سورۃ الروم: الروم (زندگی کو مردہ میں سے نکالنا) 33-60
Al-Rum The Byzantines ( Bringing Life Out Of The Dead) 33-60
وَإِذَا مَسَّ النَّاسَ ضُرٌّ دَعَوْا رَبَّهُم مُّنِيبِينَ إِلَيْهِ ثُمَّ إِذَا أَذَاقَهُم مِّنْهُ رَحْمَةً إِذَا فَرِيقٌ مِّنْهُم بِرَبِّهِمْ يُشْرِكُونَ
When harm touches people they call out to their Lord for help, turning to Him in repentance. But when He gives them a taste of His grace, some of them associate partners with their Lord, (33)
لِيَكْفُرُوا بِمَا آتَيْنَاهُمْ ۚ فَتَمَتَّعُوا فَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ ﴿٣٤﴾
[as if] to show their ingratitude for what We have given them. Enjoy, then, your life [as you may]; before long you will come to know [the truth]. (34)
أَمْ أَنزَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ سُلْطَانًا فَهُوَ يَتَكَلَّمُ بِمَا كَانُوا بِهِ يُشْرِكُونَ
Have We ever sent down to them a warrant to confirm what they associate as partners with God? (35)
وَإِذَا أَذَقْنَا النَّاسَ رَحْمَةً فَرِحُوا بِهَا ۖ وَإِن تُصِبْهُمْ سَيِّئَةٌ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ إِذَا هُمْ يَقْنَطُونَ
When We give people a taste of grace, they rejoice in it; but if evil befalls them as an outcome of what their own hands have wrought, they lose all hope. (36)
أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْسُطُ الرِّزْقَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَقْدِرُ ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ
Are they not aware that God gives in abundance, or in scant measure, to whom He wills? In this there are clear signs indeed for people who believe. (37)
فَآتِ ذَا الْقُرْبَىٰ حَقَّهُ وَالْمِسْكِينَ وَابْنَ السَّبِيلِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ خَيْرٌ لِّلَّذِينَ يُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَ اللَّهِ ۖ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ ﴿٣٨﴾
Hence, give his due to the near of kin, as well as to the needy and the traveller in need. This is best for all who seek God’s countenance. It is they who shall be successful. (38)
وَمَا آتَيْتُم مِّن رِّبًا لِّيَرْبُوَ فِي أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ فَلَا يَرْبُو عِندَ اللَّهِ ۖ وَمَا آتَيْتُم مِّن زَكَاةٍ تُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَ اللَّهِ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُضْعِفُونَ (39)
Whatever you may give out in usury so that it might increase through other people’s property will bring no increase with God, whereas all that you give out in charity, seeking God’s countenance, will bring you multiple increase. (39)
اللَّهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ ثُمَّ رَزَقَكُمْ ثُمَّ يُمِيتُكُمْ ثُمَّ يُحْيِيكُمْ ۚ هَلْ مِن شُرَكَائِكُم مَّن يَفْعَلُ مِن ذَٰلِكُم مِّن شَيْءٍ ۚ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ ٤٠
It is God who has created you, and then has provided you with sustenance, and then will cause you to die, and then will bring you to life again. Can any of those whom you associate as partners with Him do any of these things? Limitless is God in His glory, and sublimely exalted above anything which people may allege to be partners with Him. (40)
ظَهَرَ الفَسَادُ فِي البَرِّ وَالبَحْرِ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِي النَّاسِ لِيُذِيقَهُم بَعْضَ الَّذِي عَمِلُوا لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ (41)
Corruption has become rife on land and sea in consequence of what people’s hands have wrought; and so He will let them taste the consequences of some of their doings, so that they might mend their ways. (41)
قُلْ سِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَانظُرُوا كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلُ ۚ كَانَ أَكْثَرُهُم مُّشْرِكِينَ
Say: ‘Travel around the world and see what was the fate of those who lived before you. Most of them did associate partners with God.’ (42)
فَأَقِمْ وَجْهَكَ لِلدِّينِ الْحَنِيفِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ يَوْمٌ لَا مَرَدَّ لَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ ۚ يَوْمَئِذٍ يَصَّدَّعُونَ ﴿٤٣﴾
So set your face steadfastly towards the one true faith before there comes from God a day which cannot be averted. On that day all will be divided: (43)
مَنْ كَفَرَ فَعَلَيْهِ كُفْرُهُ، وَمَنْ عَمِلَ صَالِحًا فَلِأَنْفُسِهِمْ يَمْهَدُونَ۔ (٤٤)
he who has denied the truth will have to bear the consequences of his denial, whereas those who did what is right will have smoothed a way [to paradise] for themselves. (44)
لِيَجْزِيَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ مِن فَضْلِهِ ۚ إِنَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الْكَافِرِينَ ﴿٤٥﴾
And so it is that He might reward, out of His bounty, those who have believed and done righteous deeds. He certainly does not love the unbelievers. (45)
وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ أَنْ يُرْسِلَ الرِّيَاحَ مُبَشِّرَاتٍ وَلِيُذِيقَكُمْ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ وَلِتَجْرِيَ الْفُلْكُ بِأَمْرِهِ وَلِتَبْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ (46)
And among His signs is that He sends forth the winds bearing good news, so that He might give you a taste of His grace, and that ships might sail at His bidding; so that you might go about in quest of some of His bounty, and that you might have cause to be grateful. (46)
وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا مِن قَبْلِكَ رُسُلًا إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِمْ فَجَاءُوهُم بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ فَانتَقَمْنَا مِنَ الَّذِينَ أَجْرَمُوا ۖ وَكَانَ حَقًّا عَلَيْنَا نَصْرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ﴿٤٧﴾
We have certainly sent before you messengers to their own peoples, and they brought them clear evidence of the truth. Therefore, We inflicted punishment upon those who deliberately did evil. It is incumbent upon Us to give support to the believers. (47)
اللهُ هُوَ الَّذِي يُرْسِلُ الرِّيَاحَ فَتُثِيرُ سَحَابًا، فَيَبْسُطُهُ فِي السَّمَاءِ كَيْفَ يَشَاءُ، وَيَجْعَلُهُ كِسَفًا فَتَرَى الْوَدْقَ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ خِلَالِهِ.
It is God who sends forth the winds so that they raise clouds, whereupon He spreads them as He wills across the skies, and causes them to break up so that you can see the rain issuing from within it.
حَتَّىٰ إِذَا أَصَابَ بِهِ مَن يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ إِذَا هُمْ يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ ﴿٤٨﴾
As soon as He causes it to fall upon whomever He wills of His servants, they rejoice, (48)
وَإِنْ كَانُوا مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يُنَزَّلَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ لَمُبْلِسِينَ (٤٩)
even though a short while ago, before it was sent down upon them, they had abandoned all hope. (49)
فَانْظُرْ إِلَى آثَارِ رَحْمَةِ اللهِ
Behold, then, the effects of God’s grace:
كَيْفَ يُحْيِي الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا! إِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَمُحْيِي الْمَوْتَىٰ ۖ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ ﴿٥٠﴾
how He gives life to the earth after it had been lifeless! It is indeed He, the One who can bring the dead back to life; for He has power over all things.(50)
وَلَئِنْ أَرْسَلْنَا رِيحًا فَرَأَوْهُ مُصْفَرًّا لَّظَلُّوا مِن بَعْدِهِ يَكْفُرُونَ
If We send a [scorching] wind and they see it turning yellow, they begin after that to deny the truth. (51)
إِنَّكَ لَا تُسْمِعُ الْمَوْتَىٰ وَلَا تُسْمِعُ الصُّمَّ الدُّعَاءَ إِذَا وَلَّوْا مُدْبِرِينَ (52)
Indeed you cannot make the dead hear; and you cannot make the deaf hear your call when they turn their backs and go away. (52)
وَمَا أَنتَ بِهَادِي الْعُمْيِ عَن ضَلَالَتِهِمْ ۖ إِن تُسْمِعُ إِلَّا مَن يُؤْمِنُ بِآيَاتِنَا فَهُم مُّسْلِمُونَ ﴿٥٣﴾
Nor can you lead the blind out of their error. You can only get those who believe in Our signs to listen; and they will then submit themselves [to God]. (53)
اللَّهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُم مِّن ضَعْفٍ ثُمَّ جَعَلَ مِن بَعْدِ ضَعْفٍ قُوَّةً ثُمَّ جَعَلَ مِن بَعْدِ قُوَّةٍ ضَعْفًا وَشَيْبَةً ۚ يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَاءُ ۖ وَهُوَ الْعَلِيمُ الْقَدِيرُ (54)
It is God who creates you in a state of weakness, and then after weakness He brings about strength in you, and then after strength He brings about your weakness and old age. He creates what He wills; and He alone has all knowledge and power. (54)
وَيَوْمَ تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ يُقْسِمُ الْمُجْرِمُونَ مَا لَبِثُوا غَيْرَ سَاعَةٍ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ كَانُوا يُؤْفَكُونَ (٥٥)
When the Last Hour strikes, the evildoers will swear that they had not tarried on earth longer than an hour. Thus they used to delude themselves. (55)
وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ وَالْإِيمَانَ: ﴿لَقَدْ لَبِثْتُمْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ الْبَعْثِ، فَهَٰذَا يَوْمُ الْبَعْثِ وَلَٰكِنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ﴾ (56)
But those who were endowed with knowledge and faith will say: ‘Indeed, you have tarried, in accordance with God’s decree, until the Day of Resurrection. This is, then, the Day of Resurrection, but you did not know it.’ (56)
فَيَوْمَئِذٍ لَا يَنْفَعُ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا مَعْذِرَتُهُمْ وَلَا هُمْ يُسْتَعْتَبُونَ ﴿٥٧﴾
And so on that day their excuse will be of no avail to those wrongdoers, nor will they be allowed to make amends. (57)
وَلَقَدْ ضَرَبْنَا لِلنَّاسِ فِي هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنِ مِن كُلِّ مَثَلٍ ۚ وَلَئِن جِئْتَهُم بِآيَةٍ لَّيَقُولَنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِنْ أَنتُمْ إِلَّا مُبْطِلُونَ
We have set for people in this Qur’ān all sorts of illustrations. Yet if you present them with any sign, the unbelievers will say: ‘you are but making false claims.’ (58)
هكذا يَطبع اللهُ على قلوبِ الذين لا يريدون أن يعلموا [الحق].
Thus does God seal the hearts of those who do not want to know [the truth].
(59)
(59)
فَاصْبِرْ صَبْرًا جَمِيلًا، إِنَّ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ.
Therefore persevere patiently. For certain, God’s promise will come true.
فَلَا يَسْتَخِفَّنَّكَ الَّذِينَ لَا يُوقِنُونَ (٦٠)
So, let not the ones deprived of certainty trouble your mind. (60)
نظرۃ عامۃ
Overview
يعرض هذا المقطع من السورة خطَّها الرئيس، فينظر إلى الفضاء الكوني الواسع الذي تتصل به حياة الناس وأحداثهم. وفي هذا الفضاء العظيم نرى كيف تعمل السنن الحاكمة للحياة والكون في انسجام مع سنن الدين الحق، دون أن يقع بينها تصادم أو تناقض.
This section of the sūrah follows its main line, looking at the universal expanse to which people’s lives and events are related. It is in this great expanse that we see how the laws governing life and the universe operate in harmony with the laws of the true faith, suffering no conflict or contradiction.
يُصوِّر هذا المقطع صورةً لكيفية تغيُّر الأهواء البشرية في كثير من الأحيان، بينما تبقى أحكام الله وشرائعه ثابتة. ويُبيِّن مدى هشاشة المعتقدات الشركية مقارنةً بقوة الإيمان الحق. ويصف مواقف الناس في أوقات الرخاء والشدة، حين تكثر الأرزاق وحين تضيق. وما لم يعتمد الناس على ميزان الله الذي لا يتبدَّل، وما لم يرضوا بمشيئة الله الذي يُعطي بمقدار يشاء، وسواء كان ذلك في الكثرة أو في القلة، فإن قيمهم ومعاييرهم ستبقى مضطربة غير مستقرة. ولمَّا ذكرت السورة رزق الله، أرشدتهم إلى ما يُطهِّر المال وينمّيه، وهو ما يتفق مع الإيمان الصحيح. وبذلك تُبيِّن لهم من هو الخالق الرازق المُحيي المُميت. أما الآلهة المزعومة التي يجعلونها شركاء لله فلا تفعل شيئًا من ذلك. وتُنبِّههم السورة إلى الفساد الذي تنشره الوثنية والمعتقدات الباطلة في كل مكان.
This section draws an image of how human desires frequently change while God’s rules and laws remain constant. It shows how flimsy idolatrous beliefs are compared with the power of true faith. It describes people’s attitudes in times of ease and hardship, when provisions are plentiful and stinted. Unless people rely on God’s measure, which never fluctuates, and unless they accept God’s will who gives as He pleases, in plenty or in small measure, their values and standards will remain unstable. Since it mentions the provision of sustenance, the sūrah directs them to the means that purifies money and makes it grow, which is in line with true faith. In this way, it makes clear to them who the Creator that gives sustenance, initiates life and causes death is. The false deities they allege to be God’s partners do nothing of the kind. It alerts them to the corruption that idolatry and false beliefs spread everywhere.
تُوجِّه السورة النبيَّ ﷺ والمسلمين إلى الثبات على الدين الحق قبل أن يأتي يومٌ لا تنفع فيه عملٌ. إنه اليوم الذي تُحصى فيه أعمال الناس كلها، ويَنالون فيه جزاءهم العادل عليها جميعًا. وفي سياق ما يُقدِّره الله من نعم، توجِّه السورةُ أنظارهم إلى جوانب من تلك النعم، بعضها يتصل بوجودهم، كالمطر النازل من السماء، الذي يُحيي الأرض بعد موتها. وكذلك تُنزَّل وحيُ الله على النبي ﷺ ليُحيي به القلوب والنفوس، ومع ذلك لا يستمعون ولا يتبعون الهدى. وتأخذنا السورة أيضًا في جولة نتأمل فيها مراحلَ خلق الإنسان وحياتِه حتى يعود إلى ربه.
The sūrah directs the Prophet and Muslims to remain steadfast in following the true faith before there comes a day when no action is of any use. It is the day when everything people have done is reckoned and when they receive their fair reward for it all. Within the context of what God provides, the sūrah directs their attention to certain aspects of such provisions, some of which relate to their existence, such as the rain that comes from the skies, giving life to the earth after it was dead. Likewise, God’s revelations are given to the Prophet to bring life to hearts and souls. Yet they neither listen nor follow guidance. The sūrah also takes us on a round in which we look at the stages of creation of humans and their lives until they return to their Lord.
الأحوال المتذبذبة
Vacillating Conditions
وَإِذَا مَسَّ النَّاسَ ضُرٌّ دَعَوْا رَبَّهُمْ مُنِيبِينَ إِلَيْهِ ۖ ثُمَّ إِذَا أَذَاقَهُم مِّنْهُ رَحْمَةً إِذَا فَرِيقٌ مِّنْهُم بِرَبِّهِمْ يُشْرِكُونَ لِيَكْفُرُوا بِمَا آتَيْنَاهُمْ ۚ فَتَمَتَّعُوا فَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ أَمْ أَنزَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ سُلْطَانًا فَهُوَ يَتَكَلَّمُ بِمَا كَانُوا بِهِ يُشْرِكُونَ وَإِذَا أَذَقْنَا النَّاسَ رَحْمَةً فَرِحُوا بِهَا ۖ وَإِن تُصِبْهُمْ سَيِّئَةٌ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ إِذَا هُمْ يَقْنَطُونَ
When harm touches people they call out to their Lord for help, turning to Him in repentance. But when He gives them a taste of His grace, some of them associate partners with their Lord, [as if] to show their ingratitude for what We have given them. Enjoy, then, your life [as you may]; before long you will come to know [the truth]. Have We ever sent down to them a warrant to confirm what they associate as partners with God? When We give people a taste of grace, they rejoice in it; but if evil befalls them as an outcome of what their own hands have wrought, they lose all hope.
أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْسُطُ الرِّزْقَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَقْدِرُ ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ
Are they not aware that God gives in abundance, or in scant measure, to whom He wills? In this there are clear signs indeed for people who believe. (Verses 33-37)
هذه الآيات ترسم صورةً للنفس البشرية لا تعتمد على مفاهيم راسخة، ولا تسلك خطوطاً واضحة، فهي تتأرجح بين ردود فعل مفاجئة، استجابةً لمؤثرات وأحداث متعارضة. وهكذا، إذا مسّ هؤلاء الناسَ ضرٌّ، توجهوا إلى الله، مدركين أنه وحده القادر على إنقاذهم. غير أنهم إذا زال البلاء، وصارت الأمور ميسورة، وأنعم الله عليهم بفضله، "فَمِنْهُم مُّشْرِكُونَ بِرَبِّهِمْ" (الآية 33). وهؤلاء هم الذين لا يتبعون الإيمان الحق، ولا ينتفعون بالنور الذي يمنحه للمؤمنين. فالراحة والعافية تزيل الحالة الطارئة التي دفعتهم إلى التوجه إلى الله طلباً للعون والحماية، فينسون ما كانوا فيه من شدة. وبدلاً من أن يحافظوا على طريق التوجه إلى الله والشكر له، فإنهم يكفرون بهدايته ونعمته التي أنعم بها عليهم.
These verses draw a picture of the human soul that does not rely on solid concepts, or follow clear lines. It thus vacillates between sudden reactions, in response to conflicting influences or events. Thus, when harm touches such people, they turn to God, realizing that only He can save them. Yet when the affliction is over, and things are comfortable again, with God bestowing His grace on them, “some of them associate partners with their Lord.” (Verse 33) These are they who do not follow true faith and who do not benefit from the light it gives to the faithful. Ease and comfort remove the emergency that made them turn to God for support and protection. They forget their earlier hardship. Thus, rather than maintain the path of turning to God and of being grateful to Him, they disbelieve in His guidance and the grace He has bestowed on them.
15 وهذه الطريقة ليست محرمة كغيرها من الطرق القائمة على الربا، ومع ذلك فإنها ليست طريقة سليمة ولا مشرّفة لتنمية الثروة.
15 This method is not forbidden like other methods based on usury. However, it is neither a proper nor honourable way to increase wealth.
الفساد والتلوث
Corruption And Pollution
ثم تتناول السورة قضية الشرك من زاوية الرزق وكسب المعاش، وكيف أثّر ذلك في حياتهم كما أثّر في حياة الأجيال التي سبقتهم، وتُبيّن كذلك نهاية الأمم السابقة، والديار الخاوية التي تشهد على تلك النهايات:
The sūrah then discusses the issue of polytheism from the viewpoint of providing sustenance and earning a living, and how this affects their lives as it affected the lives of generations before them. It also shows the end of earlier communities and the ruins standing witness to such ends:
اللَّهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ ثُمَّ رَزَقَكُمْ ثُمَّ يُمِيتُكُمْ ثُمَّ يُحْيِيكُمْ ۖ هَلْ مِن شُرَكَائِكُم مَّن يَفْعَلُ مِن ذَٰلِكُم مِّن شَيْءٍ ۚ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ ﴿٤٠﴾ ظَهَرَ الْفَسَادُ فِي الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِي النَّاسِ لِيُذِيقَهُم بَعْضَ الَّذِي عَمِلُوا لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ ﴿٤١﴾ قُلْ سِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَانظُرُوا كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلُ ۚ كَانَ أَكْثَرُهُم مُّشْرِكِينَ ﴿٤٢﴾
It is God who has created you, and then has provided you with sustenance, and then will cause you to die, and then will bring you to life again. Can any of those whom you associate as partners with Him do any of these things? Limitless is God in His glory, and sublimely exalted above anything which people may allege to be partners with Him. Corruption has become rife on land and sea in consequence of what people’s hands have wrought; and so He will let them taste the consequences of some of their doings, so that they might mend their ways. Say: ‘Travel around the world and see what was the fate of those who lived before you. Most of them did associate partners with God.’ (Verses 40-42)
تُقَدِّمُ السورةُ إليهم حقائقَ من حياتهم لا يستطيعون أن يجادلوا فيها، وهي من صنع الله، ولا يستطيعون أن يدَّعوا لآلهتهم المزعومة نصيبًا فيها. فهي تبيّن لهم أن الله هو الذي خلقهم وأوجدهم، وهو الذي يرزقهم، ويُميتهم، ثم يُحييهم من جديد. وهم يُقرّون بأن الله هو الذي يخلقهم. أما الرزق، فلا يستطيعون أن يدّعوا أن آلهتهم المزعومة ترزقهم شيئًا منه. ولا حجة لديهم فيما يقرره القرآن من أمر الإماتة. إنما ينازعون في مسألة البعث. وتضم السورةُ هذه المسألةَ إلى غيرها من الحقائق المسلَّمة، حتى يترسخ البعثُ في ضمائرهم. والمنهجُ الذي يسلكه هذا الخطاب القرآني فريدٌ في تأثيره، إذ يخاطب فطرتهم مباشرةً، متجاوزًا كلَّ تفكيرٍ منحرف. والفطرةُ البشرية لا تستطيع أن تنكر حقيقةَ البعث.
The sūrah puts before them the realities of their lives which they cannot dispute to be of God’s own making and in which they cannot claim a share for their alleged deities. It tells them that it is God who has brought them into existence, provides them with sustenance, causes them to die, and then brings them back to life. They acknowledge the fact that it is God who creates them. As for sustenance, they cannot claim that their alleged deities provide them with any of it. They have no argument against what the Qur’ān states about causing death. It is the question of resurrection that they dispute. The sūrah includes this with other acknowledged realities so that resurrection becomes established in their consciences. The method employed in this Qur’ānic address is uniquely effective. It speaks directly to their nature, sidestepping all deviant thinking. Human nature cannot deny the fact of resurrection.
مظاهر فضلِ الله
Aspects Of God’s Grace
ابتدأت السورة جولةً جديدةً تُبيّن بعضَ آياتِ اللهِ وكيفَ تعكسُ رحمتَه، إذ يرزقُهم ويهديهم. فهم يُقِرّون ببعضِ ذلك ويُنكرون بعضَه، ومع هذا لا يشكرون ولا يتبعون هديَه:
The sūrah begins a new round showing some of God’s signs and how they reflect His grace as He provides them with sustenance and guidance. They recognize only parts of this, denying others. Nevertheless, they do not give thanks or follow His guidance:
وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ أَنْ يُرْسِلَ الرِّيَاحَ مُبَشِّرَاتٍ وَلِيُذِيقَكُمْ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ وَلِتَجْرِيَ الْفُلْكُ بِأَمْرِهِ وَلِتَبْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ. وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ رُسُلًا إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِمْ فَجَاءُوهُم بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ فَانْتَقَمْنَا مِنَ الَّذِينَ أَجْرَمُوا ۖ وَكَانَ حَقًّا عَلَيْنَا نَصْرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. اللَّهُ الَّذِي يُرْسِلُ الرِّيَاحَ فَتُثِيرُ سَحَابًا فَيَبْسُطُهُ فِي السَّمَاءِ كَيْفَ يَشَاءُ وَيَجْعَلُهُ كِسَفًا فَتَرَى الْوَدْقَ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ خِلَالِهِ ۖ فَإِذَا أَصَابَ بِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ إِذَا هُمْ يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ. وَإِنْ كَانُوا مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يُنَزَّلَ عَلَيْهِم مِنْ قَبْلِهِ لَمُبْلِسِينَ. فَانْظُرْ إِلَىٰ آثَارِ رَحْمَتِ اللَّهِ
And among His signs is that He sends forth the winds bearing good news, so that He might give you a taste of His grace, and that ships might sail at His bidding; so that you might go about in quest of some of His bounty, and that you might have cause to be grateful. We have certainly sent before you messengers to their own peoples, and they brought them clear evidence of the truth. Therefore, We inflicted punishment upon those who deliberately did evil. It is incumbent upon Us to give support to the believers. It is God who sends forth the winds so that they raise clouds, whereupon He spreads them as He wills across the skies, and causes them to break up so that you can see the rain issuing from within it. As soon as He causes it to fall upon whomever He wills of His servants, they rejoice, even though a short while ago, before it was sent down upon them, they had abandoned all hope. Behold, then, the effects of God’s grace:
كَيْفَ يُحْيِي الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا! إِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَمُحْيِي الْمَوْتَىٰ، وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ. (الآيات ٤٦-٥٠)
how He gives life to the earth after it had been lifeless! It is indeed He, the One who can bring the dead back to life; for He has power over all things. (Verses 46-50)
من آيات الله هنا أن الرياح تُرسَل مبشِّرات، وأن الرسل يُرسَلون بالبينات، وأن الله يُعين المؤمنين، ويُنزل المطر فيُحيي به الأرض الميتة، ويُعيد الموتى إلى الحياة. وهذا الجمع بالغ الدلالة. وكل ذلك من مظاهر رحمة الله وفضله، وهو جزء من السنن التي أجراها الله. فثمة صلات وثيقة بين نظام الكون، ورسالات الهداية الإلهية التي يبلّغها رسل الله، والنصر الذي يمنحه الله للمؤمنين. وكل ذلك من آيات الله ومن مظاهر فضله، وهو مهم لحياة الإنسان، ومرتبط ارتباطًا وثيقًا بالنظام الكوني.
مراحلُ حياةِ الإنسانِ المختلفة
The Different Stages Of Man’s Life
وبهذا تصف السورة تقلّب أهواء الناس، وعجزهم عن الانتفاع بآيات الله التي يرونها في الكون من حولهم، وإخفاقهم في إدراك حكمة الله وراء أحداث الحياة. ثم تتوجّه إلى النبي ﷺ مواسيةً له على عدم قدرته على إقناع كثير منهم باتباع الهدى الإلهي، وتخبره أن ذلك يعود إلى طبيعتهم وعماهم، وأنه لا يستطيع أبدًا أن يعالجه.
Thus the sūrah describes the fluctuation of people’s desires, their inability to benefit by God’s signs that they see in the universe around them, and their failure to recognize God’s wisdom behind life’s events. It then addresses the Prophet consoling him for not being able to persuade many of them to follow divine guidance. It tells him that this is due to their nature and blindness, which he can never cure.
إِنَّكَ لَا تُسْمِعُ الْمَوْتَىٰ، وَلَا تُسْمِعُ الصُّمَّ الدُّعَاءَ إِذَا وَلَّوْا مُدْبِرِينَ، وَمَا أَنْتَ بِهَادِي الْعُمْيِ عَن ضَلَالَتِهِمْ
Indeed you cannot make the dead hear; and you cannot make the deaf hear your call when they turn their backs and go away. Nor can you lead the blind out of their error.
إِنَّمَا يَسْتَجِيبُ الَّذِينَ يَسْمَعُونَ ۘ وَالْمَوْتَىٰ يَبْعَثُهُمُ اللَّهُ ۗ Note: this text is not the translation from the Qur'an you asked for. The English you sent reads like a rendering of Qur'an 6:36 ("Only those who listen will respond"), but I'm not sure of the exact source. Here is a faithful translation of the English as you wrote it: إِنَّمَا يَسْتَجِيبُ الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِآيَاتِنَا، فَهُمْ يَسْتَمِعُونَ، وَعِنْدَهَا يُسْلِمُونَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ [لِلَّهِ].
You can only get those who believe in Our signs to listen; and they will then submit themselves [to God]. (Verses 52-53)
تُبيِّن السورةُ أنهم أمواتٌ، صمٌّ بُكمٌ عُميٌ، عاطلون عن الحركة والسمع والبصر. لقد عزلوا أنفسهم عن العالم من حولهم، فلم يعودوا قادرين على إدراك السنن الكونية التي تؤثر فيه. ومن ثمَّ فليس لهم من الحياة إلا ما للحيوان، بل أقل منه، فالحيوان يهديه فطرته، وهي نادرًا ما تُخذله. أما الإنسان الذي لا يستجيب لآيات الله رغم تأثيرها القوي في القلوب والعقول، فهو أصمُّ وإن كانت له أذنٌ تسمع.
The sūrah shows them to be lifeless, deaf and blind, devoid of motion, hearing and sight. They have isolated themselves from the world around them and thus they are unable to understand the universal laws affecting it. Hence, they have no more than an animal life, or even less. An animal is guided by its nature, which rarely lets it down. By contrast, a person who does not respond to God’s revelations despite its powerful effect on hearts and minds is deaf even though he may have ears that hear.
لا تغيير في الموقف
No Change Of Position
ثم تصف السورة كيف يُصِرّ الكافرون على طريقتهم، بعد أن بيّنت مصير هذا الكفر المستمر.
The sūrah then describes how the unbelievers persist in their ways, after having explained the fate of such persistent unbelief:
وَلَقَدْ ضَرَبْنَا لِلنَّاسِ فِي هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنِ مِنْ كُلِّ مَثَلٍ ۚ وَلَئِن جِئْتَهُم بِآيَةٍ لَّيَقُولَنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِنْ أَنتُمْ إِلَّا مُبْطِلُونَ ﴿٥٨﴾ كَذَٰلِكَ يَطْبَعُ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِ الَّذِينَ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ ﴿٥٩﴾
We have set for people in this Qur’ān all sorts of illustrations. Yet if you present them with any sign, the unbelievers will say: you are but making false claims.’ Thus does God seal the hearts of those who do not want to know [the truth]. (Verses 58-59)
بَيْنَ هٰذَا الزَّمَنِ وَذَلِكَ الزَّمَانِ وَالْمَكَانِ فَجْوَةٌ وَاسِعَةٌ، إِلَّا أَنَّ السُّورَةَ تُسْمِعُ كَأَنَّهَا قَرِيبَةٌ جِدًّا، بَلْ لَقَدْ طُوِيَ الزَّمَانُ وَالْمَكَانُ وَرُدَّا إِلَى الْوَرَاءِ. فَيُذَكَّرُ النَّاسُ مِنْ جَدِيدٍ بِمَا يُقَدِّمُهُ الْقُرْآنُ مِنْ أَمْثَالٍ، وَأَسَالِيبِ خِطَابٍ، وَلَمَسَاتٍ دَقِيقَةٍ تُنَبِّهُ الْعُقُولَ وَالْقُلُوبَ، وَصُوَرٍ مُلْهِمَةٍ. يَسْتَمِعُونَ إِلَيْهِ وَهُوَ يُخَاطِبُ كُلَّ عَقْلٍ وَقَلْبٍ فِي كُلِّ بِيئَةٍ اجْتِمَاعِيَّةٍ، وَيُخَاطِبُ النَّفْسَ الْإِنْسَانِيَّةَ فِي جَمِيعِ أَحْوَالِهَا. وَمَعَ ذَلِكَ يَسْتَمِرُّونَ فِي إِنْكَارِ كُلِّ آيَةٍ. وَلَا يَقِفُونَ عِنْدَ هٰذَا، بَلْ يُهِينُونَ أَصْحَابَ الْعِلْمِ الصَّحِيحِ، وَيَصِفُونَهُمْ بِأَنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ أَبَاطِيلَ، فَيَقُولُ الْكَافِرُونَ: {وَإِنْ تُقَدِّمْهُمْ بِأَيِّ آيَةٍ يَقُولُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا:
There is a wide gap here in time and place, but it sounds in the sūrah as if it is ever so near; indeed both time and place have been rolled back. People are again reminded of what the Qur’ān provides by way of illustrations, modes of address, fine touches meant to alert minds and hearts, and inspiring images. They listen to it as it addresses every mind and heart in every social environment and speaks to the human soul in all its moods. Yet they continue to deny every sign. Nor do they stop at this, but rather insult those endowed with true knowledge describing them as making false assertions: “Yet if you present them with any sign, the unbelievers will say:
"أنتم إلا تفترون." (الآية ٥٨) وتعلّق السورة على كفرهم قائلةً: "كذلك يطبع الله على قلوب الذين لا يعلمون." (الآية ٥٩) فبهذه الطريقة ولهذا السبب يطبع الله على قلوبهم. إنهم في الحقيقة عميٌ، لا يبصرون آيات الله، مستكبرون في كفرهم، لا يرغبون في التفكّر. ومن ثَمّ فهم يستحقّون أن يختم الله على أبصارهم وقلوبهم.
you are but making false claims.” (Verse 58) The sūrah comments on their disbelief, saying: “Thus does God seal the hearts of those who do not want to know [the truth].” (Verse 59) It is in this way and for this reason that God seals their hearts. They are indeed blind, unable to see God’s signs, arrogant in their disbelief, unwilling to reflect. Hence, they deserve that God should seal their sight and their hearts.