سَبَأ (مختلف الطرق، مختلف النهايات) 22-27
Saba Sheba ( Distinct Ways, Different Ends) 22-27
قُلِ ادْعُوا الَّذِينَ زَعَمْتُم مِّن دُونِ اللَّهِ ۖ لَا يَمْلِكُونَ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَلَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَمَا لَهُمْ فِيهِمَا مِن شِرْكٍ وَمَا لَهُ مِنْهُم مِّن ظَهِيرٍ (22)
Say: ‘Call upon those whom you imagine to be partners with God. They do not have even an atom’s weight of authority either in the heavens or the earth, nor have they any share in either, nor does He have any helper from among them. (22)
لَا تَنْفَعُ الشَّفَاعَةُ عِنْدَهُ إِلَّا لِمَنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ
Before Him, intercession is of no avail, except by one to whom He may have granted permission.
حَتَّىٰ إِذَا فُزِّعَ عَن قُلُوبِهِمْ قَالُوا مَاذَا قَالَ رَبُّكُمْ ۖ قَالُوا الْحَقَّ ۖ وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْكَبِيرُ۔ (23)
When the terror is lifted from their hearts, they will ask [one another]: ‘What has your Lord ordained?’ They will answer: ‘The truth. He is the Most High, the Supreme.’(23)
قُلْ مَن يَرْزُقُكُم مِّنَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۗ قُلِ اللَّهُ ۖ وَإِنَّا أَوْ إِيَّاكُمْ لَعَلَىٰ هُدًى أَوْ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُّبِينٍ
Say: ‘Who is it that gives you sustenance out of the heavens and the earth?’ Say: ‘It is God; and either we or you are on the right path or have clearly gone astray!’(24)
قُلْ لَا تُسْأَلُونَ عَمَّا أَجْرَمْنَا وَلَا نُسْأَلُ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ (٢٥)
Say: ‘Neither shall you be called to account for whatever we have become guilty of nor shall we be called to account for whatever you are doing.’ (25)
قُلْ يَجْمَعُ بَيْنَنَا رَبُّنَا ثُمَّ يَفْتَحُ بَيْنَنَا بِالْحَقِّ وَهُوَ الْفَتَّاحُ الْعَلِيمُ (26)
Say: ‘Our Lord will bring us all together, and then He will lay open the truth between us, in justice. He alone is the One who opens all truth, the All-Knowing.’ (26)
قُلْ أَرُونِيَ الَّذِينَ أَلْحَقْتُم بِهِ شُرَكَاءَ ۖ كَلَّا ۚ بَلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ (27)
Say: ‘Show me those whom you allege to be partners with Him. Nay! He alone is God, the Almighty, the Wise.’ (27)
نظرة عامة
Overview
يتناول هذا المقطع القصير مسألة توحيد الله في مقابل إشراك الشركاء معه. لكنه يطوف بنا في أرجاء الكون، بعالَمه الظاهر وما استتر عنا منه، وبحاضره وماضيه، وسمواته وأرضه، وهذه الحياة والحياة الآخرة. وتنتفض قلوبنا رهبةً عند ذكر بعض هذه الجوانب الجليلة. ويشير المقطع أيضًا إلى رزق الإنسان وأعماله وجزائه. ويتناول كيف يُجمع الناس ثم يُفرّقون إلى فريقين متمايزين. ويأتي هذا كله بإيقاع سريع وضربات قوية متلاحقة. وقد كُرّرت لفظة «قُلْ» تأكيدًا وتقريرًا، وبعد كل ورودٍ لها يُقدَّم دليلٌ جديد، لا يُدفع، وقاطعٌ في إقناعه.
This short passage tackles the issue of God’s oneness in contrast to attributing partners to Him. Yet it takes us on a round of the universe, with both its apparent realm and that which is hidden from us, its present and past, heavens and earth, this life and the life to come. Our hearts shudder with awe at the mere mention of some of these majestic aspects. The passage also refers to man’s sustenance, actions and reward. It looks at how people are grouped together and then separated into two distinct parties. All this is delivered in a quick rhythm with strong accompanying beats. The word, say,’ is repeatedly used for added emphasis. After each such usage, a new proof is given which is both irrefutable and overpowering.
الحق سيظهر
The Truth Will Out
“قُلْ اُدْعُوا الَّذِينَ زَعَمْتُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ ۖ لَا يَمْلِكُونَ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَلَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَمَا لَهُمْ فِيهِمَا مِنْ شِرْكٍ وَمَا لَهُ مِنْهُم مِّن ظَهِيرٍ” (الآية 22). تبدأ الآية بتحدٍّ يشمل الكونَ كلَّه دون استثناء: “قُلِ ادْعُوا الَّذِينَ زَعَمْتُمْ شُرَكَاءَ لِلَّهِ”. ادعوهم ليحضروا ويقفوا أمام العالم كله. فليقولوا، أو قولوا أنتم، إن كان لهم شيءٌ في السماوات أو في الأرض، صغيرًا كان أو كبيرًا. “لَا يَمْلِكُونَ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَلَا فِي الْأَرْضِ” (الآية 22). فلا يستطيعون حتى أن يدَّعوا ملكيةَ شيءٍ في السماوات أو في الأرض. فالمالك لشيءٍ له السلطانُ الكاملُ عليه: يفعل به ما شاء، ويتصرف فيه كما يريد. فماذا يملك هؤلاء المعبودون المزعومون في هذا الكون الفسيح؟
“Say: ‘Call upon those whom you imagine to be partners with God. They do not have even an atom’s weight of authority either in the heavens or the earth, nor have they any share in either, nor does He have any helper from among them.” (Verse 22) The verse begins with a challenge that applies to the entire universe, without exception: “Say: ‘Call upon those whom you imagine to be partners with God.” Call on them to come and stand before all the world. Let them then say, or you can say yourselves, if they own anything in the heavens or on earth, large or small. “They do not have even an atom’s weight of authority either in the heavens or the earth.” (Verse 22) They cannot even claim to own anything in the heavens or the earth. An owner of something has full authority over it: he can do or dispense with it as he likes. What, then, do those alleged deities own in this vast universe?
لَا يَمْلِكُونَ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَلَا فِي الْأَرْضِ، لَا مِلْكًا خَاصًّا لَهُمْ وَلَا شِرْكَةً فِيهِمَا: ﴿وَمَا لَهُمْ فِيهِمَا مِنْ شِرْكٍ﴾ (الآية 22)
They do not own an atom’s weight either as their own private property or as something in which they have a share: “nor have they any share in either.” (Verse 22)
علاوةً على ذلك، فإن الله لا يطلب منهم العون في أي شيء، فهو غنيٌّ عن العون: ﴿وَمَا لَهُ مِنْهُم مِّن ظَهِيرٍ﴾ (الآية 22)
Moreover, God does not seek their help in anything. He is in no need of help: “nor does He have any helper from among them.” (Verse 22)
تشير الآية إلى نوع معيّن من الشركاء المزعومين لله، وهم الملائكة الذين زعم العرب أنهم بنات الله، وادّعوا أنهم يستطيعون الشفاعة لدى الله نيابةً عن الناس. ولعلّهم كانوا من أولئك الشركاء الذين قال عنهم العرب: «مَا نَعْبُدُهُمْ إِلَّا لِيُقَرِّبُونَا إِلَى اللَّهِ زُلْفَىٰ» (الزمر: 3). ولذلك تنفي السورةُ في الآية التالية أن يكون لهم أيُّ سبيلٍ إلى الشفاعة، وترسم مشهدًا يملأ القلوب خوفًا: «وَلَا تَنفَعُ الشَّفَاعَةُ عِندَهُ إِلَّا لِمَنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ» (الآية 23). فالشفاعة إذن متوقّفة على إذن الله.
The verse appears to refer to a particular type of alleged partner with God. These are the angels whom the Arabs claimed to be God’s daughters, alleging that they could intercede with God on people’s behalf. Perhaps they were among those partners about whom the Arabs said: “We worship them for no reason other than that they would bring us nearer to God.” (39: 3) Therefore, in the next verse the sūrah denies that they have any means of intercession while drawing a scene that fills hearts with fear: “Before Him, intercession is of no avail, except by one to whom He may have granted permission.” (Verse 23) Intercession, then, is dependent on God’s permission.
إما هذا أو ذاك
Either One Or The Other
كانت تلك هي الملاحظة الأولى لهذا المشهد الرائع المهيب. وتتعلق الملاحظة الثانية بالأرزاق التي يرزقهم الله بها. فمع أنهم لا يعلمون المصدر الذي يمنحهم أرزاقهم، فإن وجودها عندهم يدل على وحدانيته، وأنه لا أحد غيره يملك التحكم فيما يشاء أن يعطي أو يمنع. ﴿قُلْ مَن يَرْزُقُكُم مِّنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ قُلِ اللَّهُ وَإِنَّا أَوْ إِيَّاكُمْ لَعَلَىٰ هُدًى أَوْ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُّبِينٍ﴾ (الآية 24). والرزق أمر يعرفه الناس لأنهم يشهدونه في حياتهم. فهو ينزل من السماء في صورة المطر والحرارة والضوء، وهي أمور كان يعرفها المخاطبون أولاً بالقرآن، ويأتي أيضاً في صور وأشكال أخرى يكتشفها الإنسان في وقت أو آخر. ومن الأرض يأتي رزق آخر في صورة النبات والحيوان والماء والزيوت والمعادن والكنوز. وكان كثير من ذلك معروفاً لأهل الزمن الغابر، ويُكتشف الكثير منه مع مرور الزمن.
That was the first note of this splendid and awe-inspiring scene. The second note refers to the provisions granted to them. Although they are oblivious to the source that gives them their provisions, the fact that they have them proves His oneness and that no one else has any control over what He decides to give or deny. “Say: ‘Who is it that gives you sustenance out of the heavens and the earth?’ Say: it is God; and either we or you are on the right path or have clearly gone astray!’“ (Verse 24) Providing sustenance is something people know about as it happens in their lives. It comes from heaven in the form of rain, heat and light, which were known to the people addressed first by the Qur’ān, but also in other forms and shapes which man discovers at one time or another. Other sustenance comes from the earth in the form of plants, animals, water, oils, metals and treasure. Much of these were known to the people of olden days and much is discovered as time passes on.
"من يرزقكم من السماء والأرض؟" لا يُنتظر الجواب. بل إن النبي ﷺ يُؤمر أن يقول: "الله". ولا يمكنهم أن يجادلوا في ذلك أو أن يدّعوا خلافه. ويُؤمر النبي ﷺ كذلك أن يترك الأمر كله لله فيما يتعلق بمصير الفريقين. فأحدهما لا محالة على الحق والآخر على الباطل، وأحدهما مهتدٍ والآخر في ضلال.
The question is: “Who is it that gives you sustenance out of the heavens and the earth?” The answer is not awaited. In fact, the Prophet is told to say: “It is God.” They cannot argue about this or make any contrary claim. What the Prophet is also instructed to do is to leave matters entirely to God concerning the fates of both parties. One party is inevitably right and the other wrong; one is guided aright and the other is in error.
لا يجتمعان كذلك على طريق الهدى ولا على طريق الضلال
The two cannot be together either on the track of proper guidance or of going astray:
﴿وَإِنَّا أَوْ إِيَّاكُمْ لَعَلَىٰ هُدًى أَوْ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُّبِينٍ﴾
“Either we or you are on the right path or have clearly gone astray!” (Verse 24)