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Al-An`ām ( Guidance For All Nations ) 74 - 94
قال إبراهيم لأبيه آزر:
Thus Abraham said to his father Azar:
{أَتَتَّخِذُ أَصْنَامًا آلِهَةً ۖ إِنِّي أَرَاكَ وَقَوْمَكَ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُّبِينٍ} (74)
“Do you take idols for gods? I see that you and your people have obviously gone astray.” (74)
وَكَذَٰلِكَ نُرِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ مَلَكُوتَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَلِيَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُوقِنِينَ ﴿٧٥﴾
Thus did we give Abraham an insight into [God’s] mighty dominion over the heavens and the earth; so that he may become a firm believer. (75)
فَلَمَّا جَنَّ عَلَيْهِ اللَّيْلُ رَأَى كَوْكَبًا قَالَ هَٰذَا رَبِّي ۖ فَلَمَّا أَفَلَ قَالَ لَا أُحِبُّ الْآفِلِينَ
When the night drew its shadow over him, he saw a star; and he exclaimed: “This is my Lord!” But when it set, he said: “I do not love things that set.” (76)
فَلَمَّا رَأَى الْقَمَرَ بَازِغًا قَالَ هَٰذَا رَبِّي ۖ فَلَمَّا أَفَلَ قَالَ لَئِن لَّمْ يَهْدِنِي رَبِّي لَأَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ الضَّالِّينَ ﴿٧٧﴾
Then when he beheld the rising moon, he said: “This is my Lord!” But when it set, he said: “If my Lord does not guide me, I will most certainly be one of those who go astray.” (77)
فَلَمَّا رَأَى الشَّمْسَ بَازِغَةً قَالَ هَٰذَا رَبِّي هَٰذَا أَكْبَرُ ۖ فَلَمَّا أَفَلَتْ قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ إِنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِّمَّا تُشْرِكُونَ
Then when he beheld the sun rising, he said: “This is my Lord! This is the greatest of all!” But when it also set, he said: “My people, I disown all that you associate with God.” (78)
إِنِّي وَجَّهْتُ وَجْهِيَ لِلَّذِي فَطَرَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ حَنِيفًا وَمَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ {79}
“I have turned my face with pure and complete devotion to Him who brought the heavens and the earth into being. I am not one of those who associate partners with God.” (79)
قَالَ قَوْمُهُ أَتُحَاجُّونِّي فِي اللَّهِ وَقَدْ هَدَانِ ۚ وَلَا أَخَافُ مَا تُشْرِكُونَ بِهِ إِلَّا أَن يَشَاءَ رَبِّي شَيْئًا ۗ وَسِعَ رَبِّي كُلَّ شَيْءٍ عِلْمًا ۗ أَفَلَا تَتَذَكَّرُونَ
His people argued with him. He said: “Do you argue with me about God, when it is He who has given me guidance? I do not fear those beings you associate with Him, [for no evil can befall me] unless my Lord so wills. My Lord embraces all things within His knowledge; will you not, then, reflect?” (80)
وَكَيْفَ أَخَافُ مَا أَشْرَكْتُمْ وَلَا تَخَافُونَ أَنَّكُمْ أَشْرَكْتُم بِاللَّهِ مَا لَمْ يُنَزِّلْ بِهِ عَلَيْكُمْ سُلْطَانًا ۚ فَأَيُّ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ أَحَقُّ بِالْأَمْنِ ۖ إِن كُنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ
“And why should I fear anything you worship side by side with Him, when you are not afraid of associating with God partners without His ever giving you any warrant? Which of the two parties has a better right to feel secure, if you happen to know?” (81)
الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَلَمْ يَلْبِسُوا إِيمَانَهُمْ بِظُلْمٍ أُولَٰئِكَ لَهُمُ الْأَمْنُ وَهُم مُّهْتَدُونَ (82)
“Those who believe and do not taint their faith with wrongdoing are the ones who will feel secure, as they follow the right path.” (82)
وَتِلْكَ حُجَّتُنَا آتَيْنَاهَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَىٰ قَوْمِهِ ۚ نَرْفَعُ دَرَجَاتٍ مَّن نَّشَاءُ ۗ
This was Our argument with which We furnished Abraham against his people. We raise whom We will, degree after degree.
إِنَّ رَبَّكَ حَكِيمٌ عَلِيمٌ۔ (83)
Your Lord is Wise, All- Knowing. (83)
وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ إِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ ۚ كُلًّا هَدَيْنَا ۚ وَنُوحًا هَدَيْنَا مِن قَبْلُ ۖ وَمِن ذُرِّيَّتِهِ دَاوُودَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ وَأَيُّوبَ وَيُوسُفَ وَمُوسَىٰ وَهَارُونَ ۚ وَكَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ (84)
We bestowed on him Isaac and Jacob, and We guided each of them as We had guided Noah before them. Among his offspring were [the Prophets] David, Solomon, Job, Joseph, Moses and Aaron. Thus do We reward those who do good. (84)
وَزَكَرِيَّا وَيَحْيَى وَعِيسَى وَإِلْيَاسَ، كُلٌّ مِّنَ الصَّالِحِينَ۔ (85)
And Zachariah, John, Jesus and Elijah; who were all righteous. (85)
وإسماعيل، واليسع، ويونس، ولوط
And Ishmael, Elisha, Jonah and Lot.
وَكُلًّا فَضَّلْنَا عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ
Every one of them did We favour above all people. (86)
{وَمِنْ آبَائِهِمْ وَذُرِّيَّاتِهِمْ وَإِخْوَانِهِمْ ۚ وَاجْتَبَيْنَاهُمْ وَهَدَيْنَاهُمْ إِلَىٰ صِرَاطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ} (87)
And [We exalted likewise] some of their forefathers, their offspring and their brethren. We chose them and guided them to a straight path. (87)
ذَٰلِكَ هُدَى اللَّهِ يَهْدِي بِهِ مَن يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ ۚ وَلَوْ أَشْرَكُوا لَحَبِطَ عَنْهُم مَّا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ (٨٨)
Such is God’s guidance; He bestows it on whomever He wills of His servants. Had they associated partners with Him, in vain would certainly have been all that they ever did. (88)
فَقَدْ آتَيْنَا بِهَا قَوْمًا لَيْسُوا بِهَا بِكَافِرِينَ، وَأَوْكَلْنَا بِهَا قَوْمًا لَيْسُوا بِهَا بِكَافِرِينَ
On these did We bestow revelation, wisdom and prophet- hood. If this generation were to deny this truth, We have certainly entrusted it to others who will never deny it.
(89)
(89)
أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ هَدَى اللَّهُ
Those are the ones whom God has guided.
فَاتَّبِعُوهُمْ وَقُولُوا:
Follow, then, their guidance, [and] say:
{لَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرًا إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا ذِكْرٌ لِّلْعَالَمِينَ} (٩٠)
“No reward do I ask of you for this. It is but an admonition to all mankind.” (90)
وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدْرِهِ إِذْ قَالُوا: مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ بَشَرٍ مِنْ شَيْءٍ. قُلْ: مَنْ أَنْزَلَ الْكِتَابَ الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ مُوسَىٰ نُورًا وَهُدًى لِلنَّاسِ؟ تَجْعَلُونَهُ قَرَاطِيسَ تُبْدُونَهَا وَتُخْفُونَ كَثِيرًا.
No true understanding of God have they when they say: “God has never revealed anything to any human being.” Say: Who, then, revealed the Book which Moses brought to people as a light and a guidance? You transcribe it on sheets to show around, while you suppress much.
علِّمتَ بها ما لم تكن تعلمه أنتَ ولا آباؤك.
You have been taught [by it] what neither you nor your forefathers had ever known.
{قُلِ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ ذَرْهُمْ فِي خَوْضِهِمْ يَلْعَبُونَ} (91)
Say: God, and leave them to their play and foolish chatter. (91)
هَٰذَا كِتَابٌ أَنزَلْنَاهُ مُبَارَكٌ مُّصَدِّقُ الَّذِي بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَلِتُنذِرَ أُمَّ الْقُرَىٰ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهَا ۚ وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ ۖ وَهُمْ عَلَىٰ صَلَاتِهِمْ يُحَافِظُونَ (92)
This is a blessed book which We have revealed, confirming what came before it, that you may warn the Mother City and all who dwell around it. Those who believe in the life to come do believe in it, and they are ever- mindful of their prayers. (92)
وَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنِ افْتَرَىٰ عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا أَوْ قَالَ
Who could be more wicked than one who invents a falsehood about God, or says:
أَوْ يَقُولَ أُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ وَلَمْ يُوحَ إِلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ وَمَنْ قَالَ سَأُنزِلُ مِثْلَ مَا أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ۗ وَلَوْ تَرَىٰ إِذِ الظَّالِمُونَ فِي غَمَرَاتِ الْمَوْتِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ بَاسِطُو أَيْدِيهِمْ أَخْرِجُوا أَنفُسَكُمُ ۖ الْيَوْمَ تُجْزَوْنَ عَذَابَ الْهُونِ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ غَيْرَ الْحَقِّ وَكُنتُمْ عَنْ آيَاتِهِ تَسْتَكْبِرُونَ ﴿٩٣﴾
“This has been revealed to me,” when nothing has been revealed to him? Or one who says, “I can reveal the like of what God has revealed”? If you could but see the wrongdoers when they are in the throes of death and the angels stretch out their hands [and say]: “Give up your souls!” Today you shall be rewarded with a humiliating punishment for having attributed to God something that is untrue and, in your arrogance, scorned His revelations. (93)
وَلَقَدْ جِئْتُمُونَا فُرَادَىٰ كَمَا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ وَتَرَكْتُم مَّا خَوَّلْنَاكُمْ وَرَاءَ ظُهُورِكُمْ ۖ وَمَا نَرَىٰ مَعَكُمْ شُفَعَاءَكُمُ الَّذِينَ زَعَمْتُمْ أَنَّهُمْ فِيكُمْ شُرَكَاءُ ۚ لَقَد تَّقَطَّعَ بَيْنَكُمْ وَضَلَّ عَنكُم مَّا كُنتُمْ تَزْعُمُونَ (94)
And now, indeed, you have come to Us individually, just as We created you in the first instance; and you have left behind all that We conferred on you. Nor do We see with you those intercessors of yours whom you had claimed to be partners in your affairs. Broken are the ties which bound you, and that which you have been asserting has failed you. (94)
نظرةٌ عامة
Overview
هنا يبدأ مقطعٌ طويل جدًا يمتد عبر إحدى وعشرين آيةً، لكنه يشكّل وحدةً واحدةً، يتناول موضوعًا واحدًا، وهو في الحقيقة الموضوع الرئيس الذي يجري في السورة كلها. وكما سبق بيانه، فإن السورة تُرسّي هذا الموضوع على أساسٍ متين، وتقوّيه ببيانٍ شامل لطبيعة الألوهية، وللعبودية لله، وللصلة بينهما.
Here begins a very long passage which stretches across twenty-one verses but which constitutes a single unit, tackling one subject, which is indeed the main theme running throughout the whole sūrah. As has already been explained, the sūrah establishes this theme on a solid foundation, strengthened by a comprehensive explanation of the nature of Godhead, servitude to God and the links between them.
لیکن یہاں اختیار کیا گیا طریقہ اس سے مختلف ہے جو ہم نے سورت میں پہلے دیکھا تھا۔ یہاں ہمیں ایک واقعہ ملتا ہے جس کے بعد تبصرے آتے ہیں، اور ساتھ ہی کئی پُراثر عناصر بھی ہیں۔ یہاں استعمال ہونے والا ایک عنصر خاص طور پر قابلِ ذکر ہے، وہ ہمارے قریب آتی ہوئی موت کا ایک تفصیلی منظر ہے۔
The approach adopted here, however, is different from the one we encountered earlier in the sūrah. Here, we find a story followed by comments, coupled with a number of inspiring elements. One element used here that deserves particular mention is an elaborate scene depicting our approaching deaths.
يقدّم هذا المقطع الطويل صورةً حيّةً لمسيرة المؤمنين الطويلة، تبدأ بالنبي نوح وتمتدّ عبر القرون حتى زمن النبي محمدٍ ﷺ، عليهم جميعًا الصلاة والسلام. وقبل أن تُعرض هذه المسيرة، تُبيَّن حقيقةُ الألوهية كما أدركتها بفطرتها عبدٌ صالحٌ من عباد الله، هو النبي إبراهيم عليه السلام. ونرى هنا مشهدًا رائعًا للفطرة الإنسانية السليمة وهي تبحث عن الرب الحقّ، تستشعر حضورَه، مع أنها تصطدم في ظاهر الأمر بالتحريفات والتصوّرات الخاطئة. فتواصل بحثها حتى تستطيع أن تصوغ تصوّرًا صحيحًا قويمًا يطابق الصورةَ الحقيقية التي تحملها في أعماقها عن ربّها الحقّ. ومن داخلها تجد دليلًا قويًا على هذا التصوّر، أقوى أساسًا مما هو ظاهرٌ على السطح. ويتجلّى ذلك في الحجّة التي ساقها إبراهيم عليه السلام لدحض نظريات قومه، بعدما اطمأنّ إلى أن تصوّره الجديد هو الحقّ.
This long passage provides a vivid picture of the long procession of the faithful, beginning with the Prophet Noah and travelling down the ages until the time of the Prophet Muĥammad (peace be upon them both). Before this procession is shown, the nature of Godhead is outlined as instinctively perceived by a saintly servant of God, the Prophet Abraham (peace be upon him). We have a splendid scene of unperverted human nature seeking the true Lord, whose presence it clearly senses, although at the surface it comes face to face with distortions and misconceptions. It continues its search until it can formulate a proper and correct concept that corresponds to the true image it has deep down of its true Lord. From within it, it has strong proof of that concept which is more firmly founded than what is superficially apparent. This is outlined in the argument Abraham advances to refute his people’s theories, after he has been reassured that his new concept is the true one.
الإنكار الفطري للشرك
An Instinctive Rejection Of Idolatry
وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ لِأَبِيهِ آزَرَ: ﴿أَتَتَّخِذُ أَصْنَامًا آلِهَةً ۖ إِنِّي أَرَاكَ وَقَوْمَكَ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُّبِينٍ﴾. وَكَذَٰلِكَ نُرِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ مَلَكُوتَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَلِيَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُوقِنِينَ. فَلَمَّا جَنَّ عَلَيْهِ اللَّيْلُ رَأَى كَوْكَبًا، فَقَالَ:
Thus Abraham said to his father Azar: “Do you take idols for gods? I see that you and your people have obviously gone astray.” Thus did we give Abraham an insight into [God’s] mighty dominion over the heavens and the earth; so that he may become a firm believer. When the night drew its shadow over him, he saw a star; and he exclaimed:
فَلَمَّا جَنَّ عَلَيْهِ اللَّيْلُ رَأَىٰ كَوْكَبًا ۖ قَالَ هَٰذَا رَبِّي ۖ فَلَمَّا أَفَلَ قَالَ لَا أُحِبُّ الْآفِلِينَ ۖ فَلَمَّا رَأَى الْقَمَرَ بَازِغًا قَالَ هَٰذَا رَبِّي ۖ فَلَمَّا أَفَلَ قَالَ
“This is my Lord!” But when it set, he said: “I do not love things that set.” Then when he beheld the rising moon, he said: “This is my Lord!” But when it set, he said:
﴿وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ لِأَبِيهِ آزَرَ أَتَتَّخِذُ أَصْنَامًا آلِهَةً﴾ — no, that was not the text given. Here is the translation of the text you provided: ﴿لَئِنْ لَمْ يَهْدِنِي رَبِّي لَأَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ الضَّالِّينَ﴾ ﴿فَلَمَّا رَأَى الشَّمْسَ بَازِغَةً قَالَ هَٰذَا رَبِّي هَٰذَا أَكْبَرُ فَلَمَّا أَفَلَتْ قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ إِنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِمَّا تُشْرِكُونَ﴾ ﴿إِنِّي وَجَّهْتُ وَجْهِيَ لِلَّذِي فَطَرَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ حَنِيفًا وَمَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ﴾ Note: the first sentence is translated as Qur'anic verses, so I have not added the ﷺ mark here.
‘If my Lord does not guide me, I will most certainly be one of those who go astray.” Then when he beheld the sun rising, he said: “This is my Lord! This is the greatest of all!” But when it also set, he said: “My people, I disown all that you associate with God. I have turned my face with pure and complete devotion to Him who brought the heavens and the earth into being. I am not one of those who associate partners with God.” (Verses 74-9)
هذا مشهدٌ رائع تُصوّر به السورةُ الفطرةَ الإنسانيةَ السليمة وهي ترفض في البداية جميعَ المفاهيم الجاهلية للوثنية. فالوثنيةُ في نظر الفطرة غير المحرَّفة ليست سوى خرافةٍ لا أساسَ لها ولا يمكن قبولها بحالٍ من الأحوال. وحين ترفضها الفطرةُ دون تردد، تبدأ في البحث عن ربها الحقيقي بنشاطٍ وحيوية.
This is a splendid scene which the sūrah uses to portray healthy human nature initially rejecting all ignorant concepts of idolatry. To undistorted nature, idolatry is no more than an unfounded and totally unacceptable superstition. Rejecting it without hesitation, human nature begins to seek its true Lord with vigorous activity.
طريقة الفطرة إلى الحق
Nature’s Way To The Truth
لَمَّا أَظْهَرَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ أَنَّهُ لَا يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُفْسِدَ فِطْرَتَهُ أَوْ يُعَمِّيَ بَصِيرَتَهُ، وَأَنَّهُ عَازِمٌ عَلَى رَفْضِ الْبَاطِلِ وَاتِّبَاعِ الْحَقِّ، أَرَاهُ اللهُ بَعْضَ مَظَاهِرِ مَلَكُوتِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ.
When Abraham demonstrated that he was not prepared to pervert his nature or becloud his vision, and that he was determined to reject falsehood and follow the truth, God showed him some aspects of the kingdom of the heavens and the earth.
أَطْلَعَهُ عَلَى بَعْضِ أَسْرَارِ الْكَوْنِ، لِيَتَأَمَّلَ بَعْضَ الْآيَاتِ الْعَظِيمَةِ عَلَى الْحَقِّ الَّذِي يَزْخَرُ بِهِ الْعَالَمُ مِنْ حَوْلِنَا. وَبِذَلِكَ يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَصِلَ عَلَى نَحْوٍ صَحِيحٍ بَيْنَ فِطْرَتِهِ النَّقِيَّةِ وَمَا يُرْشِدُ إِلَى الدِّينِ الصَّحِيحِ وَالْهُدَى، فَيَنْتَقِلَ عِنْدَئِذٍ مِنْ مَرْحَلَةِ رَفْضِ الْبَاطِلِ إِلَى مَرْحَلَةِ الِاعْتِرَافِ الْوَاعِي بِاللهِ، الرَّبِّ الْحَقِّ.
He let him into some of the secrets of the universe, so that he could reflect on some of the great signs of the truth with which the world around us abounds. Thus, he would be able to make the correct linkage between his pure nature and the pointers to the right faith and guidance. This would then enable him to move from the stage of rejecting falsehood to the stage of conscious recognition of God, the true Lord.
هذا هو المسلک الصحیح الذی ینبغی أن تسیر علیه الطبیعۃ البشریۃ۔ وینبغی أن تُظهر وعیًا لا تؤثر فیه الأفکار الباطلۃ، وعقلًا منفتحًا یدرس آیات قدرۃ اللہ المعجزۃ۔ ولا شک أن مثل هذا التأمل یُفید من دروس ما خلقه اللہ فی الکون، ویَنال بسببه الهدایۃ الصحیحۃ من اللہ۔
This is indeed the proper line to be followed by human nature. It should demonstrate a consciousness unaffected by false ideas and an open mind which studies the miraculous working of God’s power. Such contemplation is certain to benefit by the lessons of what God has created in the universe and receive proper guidance from God as a result.
لنتابع هذه الرحلة المثيرة للاهتمام مع الفطرة النقية لإبراهيم عليه السلام. فمع أنها تبدو سهلة ومريحة، إلا أنها بلا شك رحلة شاقة ومتطلبة، تبدأ من نقطة الإيمان الفطري الغريزي وتنتهي بقبول واعٍ للإيمان. وهو الإيمان الذي يُنشئ العمل، ويحدد مهمةً يجب إنجازها وشريعةً يجب تطبيقها. إن الله لا يترك بني آدم ولا يطالبهم بأن يبلغوا هذه الدرجة من الإيمان بعقولهم وحدها، بل يبيّنها لهم بوضوح في الرسالات التي يُرسل بها رسله. وهكذا يجعل الرسالةَ، لا الفطرةَ البشرية ولا العقلَ، أساسَ تكليفهم ومناطَ مصيرهم. وفي ذلك يتعاضد علمُه التام بطبيعة الإنسان مع عدله ورحمته.
Let us follow this very interesting journey with Abraham’s pure nature. Easy and comfortable as it may appear, it is certainly a tough and demanding journey starting from the point of instinctive belief and ending with a conscious acceptance of faith. It is the sort of faith that initiates action, defining a task to fulfil and a law to implement. God does not abandon human beings or require them to achieve that degree of faith using their reason alone. He shows it to them, clearly outlined in the messages with which He sends His messengers. Thus, He makes the message, not human nature or intellect, the basis of their accountability and the determinant of their destiny. In this, His perfect knowledge of human nature works in conjunction with His justice and His grace.
لِلأَمْنِ دَعْوَى أَقْوَى
A Stronger Claim To Security
مرة أخرى نرى بأعيننا المشهد الرائع للإيمان حين يتجلى بوضوح، راسخ الجذور، ومُشرقًا على كيان الإنسان كله. فيطمئن الإنسان بذلك، ويستقر في نفسه وفي الكون من حوله. وتبلغ الروعة الكاملة لهذا المشهد ذروتها في الآيات التي تليها.
Once again we see with our eyes the splendid scene of faith when it is clearly manifest, with established roots and shining over man’s whole being. Man is thus reassured, at ease with himself and with the universe around him. The full splendour of this scene comes to its climax in the verses that follow.
نشهد حالة النبي إبراهيم عليه السلام وهو يدرك بكل وعيه حقيقة ربه. يتمتع بطمأنينة تامة لشعوره بأن الله قد أخذ بيده ليهديه إلى الصراط المستقيم. يأتيه قومه بحججهم حول إعلانه توحيد الله، ويحذرونه مما قد تُلحقه بهم أصنامهم ومعبوداتهم من أذى: ﴿وَحَاجَّهُ قَوْمُهُ ۚ قَالَ أَتُحَاجُّونِّي فِي اللَّهِ وَقَدْ هَدَانِ ۖ وَلَا أَخَافُ مَا تُشْرِكُونَ بِهِ إِلَّا أَن يَشَاءَ رَبِّي شَيْئًا ۗ وَسِعَ رَبِّي كُلَّ شَيْءٍ عِلْمًا ۗ أَفَلَا تَتَذَكَّرُونَ * وَكَيْفَ أَخَافُ مَا أَشْرَكْتُمْ وَلَا تَخَافُونَ أَنَّكُمْ أَشْرَكْتُم بِاللَّهِ مَا لَمْ يُنَزِّلْ بِهِ عَلَيْكُمْ سُلْطَانًا ۚ فَأَيُّ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ أَحَقُّ بِالْأَمْنِ ۖ إِن كُنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ﴾ (الأنعام: 80-81)
We witness the case of the Prophet Abraham as he realizes with all his consciousness the truth of his Lord. He has complete peace of mind as he feels that God has taken him by the hand to guide him to the straight path. His people come to him with their arguments about his declared belief in God’s oneness and to warn him against what their idols and deities might inflict on him: “His people argued with him. He said: Do you argue with me about God, when it is He who has given me guidance? I do not fear those beings you associate with Him, [for no evil can befall me] unless my Lord so wills. My Lord embraces all things within His knowledge; will you not, then, reflect? And why should I fear anything you worship side by side with Him, when you are not afraid of associating with God partners without His ever giving you any warrant? Which of the two parties has a better right to feel secure, if you happen to know?” (Verses 80-1)
عندما تنحرف الفطرة البشرية عن الطريق المستقيم، فإنها تضل، ثم تُقاد تلقائيًا إلى مزيد من الضلال. ويتسع الزاوية بين خطها والطريق المستقيم شيئًا فشيئًا، فيصبح أي رجوع أشدّ صعوبة بكثير. كان قوم إبراهيم يعبدون الأصنام والكواكب والنجوم، ولم يدركوا الفاصل العظيم الذي يفصلهم عن إبراهيم بعد أن أعانه الله وهداه إلى الرشد. ومع الوهن الواضح في تصوراتهم ومعتقداتهم، جاءوه يجادلونه بحججهم.
When human nature departs from the right path, it goes astray, and then it is automatically led further astray. The angle between its line and the right path becomes wider and wider, to make any return far more difficult. Abraham’s people used to worship idols, planets and stars. They could not appreciate the great divide that separated them from Abraham after he had been helped by God and guided aright. In spite of the clear flimsiness of their concepts and beliefs, they came to him with their arguments.
25 الطبری، جامع البیان، دار الفکر، بیروت، 1984م، الجزء 7، ص 255۔
25 Al-Ţabarī, Jāmi ` al-Bayān, Dar al-Fikr, Beirut, 1984, Vol. 7, p. 255.
26 المرجع نفسه، الجزء 7، ص 257.
26 Ibid., Vol. 7, p. 257.
27 المرجع نفسه، المجلد 7، ص 256.
27 Ibid., Vol. 7, p. 256.
حَمَلَةُ الْهِدَايَةِ الْإِلَهِيَّةِ
The Bearers Of Divine Guidance
تُواصِل السورةُ عرضَ صورةٍ من موكبِ المؤمنين، يتقدمه الرسلُ الكرام، من زمنِ نوحٍ وإبراهيمَ إلى آخرِ الأنبياءِ والرسلِ، محمدٍ ﷺ (عليهم جميعًا الصلاةُ والسلام). ويُبيَّنُ أن هذا الموكبَ متصلٌ لا ينقطع، ولا سيما منذ زمنِ إبراهيمَ والأنبياءِ من ذريته. ولا تُذكرُ أولئك الأنبياءُ هنا وفقَ الترتيبِ الزمني، كما هو الحالُ في مواضعَ أخرى من القرآنِ الكريم، لأن الأهمَّ هنا هو اتصالُ الموكبِ واستمراريتُه، لا ترتيبُه التاريخي.
The sūrah goes on to provide us with a glimpse of the procession of the faithful, led by the noble messengers, from the time of Noah and Abraham to the last of all prophets and messengers, Muĥammad (peace be upon them all). This procession is shown to be continuous, uninterrupted, particularly since the time of Abraham and the prophets among his offspring. Those prophets are not given here in chronological order, which is the case elsewhere in the Qur’ān, because it is the fact that the procession has been a continuous one that is given importance here, not its historical order.
وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ إِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ ۚ كُلًّا هَدَيْنَا ۚ وَنُوحًا هَدَيْنَا مِنْ قَبْلُ ۖ وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ دَاوُودَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ وَأَيُّوبَ وَيُوسُفَ وَمُوسَىٰ وَهَارُونَ ۚ وَكَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ وَزَكَرِيَّا وَيَحْيَىٰ وَعِيسَىٰ وَإِلْيَاسَ ۖ كُلٌّ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَالْيَسَعَ وَيُونُسَ وَلُوطًا
We bestowed on him Isaac and Jacob, and We guided each of them as We had guided Noah before them. Among his offspring were [the Prophets] David, Solomon, Job, Joseph, Moses and Aaron. Thus do We reward those who do good. And Zachariah, John, Jesus and Elijah; who were all righteous. And Ishmael, Elisha, Jonah and Lot.
وَكُلًّا فَضَّلْنَا عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ وَمِنْ آبَائِهِمْ وَذُرِّيَّاتِهِمْ وَإِخْوَانِهِمْ ۚ وَاجْتَبَيْنَاهُمْ وَهَدَيْنَاهُمْ إِلَىٰ صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ ذَٰلِكَ هُدَى اللَّهِ يَهْدِي بِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ ۚ وَلَوْ أَشْرَكُوا لَحَبِطَ عَنْهُم مَّا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ آتَيْنَاهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحُكْمَ وَالنُّبُوَّةَ ۚ فَإِنْ يَكْفُرْ بِهَا هَٰؤُلَاءِ فَقَدْ وَكَّلْنَا بِهَا قَوْمًا لَّيْسُوا بِهَا بِكَافِرِينَ أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ هَدَى اللَّهُ ۖ فَبِهُدَاهُمُ اقْتَدِهْ ۗ قُل لَّا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرًا ۖ إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا ذِكْرَىٰ لِلْعَالَمِينَ
Every one of them did We favour above all people. And [We exalted likewise] some of their forefathers, their offspring and their brethren. We chose them and guided them to a straight path. Such is God’s guidance; He bestows it on whomever He wills of His servants. Had they associated partners with Him, in vain would certainly have been all that they ever did. On these did We bestow revelation, wisdom and prophethood. If this generation were to deny this truth, We have certainly entrusted it to others who will never deny it; those are the ones whom God has guided. Follow, then, their guidance, (and] say: ‘No reward do I ask of you for this. It is but an admonition to all mankind.’“ (Verses 84-90)
الاعتراف بعظمة الله
Acknowledgement Of God’s Glory
تُواصِلُ السورةُ الحديثَ عن رسلِ اللهِ ورسالاتِهم، وتُنكِرُ على الذين يكذِّبون الرسالاتِ الإلهيةَ، وتصفُهم بأنهم لا يملكون فهمًا حقيقيًّا عن اللهِ وحكمتِهِ ورحمتِهِ وعدلِه. وتُبيِّنُ أنَّ الرسالةَ الأخيرةَ تسيرُ على النهجِ نفسِه الذي سارت عليه الرسالاتُ السابقة، وأنَّ القرآنَ، وهو آخرُ الكتبِ التي أنزلها اللهُ، يُصدِّقُ الكتبَ التي سبقته. وكلُّ ذلك يتَّسقُ اتساقًا جميلًا مع موكبِ المؤمنين، الذي يتقدَّمُه الأنبياءُ الكرامُ، وهو موضوعُ الآياتِ السابقة.
The sūrah continues with the theme of God’s messengers and their messages, and denounces those who deny the divine messages, describing them as having no true understanding of God, His wisdom, grace and justice. It states that the final message follows the same pattern of earlier messages, and that the Qur’ān, the last of the Books revealed by God, endorses earlier scriptures. All this fits beautifully with the procession of the faithful, led by the noble prophets, which was the subject matter of the preceding verses.
وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدْرِهِ إِذْ قَالُوا مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ بَشَرٍ مِّن شَيْءٍ ۗ قُلْ مَنْ أَنْزَلَ الْكِتَابَ الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ مُوسَىٰ نُورًا وَهُدًى لِّلنَّاسِ تَجْعَلُونَهُ قَرَاطِيسَ تُبْدُونَهَا وَتُخْفُونَ كَثِيرًا ۚ وَعُلِّمْتُم مَّا لَمْ تَعْلَمُوا أَنتُمْ وَلَا آبَاؤُكُمْ ۗ قُلِ اللَّهُ ۖ ثُمَّ ذَرْهُمْ فِي خَوْضِهِمْ يَلْعَبُونَ۔ وَهَٰذَا كِتَابٌ أَنزَلْنَاهُ مُبَارَكٌ مُّصَدِّقُ الَّذِي بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَلِتُنذِرَ أُمَّ الْقُرَىٰ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهَا ۚ وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ ۖ وَهُمْ عَلَىٰ صَلَاتِهِمْ يُحَافِظُونَ
“No true understanding of God have they when they say: ‘God has never revealed anything to any human being.’ Say: Who, then, revealed the Book which Moses brought to people as a light and a guidance? You transcribe it on sheets to show around, while you suppress much. You have been taught [by it] what neither you nor your forefathers had ever known. Say: God, and leave them to their play and foolish chatter. This is a blessed book which We have revealed, confirming what came before it, that you may warn the Mother City and all who dwell around it. Those who believe in the life to come do believe in it, and they are ever- mindful of their prayers.” (Verses 91-2)
كان الكفار يجادلون بعناد أن الله لم يرسل رسولاً من البشر، ولم يوحِ إلى إنسان أي شيء قط. وكانوا يصرّون على ذلك مع أن طوائف من اليهود كانت تعيش إلى جانبهم في شبه الجزيرة العربية. ولم ينكر المشركون العرب أن لليهود كتاباً منزلاً، أو أن التوراة أُنزلت على موسى عليه السلام. وكان أولئك العرب يقدّمون هذه الحجة وسط رفضهم العنيد لقبول الرسالة التي جاء بها النبي محمد ﷺ. ومن أجل ذلك، ينعى القرآن عليهم هذه الدعاوى، ويذكّرهم بكتب موسى عليه السلام.
The unbelievers used to stubbornly argue that God had never sent a human messenger, nor had he ever revealed anything to a human being. They maintained this in spite of the fact that there lived alongside them in the Arabian Peninsula a number of Jewish communities. The Arab idolaters did not deny that the Jews had a revealed book or that the Torah was sent down to Moses (peace be upon him). Those Arabs made this argument in the midst of their stubborn refusal to accept the message given to the Prophet Muĥammad (peace be upon him). Hence, the Qur’ān denounces their claims and reminds them of Moses’s scriptures.
هذا الرأي يعبّر عنه بأوضح صورة ابن جرير الطبري، المرجع نفسه، الجزء 7، الصفحات 268-269.
28 This view is expressed most clearly by Ibn Jarīr al-Ţabarī, ibid., Vol. 7, pp. 268-9.
تصديق الكتب السماوية السابقة
Endorsement Of Earlier Revelations
تتحدث السورة الآن عن الكتاب الجديد، القرآن، الذي لا يزال الكافرون ينكرون نزوله. ويُقال لهم إنه مجرد حلقة في سلسلة متصلة، وليس اختراعًا جديدًا، بل هو أحد الكتب التي أنزلها الله على رسله المصطفين.
The sūrah now speaks of the new Book, the Qur’ān, whose revelation the unbelievers continue to deny. They are told that it is only a stage in a continuing chain. It is no new invention, but only one of the books God has revealed to His chosen messengers.
هَٰذَا كِتَابٌ أَنزَلْنَاهُ مُبَارَكٌ مُّصَدِّقُ الَّذِي بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَلِتُنذِرَ أُمَّ الْقُرَىٰ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهَا ۚ وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ ۖ وَهُمْ عَلَىٰ صَلَاتِهِمْ يُحَافِظُونَ (الآية ٩٢)
This is a blessed book which We have revealed, confirming what came before it, that you may warn the Mother City and all who dwell around it. Those who believe in the life to come do believe in it, and they are ever-mindful of their prayers. (Verse 92)
أنّ الله يبعث الرسل ويُنزل عليهم الوحي والكتب هو أحد السنن التي قدّرها في هذا الكون. والكتاب الجديد مبارك حقًّا كما وصفه الله؛ فهو مبارك في مصدره، لأنّ الله أفاض عليه بركاته حين أنزله، وهو مبارك في مقصده، لأنّه قد نُقش في قلب محمدٍ ﷺ الطاهر الكبير الكريم. وهو مبارك كذلك في حجمه ومضمونه.
That God should send messengers and give them revelations and scriptures is one of the laws He has set in this world. The new Book is blessed indeed, as God describes. It is blessed in its origin, since God has given it His blessings when He revealed it. It is also blessed in its destination, as it is engraved on Muĥammad’s pure, large and noble heart. Furthermore, it is blessed in its size and contents.
بالمقارنة مع المؤلفات الضخمة التي كتبها البشر، فإنه يتكوّن من عدد قليل من الصفحات؛ لكن إلهامه وتأثيره وتوجيهاته ومعانيه تفوق بمراحل تلك التي تحتويها عشرات تلك الكتب، كل واحد منها يزيد حجمه عدة مرات على حجمه.
Compared to voluminous works written by human beings, it comprises a small number of pages; but its inspiration, impact, directives and meaning are far superior to those contained in scores of those books, each one of which is several times its size.
من اشتغل بفن البيان وتعامل مع العلاقة بين الألفاظ والمعاني، كان أقدر على إدراك أن القرآن، بأسلوبه الفريد، مبارك. إنه لأمر يستحيل ببساطة أن يتمكن البشر من التعبير عن جميع معاني القرآن ومفاهيمه وإلهامه في عمل يبلغ حجمه أضعافًا كثيرة. فكثيرًا ما تتضمن الآية الواحدة من المعاني والحقائق والمفاهيم ما يجعلها صالحة للاستشهاد بها في مواقف شتى ولأغراض متعددة. وهذه خاصية فريدة للقرآن لا نظير لها في مؤلفات البشر.
A person who has been preoccupied with the art of expression and dealt with the relationship between words and meanings is better able to appreciate the fact that the Qur’ān, with its unique style, is blessed. It is simply impossible that human beings could express all the meanings, concepts and inspiration of the Qur’ān in a work which is a great many times its size. Many a single verse includes the meanings, facts and concepts that make it quotable in a variety of situations and for numerous purposes. This is a unique quality of the Qur’ān which has no parallel in the works of human beings.