يٰسٓ (ما الذي يمنع البعث؟) ٦٩-٨٣
Ya Sin ( What Prevents Resurrection? ) 69-83
وَمَا عَلَّمْنَاهُ الشِّعْرَ وَمَا يَنبَغِي لَهُۥٓ ۚ إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا ذِكْرٌ وَقُرْآنٌ مُّبِينٌ ﴿٦٩﴾
We have not taught the Prophet poetry; nor is it fitting for him [to be a poet]. This is but a reminder and a Qur’ān making all things clear, (69)
لِيُنذِرَ مَن كَانَ حَيًّا وَيَحِقَّ الْقَوْلُ عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ
to warn everyone who is alive, and that the word of God be proved against the unbelievers. (70)
أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّا خَلَقْنَا لَهُم مِّمَّا عَمِلَتْ أَيْدِينَا أَنْعَامًا فَهُمْ لَهَا مَالِكُونَ
Are they not aware that, among all the things Our hands have made, We have created for them cattle which they control? (71)
وَذَلَّلْنَاهَا لَهُمْ فَمِنْهَا رَكُوبُهُمْ وَمِنْهَا يَأْكُلُونَ ﴿٧٢﴾
We have subjected these to them, so that some of them they use for riding and of some they may eat, (72)
وَلَهُمْ فِيهَا مَنَافِعُ أُخْرَىٰ وَمَشَارِبُ ۚ أَفَلَا يَشْكُرُونَ
and they have other benefits from them, and [milk] to drink. Will they not give thanks? (73)
وَاتَّخَذُوا مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ آلِهَةً لَّعَلَّهُمْ يُنصَرُونَ (٧٤)
Yet they have taken to worship deities other than God, hoping for [their) support. (74)
لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ نَصْرَهُمْ، وَهُمْ لَهُمْ جُنْدٌ مُحْضَرُونَ
They are unable to support them; yet their worshippers stand like warriors to defend them.
(75)
(75)
{ فَلَا يَحْزُنْكَ قَوْلُهُمْ ۘ إِنَّا نَعْلَمُ مَا يُسِرُّونَ وَمَا يُعْلِنُونَ } (٧٦)
Let not their words grieve you. We know all that they keep secret as well as all that they bring into the open. (76)
أَوَلَمْ يَرَ الْإِنْسَانُ أَنَّا خَلَقْنَاهُ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ فَإِذَا هُوَ خَصِيمٌ مُبِينٌ (77)
Is man, then, not aware that it is We who create him out of a gamete; and then he becomes flagrantly contentious? (77)
ويضرب لنا مثلاً وينسى خلقه، قال: من يحيي العظام وهي رميم؟
He comes up with arguments against Us, forgetting how he himself was created. He asks:
"مَنْ يُحْيِي الْعِظَامَ وَهِيَ رَمِيمٌ؟" (78)
‘Who could give life to bones that have crumbled to dust?’ (78)
قُلْ يُحْيِيهَا الَّذِي أَنشَأَهَا أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ ۖ وَهُوَ بِكُلِّ خَلْقٍ عَلِيمٌ ﴿٧٩﴾
Say: ‘He who brought them into being in the first instance will give them life again. He has full knowledge of every act of creation; (79)
الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُم مِّنَ الشَّجَرِ الْأَخْضَرِ نَارًا فَإِذَا أَنتُم مِّنْهُ تُوقِدُونَ
He who produces for you fire out of the green tree, and from this you kindle your fires.’ (80)
أَلَيْسَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ بِقَادِرٍ عَلَىٰ أَن يَخْلُقَ مِثْلَهُم؟ بَلَىٰ، وَهُوَ الْخَلَّاقُ الْعَلِيمُ. (81)
Is, then, He who has created the heavens and the earth unable to create their like? Of course He can. He alone is the supreme Creator, the All- Knowing. (81)
إِنَّمَا أَمْرُهُ إِذَا أَرَادَ شَيْئًا أَنْ يَقُولَ لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُ (82)
When He intends something to be, He only says to it, ‘Be,’ and it is. (82)
فَسُبْحَانَ الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ مَلَكُوتُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَإِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ (83)
Limitless, then, in His glory is He in whose hand rests the mighty dominion over all things, and to Him you all will be brought back. (83)
نظرة عامة
Overview
في هذا الجزء الأخير، تستعرض السورة جميع القضايا التي تناولتها من قبل: طبيعة الوحي، والألوهية ووحدانيتها، والبعث. وتُعرض هذه القضايا في أقسام مستقلة، بأسلوب قوي التأثير ذي إيقاع واضح. والغاية العامة هي بيان كيف تُدير يدُ الله كل شيء في الكون. ويتلخص هذا المعنى في الآية الأخيرة من السورة: ﴿فَسُبْحَانَ الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ مَلَكُوتُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَإِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ﴾ (الآية 83). فيده القوية المبدعة خلقت الأنعام وسخّرتها للإنسان، وخلقت الإنسان من نطفة لا قيمة لها. وهذه اليد نفسها قادرة على إحياء العظام التي صارت رميمًا، كما أوجدتها أول مرة. وهي التي أخرجت النار من الشجر الأخضر، وأبدعت السماوات والأرض. وفي النهاية، فإنها تمسك بزمام كل شيء في الكون. هذا هو خلاصة هذا الجزء الأخير من السورة.
In this final part, the sūrah reviews all the issues it tackled earlier: the nature of revelation; Godhead and its oneness, and resurrection. These are reviewed in separate sections and shown with strong effects coupled with a clear rhythm. The overall aim is to show how God’s hand controls everything in the universe. This concept is summed up in the last verse of the sūrah: “Limitless, then, in His glory is He in whose hand rests the mighty dominion over all things, and to Him you all will be brought back.” (Verse 83) His hand, strong and innovative, has created cattle and subjected them to man, and created man from a mere gamete. The same hand can also give life to bones that had broken into dust, just like it originated them in the first instance. It was this hand that produced fire from the green tree and brought the heavens and the earth into being. In the end, it has control of everything in the universe. This, then, is the gist of this final part of the sūrah.
لا مكان للشعر
No Place For Poetry
وَمَا عَلَّمْنَاهُ الشِّعْرَ وَمَا يَنبَغِي لَهُ ۚ إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا ذِكْرٌ وَقُرْآنٌ مُّبِينٌ، لِّيُنذِرَ مَن كَانَ حَيًّا وَيَحِقَّ الْقَوْلُ عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ
We have not taught the Prophet poetry; nor is it fitting for him [to be a poet). This is but a reminder and a Qur’ān making all things clear, to warn everyone who is alive, and that the word of God be proved against the unbelievers. (Verses 69-70)
في مستهلّ السورة تحدّث الكلام عن مسألة الوحي: «يس. وَالْقُرْآنِ الْحَكِيمِ. إِنَّكَ لَمِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ. عَلَىٰ صِرَاطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ. تَنزِيلَ الْعَزِيزِ الرَّحِيمِ. لِتُنذِرَ قَوْمًا مَّا أُنذِرَ آبَاؤُهُمْ فَهُمْ غَافِلُونَ» (الآيات ١-٦).
Right at the outset, the sūrah spoke about the question of revelation: “Yā Sīn. By the Qur’ān, full of wisdom, you are indeed one of God’s messengers, pursuing a straight way. It is a revelation by the Almighty, the Ever Merciful, so that you may warn people whose forefathers had not been warned, and who therefore are unaware [of the truth].” (Verses 1-6)
الآن يُعرض هذا الأمر بهذه الصورة بعينها لدحض الادعاء بأن النبي ﷺ كان شاعرًا، وأن القرآن ليس إلا شعرًا. كان كبراء قريش على علم تام بأن هذا كله باطل تمامًا، وبأن القرآن الذي كان محمد ﷺ يتلوه أمرٌ غريبٌ عن لغتهم. لم يكونوا من الغباء بحيث يعجزون عن التمييز بين القرآن والشعر. وما كانت هذه الادعاءات إلا جزءًا من الدعاية التي شنّوها ضد الدين الجديد وضد الرسول ﷺ الذي يدعو إليه.
Now it is presented in this particular form to refute the allegation that the Prophet was a poet, and that the Qur’ān was mere poetry. The elders of the Quraysh were fully aware that all this was absolutely false, and that the Qur’ān Muĥammad recited was something unknown in their language. They were not so dull as to be unable to distinguish the Qur’ān from poetry. These allegations were simply part of the propaganda they launched against the new faith and the Messenger preaching it.
قَالُوا إِنَّمَا أَشَارُوا إِلَى الْأُسْلُوبِ الرَّفِيعِ الْمُلْهِمِ لِلْقُرْآنِ، لِيُوهِمُوا عَامَّةَ النَّاسِ بِأَنَّهُ مِنْ قَبِيلِ الشِّعْرِ.
They simply referred to the fine, inspiring style of the Qur’ān to try to make the masses confuse it with poetry.
في هذا المقام، ينفي الله، في جلاله اللامحدود، أن يكون قد علّم رسوله فنَّ الشعر. وبما أن الله لم يعلّمه هذا، فلن يتعلمه. ولن يعرف أحدٌ أبدًا شيئًا إلا ما يعلّمه الله إياه.
At this point, God in all His limitless glory denies that He taught His Messenger the art of poetry. Since God did not teach him this, he will not learn it. No one will ever get to know anything other than what God teaches them.
الإله الواحد
Just The One God
يتناول القسم الثاني من هذا الجزء الأخير من السورة مسألة توحيد الله، ويضع لها إطارًا من خلال ما يشاهده الناس من حولهم، ومن النعم التي يمنّ الله بها عليهم.
The second section of this final part of the sūrah addresses the question of God’s oneness providing a framework for it from what people see around them and the blessings God grants them:
أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّا خَلَقْنَا لَهُم مِّمَّا عَمِلَتْ أَيْدِينَا أَنْعَامًا فَهُمْ لَهَا مَالِكُونَ * وَذَلَّلْنَاهَا لَهُمْ فَمِنْهَا رَكُوبُهُمْ وَمِنْهَا يَأْكُلُونَ * وَلَهُمْ فِيهَا مَنَافِعُ وَمَشَارِبُ أَفَلَا يَشْكُرُونَ * وَاتَّخَذُوا مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ آلِهَةً لَّعَلَّهُمْ يُنصَرُونَ * لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ نَصْرَهُمْ وَهُمْ لَهُمْ جُندٌ مُّحْضَرُونَ * فَلَا يَحْزُنكَ قَوْلُهُمْ ۘ إِنَّا نَعْلَمُ مَا يُسِرُّونَ وَمَا يُعْلِنُونَ
Are they not aware that, among all the things Our hands have made, We have created for them cattle which they control. We have subjected these to them, so that some of them they use for riding and of some they may eat, and they have other benefits from them, and [milk] to drink. Will they not give thanks? Yet they have taken to worship deities other than God, hoping for [their] support. They are unable to support them; yet their worshippers stand like warriors to defend them. Let not their words grieve you. We know all that they keep secret as well as all that they bring into the open.
(الآيات ٧١-٧٦)
(Verses 71-76)
تبدأ هذه الآيات بالسؤال: ﴿أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا﴾، وكان يمكن ترجمته حرفيًا بـ: «ألم يروا كيف…». فالآية التي تُلفت انتباههم إليها حاضرةٌ أمامهم، ولا يحتاجون إلى البحث عنها بعيدًا؛ إنها أمام أعينهم، ولا تتطلب كثيرًا من التأمل. وهي الأنعام التي خلقها الله وجعلها مسخَّرة لتصرفهم، فيركبونها، ويأكلون من لحومها، ويشربون من ألبانها، ويستفيدون منها فوائد شتى. وكل ذلك بسنّة الله وبالصفات التي منحها للإنسان وللأنعام، ولم يكن للناس أن يحققوا شيئًا من ذلك بأنفسهم. بل إنهم لا يستطيعون خلق ذبابة، ولو حشدوا لذلك كل مواردهم، ولا يقدرون على تسخير ذبابة إلا أن يمنحها الله صفة التسخير للإنسان. ومن هنا جاء السؤال: ﴿أَفَلَا يَشْكُرُونَ﴾؟ وإذا نظرنا إلى هذا الأمر في ضوء القرآن الكريم، أدركنا أن نعم الله تفيض من كل جانب حولنا. فكلما ركبنا دابةً، أو أكلنا قطعة من اللحم، أو شربنا كوبًا من اللبن، أو تذوقنا قطعة من الجبن، أو استعملنا الشحم في الطهي، أو لبسنا ثوبًا مصنوعًا من الجلد أو الصوف أو شعر الحيوان، شعرنا في قلوبنا بنعم الله التي لا تنقطع وفضله الذي لا يحدّ. وهذا ينطبق على كل ما حولنا وكل ما نستعمله، سواء أكان حيًّا أم جامدًا. وهكذا تصبح حياتنا كلها عبادةً متصلة، تسبيحًا لله وشكرًا له.
These verses begin with the question, ‘Are they not aware...’, which could have been literally translated as ‘Do they not see how...’ The sign to which their attentions are drawn here is present before them. They do not have to look far for it. It is before their very eyes, requiring little contemplation. It is the cattle God has created and made subject to their control. Thus, they are able to ride them, use them for food, milk and draw various other benefits from them. All this is by God’s law and the qualities He has given man and cattle. People could never have achieved any of this on their own. In fact, they cannot create a fly, even though they might muster all their resources for this purpose. They cannot control a fly unless God gave it the quality of being controlled by man. Hence the question: “Will they not give thanks?” When we look at the matter in this Qur’ānic light we are bound to feel that God’s blessings overflow from every corner around us. Thus, every time we ride an animal, eat a piece of meat, have a drink of milk, taste a piece of cheese or use fat for cooking, or wear a garment made of hide, wool or animal hair, we in our hearts feel God’s endless blessings and infinite grace. This, then, applies to all things around us and everything we use, whether animate or inanimate. All our lives, then, become a continuous act of glorifying God and giving thanks to Him.
حياةٌ ثانيةٌ لِلجميع
A Second Life For All
يُثِيرُ القِسْمُ الثَّالِثُ مِنْ هذا المَقْطَعِ الأَخِيرِ مَسْأَلَةَ البَعْثِ وَالحِسَابِ.
The third section of this final passage raises the question of resurrection and reckoning:
أوَلَمْ يَرَ الْإِنْسَانُ أَنَّا خَلَقْنَاهُ مِن نُّطْفَةٍ فَإِذَا هُوَ خَصِيمٌ مُّبِينٌ ﴿٧٧﴾ وَضَرَبَ لَنَا مَثَلًا وَنَسِيَ خَلْقَهُ ۖ قَالَ مَن يُحْيِي الْعِظَامَ وَهِيَ رَمِيمٌ ﴿٧٨﴾ قُلْ يُحْيِيهَا الَّذِي أَنشَأَهَا أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ ۖ وَهُوَ بِكُلِّ خَلْقٍ عَلِيمٌ ﴿٧٩﴾ الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُم مِّنَ الشَّجَرِ الْأَخْضَرِ نَارًا فَإِذَا أَنتُم مِّنْهُ تُوقِدُونَ ﴿٨٠﴾ أَوَلَيْسَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ بِقَادِرٍ عَلَىٰ أَن يَخْلُقَ مِثْلَهُم ۚ بَلَىٰ وَهُوَ الْخَلَّاقُ الْعَلِيمُ ﴿٨١﴾ إِنَّمَا أَمْرُهُ إِذَا أَرَادَ شَيْئًا أَن يَقُولَ لَهُ كُن فَيَكُونُ ﴿٨٢﴾
Is man, then, not aware that it is We who create him out of a gamete; and then he becomes flagrantly contentious. He comes up with arguments against Us, forgetting how he himself was created. He asks: ‘Who could give life to bones that have crumbled to dust?’ Say: ‘He who brought them into being in the first instance will give them life again. He has full knowledge of every act of creation; He who produces for you fire out of the green tree, and from this you kindle your fires.’ Is, then, He who has created the heavens and the earth unable to create their like? Of course He can. He alone is the supreme Creator, the All-Knowing. When He intends something to he, He only says to it, ‘Be,’ and it is. (Verses 77-82)
يتناول هذا المقطع أولاً موقف الإنسان من نفسه، فيصف نشأته ومصيره، ويعرض ذلك كله أمامه ليراه حقيقةً تتجلى في كل لحظة. ومع ذلك، فإن الإنسان لا يدرك أهمية ذلك، ولا يتخذه دليلاً يؤكد تحقق وعد الله ببعث البشر جميعاً. ﴿أَوَلَمْ يَرَ الْإِنسَانُ أَنَّا خَلَقْنَاهُ مِن نُّطْفَةٍ فَإِذَا هُوَ خَصِيمٌ مُّبِينٌ﴾ (الآية 77). إن الإنسان لا يشك في أن أصله القريب نطفة، وهي ليست إلا قطرة صغيرة من سائل حقير، قطرة تحوي آلاف الخلايا التي تصير إحداها جنيناً، ثم ينمو ليصبح إنساناً مخاصماً يجادل ربه ويطلب منه البرهان والدليل.
This section looks first at man’s own position, describing his origins and ends, putting it all before him so that he looks at it as a reality taking place all the time. Yet man neither appreciates its significance nor takes it as evidence confirming the realization of God’s promise to resurrect all humanity. “Is man, then, not aware that it is We who create him out of a gamete; and then he becomes flagrantly contentious.” (Verse 77) Man does not doubt that his immediate origin is a gamete. It is no more than a tiny drop of worthless fluid; a drop containing countless thousands of cells, one of which then becomes an embryo, which later grows into a contentious person, arguing with his Lord and demanding proof and evidence from Him.