurrection He will tell them the truth of what they used to do. God has full knowledge of everything. (Verse 7)
تبدأ الآية بالتصريح بعلم الله الذي يحيط بكل ما في السماوات والأرض. فيُترك الخيال يجول في الآفاق الواسعة والأركان النائية من الأرض، فيرسم صورة لهذا العلم الذي لا يغادر شيئًا كبيرًا أو صغيرًا، ظاهرًا أو خفيًّا، في هذا الكون الفسيح. ثم تقترب الآية شيئًا فشيئًا لتمسّ قلوب المخاطَبين، فتعرض صورة من علم الله تهزّهم هزًّا عنيفًا: «مَا يَكُونُ مِن نَّجْوَىٰ ثَلَاثَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ رَابِعُهُمْ وَلَا خَمْسَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ سَادِسُهُمْ وَلَا أَدْنَىٰ مِن ذَٰلِكَ وَلَا أَكْثَرَ إِلَّا هُوَ مَعَهُمْ أَيْنَ مَا كَانُوا} [المجادلة: 7].
The verse begins by stating God’s knowledge that takes in everything in the heavens and earth. Our imagination is left to roam across the wide horizons and the remote corners of the earth, drawing a picture of this knowledge that leaves out nothing large or small, apparent or hidden, in this vast universe. It then draws gradually closer touching its addressees’ hearts, presenting an image of God’s knowledge that shakes them strongly: “Never can a secret conversation take place between three people where He is not the fourth; nor between five where He is not the sixth, nor between less or more than that without Him being with them, wherever they may be” (Verse 7)
هذا قولٌ حق، لكنه يُعبَّر عنه بأسلوبٍ بالغ التأثير، فيترك في قلوبنا شعورين متضادين: رجفةَ الهيبة من جهة، والطمأنينة من جهة أخرى، ونحن نشعر بدهشةٍ بالحضور الودود للمولى سبحانه. فحيثما اجتمع ثلاثةٌ في نجوى، شعروا أن الله رابعُهم، وإن كانوا خمسةً أدركوا أنه سادسُهم. بل إن كل اثنين يتناجيان سرًّا، فالله معهما كما هو مع أيِّ جماعةٍ أكبر. وكلما تأملنا هذه الصورة غمرتنا الهيبة. فصحيحٌ أن حضور الله يمنحنا شعورًا بالطمأنينة الودودة، لكنه في الوقت نفسه شديدُ الجلال، إذ هو سبحانه الحاضر "أينما كانوا". {ثم ينبئهم بما عملوا يوم القيامة}[المجادلة: 7]. هذه العبارة تُرسل رعشةَ الخوف إلى القلوب، فمجرد حضور الله واستماعه لكل نجوى أمرٌ مُنذِر. ثم ينظرون إلى عواقب هذا الحضور في صورة العقاب. فماذا يحدث حين يُكشف في يوم القيامة، أمام الخلائق كلها من جميع الأجيال شهودًا، ما كان الناس يقولونه في السر! وتختتم الآية كما بدأت، لتعطي صورةً عامة.
ماذا يُقال سرًّا
What To Say In Secret
ثُمَّ تُخاطِبُ السورةُ المؤمنين بوصفهم الذي يتميزون به، وهو قَبولُهم الإيمان، فتقول لهم: إنه لا ينبغي لهم أن يتناجَوا تناجِيَ المنافقين الذين كانوا يتآمرون سرًّا، ويحثُّ بعضهم بعضًا على الإثم والعدوان ومعصيةِ الرسولِ ﷺ. وتُذكّرهم بأن يبقوا متقين لله، وتخبرهم أن مثل هذه النجوى التي يتناجى بها المنافقون إنما هي من وحي الشيطان، الذي يهدف إلى إحزان المؤمنين. ومن ثَمَّ فهي أمرٌ لا يليق البتةَ بأهل الإيمان:
The surah then addresses the believers by their very quality of having accepted the faith. It tells them that they must not indulge in the sort of secret whispers the hypocrites resorted to, encouraging each other to commit sin, aggression and disobedience of the Prophet. It reminds them to remain God-fearing and tells them that such whispers as the hypocrites engage in is inspired by Satan who aims to cause grief to the believers. Hence, it is totally unbecoming of those who have faith:
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا تَنَاجَيْتُمْ فَلَا تَتَنَاجَوْا بِالْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ وَمَعْصِيَتِ الرَّسُولِ، وَتَنَاجَوْا بِالْبِرِّ وَالتَّقْوَىٰ
Believers, when you converse in secret, do not do so with a view to sinful doings, aggressive conduct and disobedience of God's Messenger, but rather hold counsel to promote righteousness and God-consciousness.
واتَّقوا اللهَ واعلموا أنكم إليه تُحشَرون، إنَّما النَّجوى مِنَ الشَّيطانِ لِيَحزُنَ الذينَ آمنوا، وليسَ بضارِّهم شيئًا إلَّا بإذنِ اللهِ، وعلى اللهِ فليتوكَّلِ المؤمنون.
Always remain God-fearing; to Him you will be gathered. [All other kinds of] secret conversation is the work of Satan, designed to cause grief to the believers. Yet he cannot harm them in the least, unless it be by God's leave. In God, then, let the believers place their trust.
(الآيتان ٩-١٠)
(Verses 9-10)
يبدو أن بعض أفراد المجتمع المسلم لم يستوعبوا تماماً معنى الانضباط الإسلامي. فكانوا يجتمعون في أوقات الشدة للتشاور فيما بينهم، وكان ذلك خافياً عن قيادتهم.
It seems that some in the Muslim community had not fully absorbed the sense of Islamic discipline. Such people met when times were hard to consult among themselves, and this was unknown to their leadership.
هذا أمرٌ مخالفٌ لطبيعة الأمة الإسلامية وروح الانضباط الشرعي، إذ تقتضي هذه الطبيعة وذلك الانضباط معًا أن يُعرض كلُّ رأيٍ أو مقترحٍ أولًا على القيادة، لا على الجماعات الشاذة.
This is something contrary to the nature of the Muslim community and the spirit of Islamic discipline, which together require that every view or suggestion first be presented to the leadership, not to fringe groups.
الأخلاق المهذبة
Refined Manners
يُشجَّعُ المؤمنون على التحلّي بجانبٍ آخر من حسن السلوك وجميل الآداب:
The believers are encouraged to maintain another aspect of good behaviour and fine manners:
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا قِيلَ لَكُمْ تَفَسَّحُوا فِي الْمَجَالِسِ فَافْسَحُوا يَفْسَحِ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ ۖ وَإِذَا قِيلَ انشُزُوا فَانشُزُوا يَرْفَعِ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنكُمْ وَالَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ دَرَجَاتٍ ۚ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ
Believers, when you are told to make room for one another in your gatherings, then do so, and God will make room for you. If you are told to rise up, then do so. God will elevate, by many degrees, those of you who believe and those who have been given knowledge. God is fully aware of all that you do. (Verse 11)
تُشِيرُ الرِّوَايَاتُ الْوَارِدَةُ فِي سَبَبِ نُزُولِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ إِلَى أَنَّهَا تَتَعَلَّقُ فِي الْحَقِيقَةِ بِالْمُنَافِقِينَ، وَهَذَا يَجْعَلُهَا أَوْثَقَ صِلَةً بِسِيَاقِ السُّورَةِ. وَذَكَرَ قَتَادَةُ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ تَتَحَدَّثُ عَنِ الْمَجَالِسِ الَّتِي يُقْصَدُ بِهَا الذِّكْرُ وَالْعِبَادَةُ التَّطَوُّعِيَّةُ. فَلَمَّا رَأَى الَّذِينَ كَانُوا جَالِسِينَ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَنْ جَاءَ لِيَنْضَمَّ إِلَيْهِمْ، حَرَصُوا بِوُضُوحٍ عَلَى الِاحْتِفَاظِ بِمَوَاضِعِهِمْ القَرِيبَةِ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. وَهُنَا يَأْمُرُهُمُ اللهُ أَنْ يُفْسِحَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ.
Reports speaking about the revelation of this verse suggest that it actually related to the hypocrites, which makes it more relevant to the flow of the surah. Qatadah mentions that this verse speaks about gatherings for voluntary worship. When those who were already sitting with the Prophet saw someone coming to join them, they were obviously keen to retain their own positions close to the Prophet. Here, God orders them to make room for each other.
قال مقاتل بن حيان:
Muqatil ibn Hayyan reports:
نزلت هذه الآية يوم الجمعة، والنبي ﷺ في الصُّفّة، وكان المكان ضيقًا إلى حدّ ما، وكان ﷺ يُكرم من حضر بدرًا من المهاجرين والأنصار. فجاء ناسٌ ممن شهدوا بدرًا ليجلسوا معه، لكن المكان كان قد امتلأ. فوقفوا مقابل النبي ﷺ وسلّموا عليه، فردّ عليهم السلام. ثم سلّموا على الجالسين مع النبي ﷺ فردّوا عليهم. وظلّوا قيامًا، يرجون أن يفسح لهم الحاضرون مكانًا.
This verse was revealed on a Friday, when the Prophet was at al- Suffah where the place was rather narrow. He used to honour those who attended the Battle of Badr from among the Muhajirin and the Ansar. Some people who fought at Badr came to join him but the place was already taken up. They stood facing the Prophet and greeted him. He replied to their greeting. Then they greeted the people sitting with the Prophet and those replied. They continued to stand, hoping that those present would make room for them.
الحلف الكاذب
False Swearing
تتحدث السورة مجددًا عن المنافقين الذين والَوا اليهود في المدينة، وتصف حقيقة موقفهم وسلوكهم. وتتوعدهم بفضح نفاقهم وإنزال عاقبة وخيمة بهم، وتبيّن أن الإسلام سيكون منتصرًا، رغم كل مكائدهم ومؤامراتهم:
The surah speaks anew about the hypocrites who befriended the Jews in Madlnah, describing their true position and attitude. It threatens to expose their hypocrisy and to inflict a terrible end upon them. It makes clear that Islam will be triumphant, despite all their schemes and conspiracies:
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا قَوْمًا غَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ ۖ مَا هُم مِّنكُمْ وَلَا مِنْهُمْ ۙ وَيَحْلِفُونَ عَلَى الْكَذِبِ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ ﴿١٤﴾ أَعَدَّ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا ۖ إِنَّهُمْ سَاءَ مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ ﴿١٥﴾ اتَّخَذُوا أَيْمَانَهُمْ جُنَّةً فَصَدُّوا عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۖ فَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مُّهِينٌ ﴿١٦﴾
Have you not seen those who would be friends with people who have incurred God's anger? They belong neither to you nor to them. They knowingly swear to falsehood. God has prepared for them grievous suffering. Evil indeed is what they do. They use their oaths as a cover [for their falseness], and they turn people away from the path of God.
فَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ شَدِيدٌ ۖ إِنَّهُمْ سَاءَ مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ۔ لَن تُغْنِيَ عَنْهُمْ أَمْوَالُهُمْ وَلَا أَوْلَادُهُم مِّنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ ۖ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ۔ يَوْمَ يَبْعَثُهُمُ اللَّهُ جَمِيعًا فَيَحْلِفُونَ لَهُ كَمَا يَحْلِفُونَ لَكُمْ وَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ عَلَىٰ شَيْءٍ ۚ أَلَا إِنَّهُمْ هُمُ الْكَاذِبُونَ۔ اسْتَحْوَذَ عَلَيْهِمُ الشَّيْطَانُ فَأَنسَاهُمْ ذِكْرَ اللَّهِ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ حِزْبُ الشَّيْطَانِ ۚ أَلَا إِنَّ حِزْبَ الشَّيْطَانِ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ۔
Hence, shameful suffering awaits them. Neither their wealth nor their children will be of the least avail to them against God. They are destined for the fire, where they will abide. On the day when God will raise them all from the dead, they will swear before Him as they swear now before you, thinking that they have something to stand upon. It is they who are indeed liars. Satan has gained mastery over them and thus caused them to remain oblivious of the remembrance of God. They are the party of Satan. It is the partisans of Satan who will truly be the losers. (Verses 14-19)
هذا التنديد الشديد بالمنافقين الذين تولّوا القوم الذين غضب الله عليهم، أي اليهود، يدلّ على أن هؤلاء المنافقين كانوا نشطين جدًا في التآمر ضد الجماعة المسلمة، متواطئين مع أعدائها المعلنين. ويدلّ كذلك على أن سلطة الإسلام قد تعزّزت آنذاك إلى درجة أنها ألقت الرعب في قلوب المنافقين.
This strong denunciation of the hypocrites who befriended those who had incurred Gods anger, i.e. the Jews, suggests that these hypocrites were very active in scheming against the Muslim community, conspiring with its avowed enemies. It also suggests that the authority of Islam had now been consolidated so as to strike fear into the hypocrites hearts.
3. أكدت الأحداث المستقبلية، أي انهيار الشيوعية، رأي المؤلف. فقد كتب هذا في أوائل ستينيات القرن العشرين حين كانت الشيوعية في ذروة ازدهارها. - ملاحظة المحرر.
3. Future events, viz. the collapse of Communism, confirmed the author’s view. He wrote this in the early 1960s when Communism was in its heyday. - Editors note.
مقياس الإيمان
The Measure Of Faith
مع اقتراب ختام السورة، تبيّن القاعدة الثابتة التي يلتزم بها المؤمنون، أو الميزان الدقيق للإيمان كما يستقر في قلوب الناس.
As the surah draws to its close, it outlines the constant rule that believers apply, or the accurate measure of faith as it settles in peoples hearts:
لَا تَجِدُ قَوْمًا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ يُوَادُّونَ مَنْ حَادَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَلَوْ كَانُوا آبَاءَهُمْ أَوْ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ أَوْ إِخْوَانَهُمْ أَوْ عَشِيرَتَهُمْ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ كَتَبَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الْإِيمَانَ وَأَيَّدَهُم بِرُوحٍ مِّنْهُ ۖ وَيُدْخِلُهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ۚ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ حِزْبُ اللَّهِ ۚ أَلَا إِنَّ حِزْبَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ
You shall not find people who truly believe in God and the Last Day on friendly terms with those who contend against God and His Messenger, even though they may be their fathers, sons, brothers, or kindred. These are the people in whose hearts God has inscribed faith, and whom He has strengthened with a spirit of His own. He will admit them into gardens through which running waters flow, where they will abide. Well pleased is God with them, and they with Him.
أَلَا إِنَّ حِزْبَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ Note: the verse is quoted from the Qur'an; "حِزْبَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ" comes from Surah al-Mujadila, verse 22.
They are the party of God. It is the partisans of God that will be truly successful, (verse 22)
يُقدِّم هذا بياناً كاملاً للمقارنة بين حزب الله وحزب الشيطان. والأمر مسألةُ اتخاذِ الموقفِ النهائيِّ الحاسمِ دون تردد مع حزبِ التمييز، بعد نبذِ جميعِ الأثقالِ والإغراءات، من أجل التمسك بالرابطةِ الواحدةِ الوحيدة. ﴿لَا تَجِدُ قَوْمًا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ يُوَادُّونَ مَنْ حَادَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ﴾ (الآية 22). ما جعل اللهُ لرجلٍ من قلبين في جوفه، وما يستطيعُ أحدٌ أن يحملَ في قلبِه حبَّين.
This provides complete comparison between Gods party and the party of Satan. It is a question of taking ones final and unhesitating position with the party of distinction, after discarding all burdens and temptations, so as to uphold the one and only tie. “ You shall not find people who truly believe in God and the Last Day on friendly terms with those who contend against God and His Messenger” (Verse 22) Never has God put two hearts in one mans body. Never can anyone harbour two loves in his heart:
حبٌّ واحد لله ولرسوله، وحبٌّ واحد لأعدائهما. الأمر كله مسألة إيمانٍ أو كفر، ولا يمكن أن يجتمع الاثنان أبدًا.
one love for God and His Messenger and one for their enemies. It is all a question of faith or unfaith; the two can never meet.