فُصِّلَت (تفصيلاً واضحاً) (شهادةُ الحواسّ) 1-36
Fussilat Clearly Expounded ( Testimony Of One’s Own Senses ) 1-36
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ حم (1)
In the Name of God, the Lord of Grace, the Ever Merciful Ha. Mim. (1)
تَنْزِيلٌ مِّنَ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
A revelation from the Lord of Grace, the Ever Merciful: (2)
كتابٌ فُصِّلَتْ آيَاتُهُ قُرْآنًا عَرَبِيًّا لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ (٣)
a book, the verses of which have been clearly spelled out as a discourse in Arabic for people of knowledge. (3)
يُبَشِّرُ وَيُنذِرُ، فَأَعْرَضَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ فَهُمْ لَا يَسْمَعُونَ
It gives good news as well as a warning. Yet, most of them turn away, so that they do not hear. (4)
قَالُوا قُلُوبُنَا فِي أَكِنَّةٍ مِمَّا تَدْعُونَا إِلَيْهِ، وَفِي آذَانِنَا وَقْرٌ، وَمِنْ بَيْنِنَا وَبَيْنِكَ حِجَابٌ ﷺ
They say: ‘Our hearts are veiled from whatever you call us to, and in our ears is deafness, and there is a barrier between us and you.
فَاصْنَعْ مَا أَنْتَ صَانِعٌ، فَإِنَّا صَانِعُونَ
So do you what you will, and so shall we.’ (5)
قُلْ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ مِّثْلُكُمْ يُوحَىٰ إِلَيَّ أَنَّمَا إِلَٰهُكُمْ إِلَٰهٌ وَاحِدٌ ۖ فَاسْتَقِيمُوا إِلَيْهِ وَاسْتَغْفِرُوهُ ۗ وَوَيْلٌ لِّلْمُشْرِكِينَ
Say: ‘I am but a human being like yourselves. It has been revealed to me that your God is the One and only God. Therefore, take the straight path to Him and seek His forgiveness.’ Woe to those who associate partners with Him, (6)
{وَوَيْلٌ لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ * الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ وَهُمْ بِالْآخِرَةِ هُمْ كَافِرُونَ} (7)
and who do not pay the obligatory charity, and who refuse to believe in the life to come. (7)
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَهُمْ أَجْرٌ غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ (8)
Those who believe and do good deeds shall have an unfailing reward. (8)
قُلْ أَئِنَّكُمْ لَتَكْفُرُونَ بِالَّذِي خَلَقَ الْأَرْضَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ وَتَجْعَلُونَ لَهُ أَندَادًا ۚ
Say: ‘Do you indeed disbelieve in Him who has created the earth in two days? And do you claim others to be His equals?
{هُوَ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ} (9)
It is He who is the Lord of all the worlds. (9)
وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا رَوَاسِيَ مِن فَوْقِهَا وَبَارَكَ فِيهَا وَقَدَّرَ فِيهَا أَقْوَاتَهَا فِي أَرْبَعَةِ أَيَّامٍ سَوَاءً لِّلسَّائِلِينَ
He it is who placed on the earth firm mountains towering above it, and bestowed His blessings on it, and measured out its varied provisions in four days, ensuring equity for all who seek [such provisions]. (10)
ثُمَّ اسْتَوَىٰ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَهِيَ دُخَانٌ فَقَالَ لَهَا وَلِلْأَرْضِ
Then, He applied His design to the sky, which was but smoke; and said to it and to the earth:
﴿ائْتِيَا طَوْعًا أَوْ كَرْهًا قَالَتَا أَتَيْنَا طَائِعِينَ﴾
‘Come, both of you, willingly or unwillingly.’ They both said: ‘We do come willingly.’ (11)
فَقَضَاهُنَّ سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ وَأَوْحَى فِي كُلِّ سَمَاءٍ أَمْرَهَا
So He decreed that they become seven heavens in two days, and assigned to each heaven its task.
زَيَّنَّا السَّمَاءَ الدُّنْيَا بِمَصَابِيحَ وَحِفْظًا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ (١٢)
We adorned the sky nearest to the earth with lights, and made them secure. Such is the design of the Almighty, the All-Knowing. (12)
فَإِنْ أَعْرَضُوا فَقُلْ أَنْذَرْتُكُمْ صَاعِقَةً مِثْلَ صَاعِقَةِ عَادٍ وَثَمُودَ
If they turn away, say: ‘I warn you of a thunderbolt like the thunderbolt that struck the ‘Ad and Thamud.’ (13)
{جَاءَهُمُ الرُّسُلُ مِن كُلِّ جَانِبٍ} — لم أعتد أن أدرج هذه الآية بهذا الشكل، لذا أترجم النص كما ورد دون زيادة: جَاءَهُمُ الرُّسُلُ مِن كُلِّ جَانِبٍ يَقُولُونَ
There came to them, from all directions, messengers saying:
«أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا اللَّهَ». قَالُوا: «لَوْ شَاءَ رَبُّنَا لَأَنْزَلَ مَلَائِكَةً، فَإِنَّا بِمَا أُرْسِلْتُمْ بِهِ كَافِرُونَ». (١٤)
‘Worship none but God.’ They answered: ‘If our Lord had wished, He would have sent down angels. We will never believe in your message.’ (14)
أَمَّا عَادٌ فَاسْتَكْبَرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ، وَقَالُوا: مَنْ أَشَدُّ مِنَّا قُوَّةً؟ أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّ اللَّهَ الَّذِي خَلَقَهُمْ هُوَ أَشَدُّ مِنْهُمْ قُوَّةً؟
As for the ‘Ad, they behaved arrogantly through the land, against all right, and said: ‘Who is mightier than us?’ Did they not realize that God, who created them, was mightier than them?
وَاسْتَمَرُّوا فِي تَكْذِيبِ آيَاتِنَا۔ (١٥)
They continued to reject Our revelations. (15)
فَأَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحًا صَرْصَرًا فِي أَيَّامٍ نَحِسَاتٍ لِنُذِيقَهُمْ عَذَابَ الْخِزْيِ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۖ وَلَعَذَابُ الْآخِرَةِ أَخْزَىٰ ۖ وَهُمْ لَا يُنْصَرُونَ
Therefore, We let loose upon them a howling gale raging through several days of mis fortune, so as to give them, in the life of this world, a foretaste of humiliating suffering. Yet the suffering in the life to come will be even more humiliating, and they will have none to help them.
(16)
(16)
وَأَمَّا ثَمُودُ فَهَدَيْنَاهُمْ فَاسْتَحَبُّوا الْعَمَىٰ عَلَى الْهُدَىٰ فَأَخَذَتْهُمْ صَاعِقَةُ الْعَذَابِ الْهُونِ بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ ﴿١٧﴾
As for the Thamud, We offered them guidance, but they chose blindness in preference to guidance. Therefore, the thunder bolt of humiliating suffering struck them in consequence of what they had wrought. (17)
وَأَنجَيْنَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَكَانُوا يَتَّقُونَ
And We saved those who believed and were God-fearing.
(18)
(18)
وَيَوْمَ يُحْشَرُ أَعْدَاءُ اللَّهِ إِلَى النَّارِ فَهُمْ يُوزَعُونَ
On the day when Gods enemies will be gathered together before the fire, they will be driven onwards (19)
حَتَّىٰ إِذَا مَا جَاءُوهَا شَهِدَ عَلَيْهِمْ سَمْعُهُمْ وَأَبْصَارُهُمْ وَجُلُودُهُم بِمَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ
until, when they reach it, their ears, their eyes and their very skins will bear witness against them, speaking of what they used to do [on earth]. (20)
وَقَالُوا لِجُلُودِهِمْ لِمَ شَهِدْتُمْ عَلَيْنَا ۖ قَالُوا أَنْطَقَنَا اللَّهُ الَّذِي أَنْطَقَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ وَهُوَ خَلَقَكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ وَإِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ (21)
They will ask their skins: ‘Why did you bear witness against us?’ To which they will reply: ‘God, who gave speech to all things, has made us speak. It is He who created you in the first instance, and to Him you now return. (21)
وَمَا كُنتُمْ تَسْتَتِرُونَ أَن يَشْهَدَ عَلَيْكُمْ سَمْعُكُمْ وَلَا أَبْصَارُكُمْ وَلَا جُلُودُكُمْ وَلَٰكِن ظَنَنتُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَعْلَمُ كَثِيرًا مِّمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ ٢٢
‘You did not try to hide your selves so that your ears, eyes and skins could not be made to testify against you. Yet you thought that God did not know much of what you were doing. (22)
وَذَٰلِكُمْ ظَنُّكُمُ الَّذِي ظَنَنْتُمْ بِرَبِّكُمْ أَرْدَاكُمْ فَأَصْبَحْتُمْ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ٢٣
‘And it is this thought of yours which you entertained about your Lord that brought you to perdition, so that you are now among the lost.’ (23)
فَإِن يَصْبِرُوا فَالنَّارُ مَثْوًى لَّهُمْ، وَإِن يَسْتَعْتِبُوا فَمَا هُم مِّنَ الْمُعْتَبِينَ۔ (٢٤)
If they resign themselves to patience, the fire will be their home; and if they pray to be allowed to make amends, they will not be allowed to do so. (24)
وَقَيَّضْنَا لَهُمْ قُرَنَاءَ فَزَيَّنُوا لَهُمْ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ وَحَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقَوْلُ فِي أُمَمٍ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنْسِ ۖ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا خَاسِرِينَ
We have assigned to the unbelievers companions who made their past and present seem goodly to them, but the sentence has fallen due upon them together with bygone generations of jinn and humans. They will indeed be lost. (25)
وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا: لَا تَسْمَعُوا لِهَٰذَا الْقُرْآنِ وَالْغَوْا فِيهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَغْلِبُونَ۔ (٢٦)
The unbelievers say: ‘Do not listen to this Qur’an, but drown it in frivolous talk, so that you may gain the upper hand.’ (26)
وَلَنُذِيقَنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا ۖ وَلَنَجْزِيَنَّهُمْ أَسْوَأَ الَّذِي كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ ﴿٢٧﴾
We shall most certainly give the unbelievers a taste of severe suffering; and We shall most certainly requite them according to the worst of their deeds. (27)
ذَٰلِكَ جَزَاءُ أَعْدَاءِ اللَّهِ النَّارُ ۖ لَهُمْ فِيهَا دَارُ الْخُلْدِ ۖ جَزَاءً بِمَا كَانُوا بِآيَاتِنَا يَجْحَدُونَ۔ (٢٨)
Such is the requital of the enemies of God: the fire will be their lasting home: a fit requital for their having knowingly rejected Our revelations. (28)
وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا رَبَّنَا أَرِنَا الَّذَيْنِ أَضَلَّانَا مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنسِ نَجْعَلْهُمَا تَحْتَ أَقْدَامِنَا لِيَكُونَا مِنَ الْأَسْفَلِينَ (٢٩)
The unbelievers say: ‘Our Lord! Show us those jinn and men who have led us astray. We shall trample them under our feet so that they shall be among the lowest of the low.’ (29)
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا رَبُّنَا اللَّهُ ثُمَّ اسْتَقَامُوا تَتَنَزَّلُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ أَلَّا تَخَافُوا وَلَا تَحْزَنُوا
As for those who say: ‘Our Lord is God,’ and then steadfastly pursue the right way, the angels will descend on them, saying:
لَا تَخَافُوا وَلَا تَحْزَنُوا وَأَبْشِرُوا بِالْجَنَّةِ الَّتِي كُنْتُمْ تُوعَدُونَ (٣٠)
‘Have no fear, and do not grieve, but rejoice in the good news of Paradise which you have been promised. (30)
نَحْنُ أَوْلِيَاؤُكُمْ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ ۖ وَلَكُمْ فِيهَا مَا تَشْتَهِي أَنفُسُكُمْ وَلَكُمْ فِيهَا مَا تَدَّعُونَ (31)
‘We are your guardians in the life of this world and in the life to come. There you shall have all that your souls desire, and all that you ask for, (31)
كَرَزْقٍ مُعَدٍّ مِنْ عِنْدِ الْغَفُورِ الرَّحِيمِ (٣٢)
as a ready welcome from Him who is much-forgiving, ever merciful. ’ (32)
وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ قَوْلًا مِّمَّن دَعَا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَعَمِلَ صَالِحًا وَقَالَ إِنَّنِي مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ
Who speaks better than he who calls people to God, does what is right, and says, ‘I am one of those who have surrendered themselves to God? (33)
لا يستوي الخير والشر.
Good and evil cannot be equal.
ادْفَعْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ فَإِذَا الَّذِي بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَهُ عَدَاوَةٌ كَأَنَّهُ وَلِيٌّ حَمِيمٌ (34)
Repel evil with what is better, and he who is your enemy will become as close to you as a true friend. (34)
وَمَا يُلَقَّاهَا إِلَّا الَّذِينَ صَبَرُوا، وَمَا يُلَقَّاهَا إِلَّا ذُو حَظٍّ عَظِيمٍ. (35)
Yet none will attain this except those who are patient in adversity; none will attain it except those endowed with truly great fortune. (35)
وَإِمَّا يَنزَغَنَّكَ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ نَزْغٌ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ۔ (36)
If a prompting from Satan should stir you up, seek refuge with God. He alone is All Hearing, All-Knowing. (36)
مصدرُ الوحيِ الإلهي
The Source Of Divine Revelations
تبدأ السورة بالحرفين المقطعين: حٰمٓ. وقد بيّنّا في موضع آخر سبب افتتاح كثير من السور بحروف مقطّعة من الأبجدية العربية. وأن يُذكر هذا كثيرًا يتّسق مع منهج القرآن في تكرار الإشارات إلى الحقائق التي يريد أن تستقر في القلوب. فإن القلب البشري بطبعه يحتاج إلى مثل هذا التكرار، لأنه ينسى مع مرور الزمن. ولكي تترسخ حقيقة في الضمير، لا بد أن تُكرَّر بوجوه متعددة. والقرآن يخاطب القلب البشري بكل الخصائص التي أودعها الله في فطرته، وفق علم خالقه.
The surah opens with the two separate letters, Ha. Mim. We have explained elsewhere the reason why many surahs start with separate letters of the Arabic alphabet. That this is often stated fits in with the Qur’anic method of repeating references to the facts it wants our hearts to internalize. By nature, the human heart needs such repetition because it tends to forget with the passage of time. In order to instil a fact in ones conscience one needs to have it repeated in a variety of ways. The Qur’an addresses the human heart with all the qualities instilled in its nature in accordance with its Creator’s knowledge.
كأن الحرفين اللذين تبدأ بهما السورة، حا، ميم، اسمٌ أُطلق على السورة أو على القرآن. ويشكّل الحرفان المبتدأ للجملة الأولى، بينما يأتي الخبر في الآية التالية: «حم * تَنزِيلٌ مِّنَ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ» (الآيتان 1-2). إن اختيار صفتي الرحمة والرحمانية الإلهيتين مقترنتين بإنزال القرآن يُبرز الصفة الأكثر تميزاً لهذا الوحي، وهي الرحمة الإلهية. ولا شك أن إنزال القرآن رحمة للناس أجمعين، فهو رحمة للذين يؤمنون به ويعملون بما فيه، وكذلك لسائر المخلوقات لا للبشر وحدهم. فالقرآن يحدد منهجاً للحياة يحقق الخير للجميع، وقد كان له أثر عميق في حياة البشرية ومفاهيمها وقيمها وسبل سلوكها. وأثره عامٌّ ومتسق منذ أن نزل. ويدرك هذه الحقيقة من يدرس تاريخ الإنسانية بموضوعية حقيقية، متتبعاً مسارها في إطارها الأوسع الذي يشمل جميع جوانب النشاط الإنساني. وقد سجّل كثير منهم ذلك بعبارات واضحة.
It is as if the two letters with which the surah starts, Ha, Mlm, are a name given to the surah or to the Qur’an. The two letters constitute the subject of the first sentence while the predicate forms the next verse: “Ha, Mim. A revelation from the Lord of Grace, the Ever Merciful” (Verses 1-2) Choosing to identify the Divine attributes of grace and mercy in connection with the revelation of the Qur’an highlights the quality that is most characteristic of this revelation, namely Divine mercy. There is no doubt that the revelation of the Qur’an is an act of mercy for all mankind. It is a mercy for those who believe in it and implement it as also for other creatures, not merely humans. The Qur’an defines a code of living that brings good results for all. It has had a profound impact on the life of humanity, its concepts, values and course of action. Its impact is universal and consistent, ever since it was revealed. Those who study human history with true objectivity, following its course in its wider perspective, which includes all facets of human activity, are able to recognize this truth. Many of them have also recorded this in clear terms.
خَلْقُ الأَرْضِ
Creation Of The Earth
مع استمراره في الدعوة إلى الرسالة الإلهية، يضع النبي ﷺ أمامهم عِظَمَ الجُرم الذي يرتكبونه بإشراكهم شركاءَ مع الله ورفضهم لرسالته. فهو يُشير أولاً إلى الكون، الذي هم بالنسبة إليه مخلوقات ضئيلة وواهية. يُريهم قدرة الله كما تنعكس في طبيعة هذا الكون الذي يشكلون فيه جزءاً صغيراً. وهو يريد أن ينتشلهم من الزاوية الضيقة التي ينظرون من خلالها إلى الرسالة الإلهية. فمن تلك الزاوية يرون أنفسهم كباراً، يشغلون مواقع مهمة.
Continuing to advocate the Divine message, the Prophet puts before them the enormity of the offence they commit by associating partners with God and rejecting His message. He points first to the universe, in relation to which they are tiny and flimsy creatures. He shows them Gods power as reflected in the nature of this universe of which they constitute only a small part. He wants to draw them out of the narrow angle through which they look at the Divine message. From that angle, they see themselves as large, occupying important positions.
منشغلین بذواتهم ومناصبهم ومصالحهم، ولأنّ محمداً ﷺ اختاره اللهُ دونهم، فإنهم يغفلون عن الحقيقة العظيمة التي بيّنها القرآنُ الكريمُ وعرضها عليهم محمدٌ ﷺ. وهذه الحقيقة العظيمة تتعلق بالكون، وبجميع أجيال البشرية، وتحمل طابعَ الإطلاقِ الذي يتجاوز الزمانَ والمكانَ والأشخاص:
Preoccupied with their own selves, positions and interests, and the fact that Muhammad was chosen by God in preference to them, they overlook the great truth expounded in the Qur’an and set before them by Muhammad. This great truth relates to the universe, to all generations of humanity, and carries absolutism that transcends time, place and people:
قُلْ أَئِنَّكُمْ لَتَكْفُرُونَ بِالَّذِي خَلَقَ الْأَرْضَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ وَتَجْعَلُونَ لَهُ أَندَادًا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا رَوَاسِيَ مِن فَوْقِهَا وَبَارَكَ فِيهَا وَقَدَّرَ فِيهَا أَقْوَاتَهَا فِي أَرْبَعَةِ أَيَّامٍ سَوَاءً لِّلسَّائِلِينَ ثُمَّ اسْتَوَىٰ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَهِيَ دُخَانٌ فَقَالَ لَهَا وَلِلْأَرْضِ ائْتِيَا طَوْعًا أَوْ كَرْهًا ۖ قَالَتَا أَتَيْنَا طَائِعِينَ فَقَضَاهُنَّ سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ وَأَوْحَىٰ فِي كُلِّ سَمَاءٍ أَمْرَهَا ۚ وَزَيَّنَّا السَّمَاءَ الدُّنْيَا بِمَصَابِيحَ وَحِفْظًا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ
Say: Do you indeed disbelieve in Him who has created the earth in two days? And do you claim others to be His equals? It is He who is the Lord of all the worlds. He it is who placed on the earth firm mountains towering above it, and bestowed His blessings on it, and measured out its varied provisions in four days, ensuring equity for all who seek [such provisions]. Then, He applied His design to the sky, which was but smoke; and said to it and to the earth: 'Come, both of you, willingly or unwillingly. ’ They both said: 'We do come willingly. ’ So He decreed that they become seven heavens in two days, and assigned to each heaven its task. We adorned the sky nearest to the earth with lights, and made them secure. Such is the design of the Almighty, the All-Knowing. (Verses 9-12)
1. زكي، أحمد، مع الله في السماء [With God in Heaven]. دار الهلال، القاهرة، (د.ت). لم أتمكن من العثور على هذا الاقتباس في الكتاب. - ملاحظة المحرر.
1. Zaki, Ahmad, Ma'a Allah ft al-Sama’ [With God in Heaven]. Dar al-Hilal, Cairo, (n.d.) I could not locate this quotation in the book. - Editors note.
2. المرجع نفسه، ص ٩٦-٩٨.
2. Ibid., pp. 96-98.
كوكب مبارك
A Blessed Planet
يجب أن نتوقف لحظةً عند كل عبارة من هذا النص القرآني قبل أن نوجّه انتباهنا إلى ذكر السماوات في الآية التي تليها.
We need to dwell for a moment on every phrase of this Qur’anic text before we turn our attention to the mention of the heavens in the next verse.
"وَهُوَ الَّذِي أَلْقَى فِي الْأَرْضِ رَوَاسِيَ شَامِخَاتٍ" (الآية ١٠). تُوصَف الجبال في القرآن الكريم كثيرًا بأنها «رواسي»، وفي بعض المواضع يكون الغرض من وضعها أنها تمنع الأرض من أن تضطرب أو تميد. وهذا يعني أن الجبال ثابتة في ذاتها، وتُثبّت الأرض، فتبقى متوازنة. وفي الأزمنة الماضية كان الناس يظنون أن الأرض قائمة على أسس راسخة. أما اليوم فيُقال لهم إن الأرض ليست سوى كرة صغيرة تطفو في فضاء واسع دون سند.
“He it is who placed on the earth firm mountains towering above it” (Verse 10) Mountains are often described in the Qur'an as ‘firm’, and in some instances the purpose of their positioning is that they prevent’ the earth from shaking or swaying. This means that the mountains are firm in themselves and stabilize the earth, ensuring that it remains well balanced. In times gone by, people used to think that the earth was based on firm foundations. They are told today that the earth is nothing more than a small ball that floats in a great expanse, without support.
قد يشعرون بالخوف عندما يسمعون مثل هذه الكلمات لأول مرة، وقد يبدأ بعضهم بالنظر إليها بحذر، قلقين من أن تهتز الأرض أو تسقط في أعماق الفضاء. فليطمئن أولئك الناس.
They may be scared when they listen to such words for the first time, and some of them may begin to look warily askance, worried that the earth might shake or fall in deep space. Let such people be reassured.
يَدُ اللهِ تُمْسِكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَتَمْنَعُ زَوَالَهُمَا، وَلَوْ زَالَتَا لَمَا أَمْسَكَهُمَا أَحَدٌ غَيْرُهُ. فَعَلَى مِثْلِ هَؤُلَاءِ أَنْ يَطْرُدُوا عَنْ أَنْفُسِهِمُ الْأَفْكَارَ الْمُقْلِقَةَ، لِأَنَّ النِّظَامَ الَّذِي يَحْكُمُ الْكَوْنَ يُدِيرُهُ الْعَزِيزُ الْقَدِيرُ الَّذِي لَهُ السُّلْطَانُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ.
God’s hand holds the heavens and the earth, preventing their disappearance. Should they vanish, no one else would hold them in place. Such people should banish worrying thoughts, because the laws that govern the universe are set in operation by the Almighty who holds sway over all things.
قال العالم نفسه:
The same scientist says:
كُلُّ حَدَثٍ يَقَعُ على الأرض، سواءٌ على سطحها أو تحته، فيُنقَلُ بسببه جِسْمٌ من مكانٍ إلى مكانٍ آخَرَ، له أثرٌ في سرعة الأرض في حركتها في مَدارها. ولا يقتصر ذلك على دورة المدّ والجزر وحدها؛ فحتى حين تحمل الأنهار الماءَ من مكانٍ من الأرض إلى مكانٍ آخَرَ، فإن ذلك يؤثّر في سرعة حركتها. والرياحُ المُثيرةُ، وما يسقط في البحر أو يبرز على السطح، له أثرٌ في سرعة الأرض في حركتها في مَدارها. ومِمّا يؤثّر في تلك السرعة أيضًا أيُّ تمدُّدٍ أو تقلُّصٍ في حجمها، وإن كان لا يزيد أو ينقص إلّا بمقدارِ بضعِ أقدامٍ.
تصميمٌ للسماء
A Design For The Sky
ثُمَّ اسْتَوَىٰ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَهِيَ دُخَانٌ فَقَالَ لَهَا وَلِلْأَرْضِ ائْتِيَا طَوْعًا أَوْ كَرْهًا ۖ قَالَتَا أَتَيْنَا طَائِعِينَ ﴿١١﴾ فَقَضَاهُنَّ سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ وَأَوْحَىٰ فِي كُلِّ سَمَاءٍ أَمْرَهَا ۚ وَزَيَّنَّا السَّمَاءَ الدُّنْيَا بِمَصَابِيحَ وَحِفْظًا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ ﴿١٢﴾
Then, He applied His design to the sky, which was but smoke; and said to it and to the earth: ‘Come, both of you, willingly or unwillingly.’ They both said: ‘We do come willingly.9 So He decreed that they become seven heavens in two days, and assigned to each heaven its task. We adorned the sky nearest to the earth with lights, and made them secure. Such is the design of the Almighty, the All Knowing. (Verses 11-12)
ومعنى الاستواء إلى السماء هنا أنّ ذلك كان بمشيئته، وقد لا تدلّ كلمة «ثمّ» على الترتيب الزمني، بل قد تعني الانتقال إلى شيء أعلى؛ فالسماء أعلى بحسب فهمنا. ﴿ثُمَّ اسْتَوَىٰ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَهِيَ دُخَانٌ﴾ (الآية 11). ويرى العلماء أنّ النجوم كانت قبل وجودها سحابةً تُسمّى السديم، وهي سحابة من الغاز، أو بالأحرى من الدخان.
What is meant here by the application of Gods design is that it was His will to do so. The word, ‘then, may not signify a chronological order; rather, it may mean turning to something higher. In our sense, the sky is higher. “ Then, He applied His design to the sky, which was but smoke.n (Verse 11) Scientists believe that before the existence of stars there was what they call the nebula, a cloud of gas, or rather, smoke.
تحتوي السدُم، المضيئةُ منها والمظلمة، على الغازِ والغبار، وليس ذلك إلا ما يبقى بعد خلقِ النجوم. وتقول النظرية إن المجرّة تكوّنت في البداية من الغازِ والغبار، ومن ذلك تكوّنت جميع النجوم بعملية الترسيب والتَّرسُّب.
The nebulas, bright or dark, contain gas and dust, which is nothing other than what is left after the creation of the stars. The theory says that the galaxy was first formed of gas and dust, from which all stars were formed by a process of deposition and sedimentation.
ومع ذلك بقي جزء من الغاز والغبار، ومن هذا المتبقي تكوّنت السدم. ومع ذلك يبقى في هذه المجرة العظيمة قدر كبير، مساوٍ لما دخل في تكوين النجوم. وما زالت النجوم تجذب بالجاذبية بعضًا منه، مما يعني أن النجوم تنفض الغبار عن السماء لإزالة ما تبقّى، لكن هذه المنافض قليلة جدًا بالنسبة إلى الكمية التي تحتاج إلى نفضها والمساحة التي تحتاج إلى تنظيفها.5
Yet some of the gas and dust remained, and from the remainder, the nebulas formed. Yet in this great galaxy remains a large quantity, equal to that which went into the formation of the stars. The stars continue to pull some of it by gravity, which means that the stars are dusting the sky to remove what is left, yet these dusters are too few in relation to the amount that needs to be dusted away and the space that needs to be cleaned.5
5. المرجع نفسه، ص ١٩١-١٩٢.
5. Ibid., pp. 191-192.
الاستسلام الطوعي
A Willing Submission
ثُمَّ يُضِيفُ الْآيَةُ عِبَارَةً تُعَبِّرُ عَنْ حَقِيقَةٍ عَظِيمَةٍ: {وَقَالَ لَهَا وَلِلْأَرْضِ ائْتِيَا طَوْعًا أَوْ كَرْهًا}
The verse then adds a statement expressing an awesome truth: “and said to it and to the earth: Come, both of you, willingly or unwillingly.
قَالَتَا أَتَيْنَا طَائِعِينَ۔ (الآية 11) وفي هذا إشارة عجيبة إلى أن الكون خاضع لسيطرة الله، فهو ينقاد لخالقه ويؤدي أمره طوعًا. ولم يبقَ إلا الإنسان، الذي يخضع في أغلب الأحوال لشرع الله كرهًا. ويسري عليه القانون حتمًا، ولا يستطيع أن يخرج نفسه من نطاقه.
They both said: We do come willingly.” (Verse 11) This is a remarkable reference to the fact of the universe being under Gods control. It submits to its Creator and willingly does His bidding. This leaves only man who, in most cases, submits to God’s law unwillingly. The law inevitably applies to him and he cannot take himself out of its domain.
الإنسان ليس أكثر من ترسٍ صغيرٍ في الآلة العظيمة للكون.
Man is no more than a little gear in the great machinery of the universe.
تَنْطَبِقُ جَمِيعُ القَوَانِينِ الكَوْنِيَّةِ عَلَيْهِ، سَوَاءٌ أَحَبَّهَا أَمْ كَرِهَهَا. وَمَعَ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ المَخْلُوقُ الوَحِيدُ الَّذِي لَا يَخْضَعُ لِلْخُضُوعِ نَفْسِهِ الَّذِي تَخْضَعُ لَهُ الأَرْضُ وَالسَّمَاءُ. إِنَّهُ دَائِمًا يَحَاوِلُ الِانْحِرَافَ عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ السَّهْلِ السَّلِسِ، فَيَصْطَدِمُ بِذَلِكَ بِقَوَانِينِ الطَّبِيعَةِ، وَالَّتِي سَتَغْلِبُهُ حَتْمًا. ثُمَّ يَخْضَعُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ عَلَى كُرْهٍ. وَيُسْتَثْنَى مِنْ ذَلِكَ عِبَادُ اللهِ الَّذِينَ لَا يَتَعَارَضُونَ، فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ وَتَصَوُّرَاتِهِمْ وَرَغَبَاتِهِمْ وَأَعْمَالِهِمْ، مَعَ الشَّرِيعَةِ الإِلَهِيَّةِ العَامَّةِ. هَؤُلَاءِ يَخْضَعُونَ طَوْعًا وَيَجِدُونَ طَرِيقَهُمْ سَهْلًا سَلِسًا. يَسِيرُونَ مَعَ حَرَكَةِ الكَوْنِ، مُتَوَجِّهِينَ إِلَى اللهِ، وَيَعِيشُونَ فِي وِئَامٍ مَعَ كُلِّ مَا هُوَ مَوْجُودٌ. وَهُمْ قَادِرُونَ عَلَى تَحْقِيقِ الخَوَارِقِ وَإِجْرَاءِ المُعْجِزَاتِ. لَا يُعَارِضُونَ أَيَّ قُوَّةٍ فِي الكَوْنِ، بَلْ عَلَى العَكْسِ يَسْتَمِدُّونَ مِنْ قُوَاهُ.
All universal laws apply to him, whether he likes them or not. Yet he is the only creature who does not make the same submission as the earth and the sky. He always tries to deviate from an easy and smooth path, and, thus, he collides with the laws of nature, which will inevitably overpower him. He will then submit, albeit unwillingly. Exceptions to this are God’s servants who, in their hearts, concepts, desires and actions, are not in conflict with the overall Divine law. These people submit willingly and find their way easy and smooth. They move in line with the movement of the universe, turning to God and living in harmony with all that exists. They are able to achieve wonders and produce miracles. They have no conflict with any force in the universe; on the contrary, they derive from its powers.
ما هي العقوبة على الإعراض؟
What Punishment For Turning Away?
على هذه الحال من الكون كله، أيُّ مكانةٍ يُنبغي أن تُعطى لمن يُنكرون وحدانية الله ويُشركون به؟ وكيف يُجزَون على استكبارهم الأرعن؟
Given this is the state of the entire universe, what position should be assigned to those who reject God’s oneness and attribute partners to Him? How should their reckless arrogance be requited?
فَإِنْ أَعْرَضُوا فَقُلْ أَنْذَرْتُكُمْ صَاعِقَةً مِثْلَ صَاعِقَةِ عَادٍ وَثَمُودَ إِذْ جَاءَتْهُمُ الرُّسُلُ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا اللَّهَ قَالُوا لَوْ شَاءَ رَبُّنَا لَأَنْزَلَ مَلَائِكَةً فَإِنَّا بِمَا أُرْسِلْتُمْ بِهِ كَافِرُونَ
If they turn away, say: T warn you of a thunderbolt like the thunderbolt that struck the Ad and Thamud. * There came to them, from all directions, messengers saying: ‘Worship none but God. ’ They answered: Ifour Lord had wished, He would have sent down angels.
لَنْ نُؤْمِنَ بِرِسَالَتِكَ أَبَدًا.
We will never believe in your message. 'As for the Ad, they behaved arrogantly through the land, against all right, and said: ‘Who is mightier than us?' Did they not realize that God, who created them, was mightier than them? They continued to reject Our revelations.
فَأَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحًا صَرْصَرًا فِي أَيَّامٍ نَحِسَاتٍ لِنُذِيقَهُمْ عَذَابَ الْخِزْيِ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۖ وَلَعَذَابُ الْآخِرَةِ أَخْزَىٰ ۖ وَهُمْ لَا يُنصَرُونَ. وَأَمَّا ثَمُودُ فَهَدَيْنَاهُمْ فَاسْتَحَبُّوا الْعَمَىٰ عَلَى الْهُدَىٰ فَأَخَذَتْهُمْ صَاعِقَةُ الْعَذَابِ الْهُونِ بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ. وَنَجَّيْنَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَكَانُوا يَتَّقُونَ.
Therefore, We let loose upon them a howling gale raging through several days of misfortune, so as to give them, in the life of this world, a foretaste of humiliating suffering. Yet the suffering in the life to come will be even more humiliating, and they will have none to help them. As for the Thamud, We offered them guidance, but they chose blindness in preference to guidance. Therefore, the thunderbolt ofhumiliating suffering struck them in consequence of what they had wrought. And We saved those who believed and were Godfearing. (Verses 13-18)
يُثير التحذيرُ من نوع الصواعق التي أصابت قومَ عادٍ وثمودَ الرعبَ في القلوب، وهو يناسب الجُرمَ الفظيعَ الذي يرتكبونه. وفيه جوابٌ عن استكبار المشركين المشارِ إليه في أول السورة، إذ يبيّن أنهم وحدهم في الكون الذين يرفضون الحق.
A warning against the type of thunderbolts that struck the peoples of ‘Ad and Thamud strikes fear in their hearts. It suits the terrible offence they commit. It answers the idolaters’ arrogance referred to at the beginning of the surah showing them to be the only ones in the universe who reject the truth.
التحذير وأثره
The Warning And Its Effect
هذه إذن صورة من صور أثر الإنذار كما بلّغه رسول الله ﷺ لمن لم يؤمن برسالته. وقبل أن ننتقل، نحتاج إلى أن نتأمل قليلاً في صورة النبي ﷺ وهو يستمع إلى عتبة وهو يطرح مقترحاته الحقيرة، وفي أدبه الرفيع وتركيزه على القضية العظيمة المطروحة. فعلى الرغم من أن المقترحات التي قدّمها عتبة بدت تافهة، فقد استمع النبي ﷺ إليه باهتمام، دون أن يقاطع محدّثه. ظل هادئاً ودوداً.
This is, then, one image of the effect of the warning as stated by God’s messenger to a person who did not believe in his message. Before we move on, we need to reflect a little on the image of the Prophet as he listened to 'Utbah making his petty proposals, his refined manners and his focus on the great issue in question. Although the proposals 'Utbah made sounded worthless, the Prophet listened attentively, without interrupting his interlocutor. He remained calm and friendly.
لَمَّا فَرَغَ عُتْبَةُ مِنْ كَلَامِهِ، قَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِلُطْفٍ: «أَقَدْ فَرَغْتَ يَا أَبَا الْوَلِيدِ؟» فَلَمَّا أَكَّدَ عُتْبَةُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ فَرَغَ، قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «فَاسْمَعْ مِنِّي». وَانْتَظَرَ حَتَّى قَالَ عُتْبَةُ: «أَفْعَلُ»، ثُمَّ تَلَا عَلَيْهِ كَلَامَ اللهِ. وَكَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ وَدُودًا، هَادِئًا، وَاثِقًا، مُطْمَئِنًّا. وَهَذَا دَأْبُهُ ﷺ دَائِمًا فِي اسْتِمَالَةِ الْحَاضِرِينَ وَجَذْبِ انْتِبَاهِهِمْ، حَتَّى وَإِنْ كَانُوا فِي الْبِدَايَةِ يَسْخَرُونَ مِنْهُ وَيَقِفُونَ مِنْهُ مَوْقِفًا عِدَائِيًّا. وَكَانَ ﷺ دَائِمًا عَلَى أَحْسَنِ الْأَخْلَاقِ وَأَكْمَلِهَا.
When 'Utbah stopped speaking, the Prophet then graciously asked him: “Have you, Abu al-Walid, finished what you have to say?” Then when 'Utbah confirmed that he had finished, the Prophet said: “Then listen to me.” He waited until 'Utbah said, “I will do,” before he read to him God’s own words. Throughout he was friendly, calm, confident and reassured. This is typical of how the Prophet always captured his audiences attention, even though they might at the beginning jeer him and take a hostile stand. His was always a most admirable attitude.
إِنَّهُ كَمَا قَالَ اللهُ: {اللهُ أَعْلَمُ حَيْثُ يَجْعَلُ رِسَالَتَهُ} (الأنعام: ١٢٤)
It is certainly as God says: “God knows best whom to entrust with His message.” (6: 124)
ما معنى هذا التحذير: ﴿فَإِنْ أَعْرَضُوا فَقُلْ أَنْذَرْتُكُمْ صَاعِقَةً مِثْلَ صَاعِقَةِ عَادٍ وَثَمُودَ﴾ (الآية 13)؟ إنه، في جوهره، يفتح جولة جديدة تُرينا صوراً من مصائر الأمم السابقة التي كذّبت رسالة الله. وبهذا التذكير بما حلّ بأمم مماثلة في الطيش والاستكبار، يتجلّى بصورة أوضح الغرور الأهوج لكفار الحاضر: ﴿إِذْ جَاءَتْهُمُ الرُّسُلُ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا اللَّهَ﴾ (الآية 14). وهذه هي القضية الواحدة التي عرضها جميع رسل الله؛ فهي تبيّن النقطة المحورية في كل دين إلهي.
What does this warning signify: “If they turn away, say: I warn you of a thunderbolt like the thunderbolt that struck the Ad and Thamud” (Verse 13) Essentially, it begins a fresh round showing us images of the fates met by earlier communities who rejected Gods message. The reckless arrogance of the present unbelievers is thus made all the more apparent through this reminder of what happened to similarly reckless and arrogant peoples: “ There came to them, from all directions, messengers saying: Worship none but God." (Verse 14) This is the single issue as presented by all Gods messengers; it states the central point in every Divine religion.
الشهود غير المعتادين
Unusual Witnesses
لقد أُخبروا بقدرة الله على الكون والإنسان.
They have been told of Gods power over the universe and mankind.
الآنَ تُخبِرُهُم السورةُ بقُدرتِهِ على أنفُسِهم. ليسَ لَهُم سُلطانٌ على أنفُسِهم، ولا جُزءٌ مِنهُم خارجَ نطاقِ قُدرتِه. حتّى أسماعُهُم وأبصارُهُم وجُلودُهُم تُطيعُه. وهيَ أيضًا تعصيهِم، لتكونَ شاهدةً عليهِم يومَ القيامة.
Now the surah tells them of His power over their own selves. They have no authority over themselves, and no part of them is beyond the reach of His power. Even their ears, eyes and skins obey Him. They too disobey them so as to be witnesses against them on the Day of Judgement.
وَيَوْمَ يُحْشَرُ أَعْدَاءُ اللَّهِ إِلَى النَّارِ فَهُمْ يُوزَعُونَ * حَتَّىٰ إِذَا مَا جَاءُوهَا شَهِدَ عَلَيْهِمْ سَمْعُهُمْ وَأَبْصَارُهُمْ وَجُلُودُهُم بِمَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ * وَقَالُوا لِجُلُودِهِمْ لِمَ شَهِدتُّمْ عَلَيْنَا ۖ قَالُوا أَنطَقَنَا اللَّهُ الَّذِي أَنطَقَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ وَهُوَ خَلَقَكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ وَإِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ * وَمَا كُنتُمْ تَسْتَتِرُونَ أَن يَشْهَدَ عَلَيْكُمْ سَمْعُكُمْ وَلَا أَبْصَارُكُمْ وَلَا جُلُودُكُمْ وَلَٰكِن ظَنَنتُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَعْلَمُ كَثِيرًا مِّمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ * وَذَٰلِكُمْ ظَنُّكُمُ الَّذِي ظَنَنتُم بِرَبِّكُمْ أَرْدَاكُمْ فَأَصْبَحْتُم مِّنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ * فَإِن يَصْبِرُوا فَالنَّارُ مَثْوًى لَّهُمْ ۖ وَإِن يَسْتَعْتِبُوا فَمَا هُم مِّنَ الْمُعْتَبِينَ
On the day when God's enemies will be gathered together before the fire, they will be driven onwards until, when they reach it, their ears, their eyes and their very skins will bear witness against them, speaking of what they used to do [on earth]. They will ask their skins: 'Why did you bear witness against us?' To which they will reply: 'God, who gave speech to all things, has made us speak. It is He who created you in the first instance, and to Him you now return. You did not try to hide yourselves so that your ears, eyes and skins could not be made to testify against you. Yet you thought that God did not know much of what you were doing. And it is this thought of yours which you entertained about your Lord that brought you to perdition, so that you are now among the lost.' If they resign themselves to patience, the fire will be their home; and if they pray to be allowed to make amends, they will not be allowed to do so. (Verses 19-24)
هناك مفاجأة عظيمة في هذا الموقف الشديد الصعوبة، إذ يرون حواسّهم وجوارحهم تطيع الله وتفعل ما أُمرت به، وفي هذه الحال يُوسمون بأنهم أعداء لله! فما المصير الذي ينتظر أعداء الله؟ يُحشرون جميعًا من كل الأجيال كما تُساق قطعان الغنم، ويُدفعون إلى النار. فإذا وقفوا قريبًا منها وبدأ الحساب، وجدوا أنفسهم أمام شهودٍ لم يحسبوا لهم حسابًا. فألسنتهم التي اعتادت طويلًا الكذب واختلاق الباطل والاستهزاء تُربط الآن، بينما تتمرد عليهم آذانهم وأبصارهم وجلودهم، مُطيعةً ربّها. إنها تُخبر بما كانوا يظنّونه سرًّا. لقد كانوا يختبئون، يظنّون أن الله لن يرى ما يُخفون من نياتٍ وجرائم. لكنهم لم يحاولوا أن يختبئوا من آذانهم وأبصارهم وجلودهم، وكيف يفعلون ذلك وهذه الجوارح جزء منهم؟ فها هي الآن تُعلن ما ظنّ الكافرون أنه مستور عن جميع المخلوقات، وكذلك عن الله تعالى.
السيطرة على النفوس البشرية
Control Over Human Souls
السورة تُبيّن لهم أيضًا كيف تمتدّ قدرة الله إلى قلوبهم وعقولهم، حتى وهم ما زالوا في الدنيا يرفضون الإيمان به. ولأنه سبحانه يعلم تمامًا أن قلوبهم قد فسدت، فإنه يُسلّط عليهم بعض الكيانات الشريرة، من الإنس والجنّ، فتتولّى أمرهم وتُزيّن لهم ما هو قبيح حتى يبدو حسنًا جميلًا، فيُضلّونهم حتى يلحقوا بالذين أهلكوا أنفسهم واستحقّوا العذاب:
The surah also shows them how God’s power extends over their hearts and minds, even when they are still on earth refusing to believe in Him. Since He is fully aware that their hearts have become corrupt, He lets some evil entities, from among both humans and jinn, befriend them and make what is evil seem fair and goodly. Thus, they lead them astray until they join those who ruin themselves and become liable to punishment:
وَقَيَّضْنَا لَهُمْ قُرَنَاءَ فَزَيَّنُوا لَهُم مَّا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ وَحَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقَوْلُ فِي أُمَمٍ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلِهِم مِّنَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنسِ
We have assigned to the unbelievers companions who made their past and present seem goodly to them, but the sentence has fallen due upon them together with bygone generations of} \nn and humans.
إِنَّهُمْ لَمُغْرَقُونَ
They will indeed be lost. (Verse 25)
إنهم يستكبرون عن عبادة الله وهم خاضعون لسلطانه. وتقودهم قلوبهم نفسها إلى الهلاك، وفي النهاية إلى عقاب الله. فيقيّض الله لهم قرناء سوء يُوسوسون في آذانهم، ويؤكدون لهم أن كل الشر الذي يرونه حولهم خير، ويزيّنون لهم أعمالهم السيئة حتى تبدو في أعينهم حسنة، فلا يرون مدى قبحها. ولعل أسوأ ما يصيب الإنسان أن يفقد توازن حكمه، فلا يعود يرى مدى قبح أعماله أو انحرافها. وهكذا يرى كل ما يفعله حسنًا وعادلًا. ومع ذلك فإن هذا يفضي به حتمًا إلى الهلاك. فإذا بلغ الكافرون هذه المرحلة، وجدوا أنفسهم بين القطيع الضال من الأمم السابقة التي نزل بها عقاب الله: ﴿لَقَدْ حَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقَوْلُ فِي أُمَمٍ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلِهِم مِّنَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنسِ ۖ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا خَاسِرِينَ﴾ [فصلت: ٢٥]
They are too proud to worship God when they are subject to His power. Their own hearts lead them to ruin and ultimately to Gods punishment. God allocates them wicked companions who whisper in their ears, assuring them that all the evil they see around them is good, and who present their own bad deeds to them in a fair appearance so that they do not see how foul these are. Perhaps the worst thing that can happen to man is that he loses his balanced judgement and can no longer see how foul or deviant his actions are. In this way, he perceives everything he does as good and fair. Inevitably, though, this leads him to ruin. When the unbelievers reach this stage, they find themselves among the lost herd of past communities that suffered Gods punishment: “They will indeed be lost.” (Verse 25)
ما الصورة المناسبة لداعية الإسلام
What Image For The Advocate Of Islam
يختتم هذا الجزء من السورة برسم صورة لداعية الدين الإلهي، واصفًا شخصيته وخطابه وحسن أخلاقه. وقد أُمر رسولُ الله ﷺ، وكذلك كلُّ داعيةٍ إلى سبيل الله، بأن يتخلّق بمثل هذه الأخلاق. وكانت السورة قد بدأت بوصف الموقف العدائي لمن دُعوا إلى قبول الدين، وكيف قابلوا هذه الدعوة بالاستكبار. أما الآن فيُوجَّه الدعاةُ إلى الدين الإلهي إلى المنهج الذي ينبغي أن يسلكوه، بغض النظر عن كيفية استقبال دعوتهم وما يلقونه من جهودهم.
This part of the surah concludes by painting an image of the advocate of the Divine faith, describing his personality, discourse and fine manners. God’s messenger, and indeed every advocate of God’s way, are called on to adopt such ways. The surah began by describing the hostile attitude of those called upon to accept the faith and how they met this call with arrogance. Now, the advocates of Divine faith are being told what course to follow, regardless of how their advocacy is met and how their efforts are received:
وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ قَوْلًا مِمَّنْ دَعَا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَعَمِلَ صَالِحًا وَقَالَ إِنَّنِي مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ لَا تَسْتَوِي الْحَسَنَةُ وَلَا السَّيِّئَةُ ۚ ادْفَعْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ فَإِذَا الَّذِي بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَهُ عَدَاوَةٌ كَأَنَّهُ وَلِيٌّ حَمِيمٌ
Who speaks better than he who calls people to God, does what is right, and says, 7 am one of those who have surrendered themselves to God'? Good and evil cannot be equal. Repel evil with what is better, and he who is your enemy will become as close to you as a true friend.
وَمَا يُلَقَّاهَا إِلَّا الَّذِينَ صَبَرُوا وَمَا يُلَقَّاهَا إِلَّا ذُو حَظٍّ عَظِيمٍ وَإِمَّا يَنْزَغَنَّكَ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ نَزْغٌ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ
Yet none will attain this except those who are patient in adversity; none will attain it except those endowed with truly great fortune. If a prompting from Satan should stir you up, seek refuge with God. He alone is All-Hearing, All-Knowing. (Verses 33-36)
يجب على الداعي إلى الدين الإلهي أن يضع مخاطَبيه أمام الواقع. عليه أن يواجه انحراف الناس، وجهلهم، وإعجابهم المفرط بأعمالهم، وكذلك نفورهم الفطري من أن يُقال لهم إنهم على خطأ. ويعارضه تصميم الناس على خدمة مصالحهم الخاصة والحفاظ على مواقع قد يهددها مبدأ المساواة بين جميع الناس، وهو أساس الدين الإلهي. ومواجهة كل ذلك ضمن مهمة الدعوة إلى الدين الإلهي أمرٌ شديد الصعوبة حقاً. ومع ذلك فهو أمرٌ عظيم حقاً: ﴿وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ قَوْلاً مِّمَّن دَعَا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَعَمِلَ صَالِحًا وَقَالَ إِنَّنِي مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ﴾ 7
An advocate of the Divine faith must put his addressees face to face with reality. He has to confront people’s deviation, ignorance, inflated appreciation of their own deeds, as also their instinctive abhorrence of being told that they are wrong. He is opposed by peoples determination to serve their own interests and maintain positions that might be threatened by the principle of equality of all people, which is basic to Divine faith. To face all this as part of the task of advocating Divine faith is indeed very hard. Yet it is something truly great: “Who speaks better than he who calls people to God, does what is right, and says, 7