هود (الوعد الذي لا يُخلَف) 50-68
Hud (The Promise That Never Fails) 50-68
وَإِلَىٰ عَادٍ أَخَاهُمْ هُودًا ۚ قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا لَكُم مِّنْ إِلَٰهٍ غَيْرُهُ ۚ إِنْ أَنتُمْ إِلَّا مُفْتَرُونَ
To `Ād, We sent their brother Hūd. He said: ‘My people! Worship God alone; you have no deity other than Him. You are indeed inventors of falsehood. (50)
لَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرًا يَا قَوْمِ، إِنْ أَجْرِيَ إِلَّا عَلَى الَّذِي فَطَرَنِي ۖ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ ﴿٥١﴾
No reward do I ask of you, my people, for this [message]. My reward rests with Him who brought me into being. Will you not, then, use your reason? (51)
يَا قَوْمِ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ ثُمَّ تُوبُوا إِلَيْهِ يُرْسِلِ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْكُم مِّدْرَارًا وَيَزِدْكُمْ قُوَّةً إِلَىٰ قُوَّتِكُمْ
My people! Seek your Lord’s forgiveness, and then turn to Him in repentance. He will cause the sky to rain abundance on you, and will add strength to your strength.
«لَا تَعْتَذِرُوا قَدْ كَفَرْتُم بَعْدَ إِيمَانِكُمْ» ... «ولا تَحْسَبُوا مُجْرِمِينَ» Note: the translation above is incomplete, as I have no Arabic verse text beyond what was provided. Here is the faithful translation of the given text: لَا تُوَلُّوا مُجْرِمِينَ (52)
Do not turn away as guilty criminals.’ (52)
قَالُوا يَا هُودُ مَا جِئْتَنَا بِبَيِّنَةٍ وَمَا نَحْنُ بِتَارِكِي آلِهَتِنَا عَنْ قَوْلِكَ وَمَا نَحْنُ لَكَ بِمُؤْمِنِينَ ﴿٥٣﴾
They replied: ‘Hūd, you have brought us no clear evidence. We are not forsaking our gods on your mere word, nor will we believe in you. (53)
"إِنْ نَقُولُ إِلَّا اعْتَرَاكَ بَعْضُ آلِهَتِنَا بِسُوءٍ." قَالَ: "إِنِّي أُشْهِدُ اللَّهَ وَاشْهَدُوا أَنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِمَّا تُشْرِكُونَ (٥٤)
All we can say is that one of our gods may have smitten you with something evil.’ He said: ‘I call God to witness, and you, too, bear witness, that I disassociate myself from all those you claim to be partners with God. (54)
ثُمَّ كِيدُونِ جَمِيعًا فَلَا تُنْظِرُونِ
Scheme against me, all of you, if you will, and give me no respite. (55)
إِنِّي تَوَكَّلْتُ عَلَى اللَّهِ رَبِّي وَرَبِّكُمْ ۚ مَا مِنْ دَابَّةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ آخِذٌ بِنَاصِيَتِهَا ۚ إِنَّ رَبِّي عَلَىٰ صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ
Indeed I have placed my trust in God, my Lord and your Lord. There is no living creature which He does not hold by its forelock. Straight indeed is my Lord’s way.
(56)
(56)
{فَإِن تَوَلَّوْا فَقَدْ أَبْلَغْتُكُم مَّا أُرْسِلْتُ بِهِ إِلَيْكُمْ ۚ وَيَسْتَخْلِفُ رَبِّي قَوْمًا غَيْرَكُمْ ۚ وَلَا تَضُرُّونَهُ شَيْئًا}
But if you turn away, I have delivered to you the message with which I was sent to you. My Lord may replace you with another people. You can do Him no harm.
إِنَّ رَبِّي عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ حَفِيظٌ (57)
My Lord watches over all things.’ (57)
فَلَمَّا جَاءَ أَمْرُنَا نَجَّيْنَا هُودًا وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ بِرَحْمَةٍ مِنَّا ۚ وَنَجَّيْنَاهُمْ مِنْ عَذَابٍ غَلِيظٍ
And so, when Our judgement came to pass, by Our grace We saved Hūd and those who shared his faith. We have indeed saved them from severe suffering. (58)
وَتِلْكَ عَادٌ جَحَدُوا بِآيَاتِ رَبِّهِمْ وَعَصَوْا رُسُلَهُ وَاتَّبَعُوا أَمْرَ كُلِّ جَبَّارٍ عَنِيدٍ (59)
Such were the `Ād. They denied their lord’s revelations, disobeyed His messengers, and followed the bidding of every arrogant, unrestrained tyrant. (59)
أُتْبِعُوا فِي هٰذِهِ الدُّنْيَا لَعْنَةً وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ۗ أَلَا إِنَّ عَادًا كَفَرُوا رَبَّهُمْ ۗ أَلَا بُعْدًا لِّعَادٍ قَوْمِ هُودٍ
They were pursued by a curse in this world and on the Day of Judgement. Indeed, the `Ād denied their Lord. Oh, away with the `Ād, the people of Hūd. (60)
وَإِلَىٰ ثَمُودَ أَخَاهُمْ صَالِحًا
To Thamūd, We sent their brother Şāliĥ.
قَالَ: «يَا قَوْمِ! اعْبُدُوا اللهَ وَحْدَهُ.
He said: ‘My people! Worship God alone.
لَا إِلٰهَ لَكُمْ غَيْرُهُ، هُوَ أَنْشَأَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ وَاسْتَعْمَرَكُمْ فِيهَا، فَاسْتَغْفِرُوهُ ثُمَّ تُوبُوا إِلَيْهِ، إِنَّ رَبِّي قَرِيبٌ مُجِيبٌ. (61)
You have no deity other than Him. He it is who brought you into being out of the earth and settled you therein. Seek His forgiveness and then turn to Him in repentance. My Lord is ever near. He answers all.’ (61)
قَالُوا يَا صَالِحُ قَدْ كُنتَ فِينَا مَرْجُوًّا قَبْلَ هَٰذَا ۖ أَتَنْهَانَا أَن نَّعْبُدَ مَا يَعْبُدُ آبَاؤُنَا وَإِنَّنَا لَفِي شَكٍّ مِّمَّا تَدْعُونَا إِلَيْهِ مُرِيبٍ (٦٢)
They answered: ‘Şāliĥ! Great hopes did we place in you before this. Would you now forbid us to worship what our forefathers worshipped? We are indeed in grave doubt about that to which you call us.’ (62)
قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِن كُنتُ عَلَىٰ بَيِّنَةٍ مِّن رَّبِّي وَآتَانِي رَحْمَةً مِّنْ عِندِهِ فَمَن يَنصُرُنِي مِنَ اللَّهِ إِنْ عَصَيْتُهُ ۖ فَمَا تَزِيدُونَنِي غَيْرَ تَخْسِيرٍ (63)
He said: ‘Think, my people! If I take my stand on a clear evidence from my Lord who has bestowed on me His grace, who will save me from God were I to disobey Him? You are, in such a case, only aggravating my ruin. (63)
وَيَا قَوْمِ هَٰذِهِ نَاقَةُ اللَّهِ لَكُمْ آيَةً فَذَرُوهَا تَأْكُلْ فِي أَرْضِ اللَّهِ وَلَا تَمَسُّوهَا بِسُوءٍ فَيَأْخُذَكُمْ عَذَابٌ قَرِيبٌ (٦٤)
And, my people, here is God’s she- camel, a clear sign for you. Leave her to graze at will in God’s land, and do her no harm, lest speedy punishment befall you.’ (64)
ومع ذلك فقد ذبحوها بقسوة. قال:
Yet they cruelly slaughtered her. He said:
«تَمَتَّعُوا فِي دَارِكُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ وَعْدٌ غَيْرُ مَكْذُوبٍ» (٦٥)
‘You have just three more days to enjoy life in your homes. This is a promise which will not be belied.’ (65)
فَلَمَّا جَاءَ أَمْرُنَا نَجَّيْنَا صَالِحًا وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ بِرَحْمَةٍ مِنَّا وَمِنْ خِزْيِ يَوْمِئِذٍ ۗ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ الْقَوِيُّ الْعَزِيزُ (٦٦)
When Our judgement came to pass, by Our grace We saved Şāliĥ and those who shared his faith from the ignominy of that day. Indeed, your Lord is Powerful, Almighty. (66)
فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ الصَّيْحَةُ فَأَصْبَحُوا فِي دِيَارِهِمْ جَاثِمِينَ
The blast overtook the wrongdoers, and when morning came, they lay lifeless on the ground, in their very homes, (67)
كأن لم يكونوا فيها مزدهرين
As though they had never prospered there.
كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُودُ بِطَغْوَاهَا۔ أَلَا بُعْدًا لِّثَمُودَ۔
Thamūd denied their Lord! Oh, away with the Thamūd. (68)
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فَصَارَ قَوْمُ نُوحٍ تَارِيخًا مَاضِيًا؛ إِذْ غَرِقَ الْأَكْثَرُ الَّذِينَ كَذَّبُوا رِسَالَتَهُ وَنُسُوا. وَقَدْ أُخْرِجُوا مِنَ الْحَيَاةِ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ، كَمَا أُبْعِدُوا عَنْ رَحْمَةِ اللهِ. أَمَّا النَّاجُونَ فَقَدْ أُقِيمُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ تَحْقِيقًا لِوَعْدِ اللهِ:
So Noah’s people became past history: the great majority who denied his message were drowned and forgotten. They were banished from life on earth as also from God’s grace. The survivors were established on earth in fulfilment of God’s promise:
"الْعَاقِبَةُ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ" (الآية ٤٩). ووعدُ اللهِ لنوحٍ ﷺ يتلخّصُ في الآية التالية: "قِيلَ يَا نُوحُ اهْبِطْ بِسَلَامٍ مِّنَّا وَبَرَكَاتٍ عَلَيْكَ وَعَلَىٰ أُمَمٍ مِّمَّن مَّعَكَ ۚ وَأُمَمٌ سَنُمَتِّعُهُمْ ثُمَّ يَمَسُّهُم مِّنَّا عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ" (الآية ٤٨). ومع مرورِ الزمنِ وسيرِ التاريخِ تحقّق وعدُ الله. وكان قومُ عادٍ وثمودُ من ذرّيةِ نوحٍ ﷺ الذين تفرّقوا في الأرض، وكلتا الأمّتين استحقّت العقوبة:
“The future belongs to those who are God-fearing.” (Verse 49). God’s promise to Noah is summed up in the following verse: “The word was spoken: ‘Noah, disembark in peace from Us, and with Our blessings upon you as well as upon generations from those who are with you. As for other folk, We shall let them have enjoyment, and then there will befall them grievous suffering from Us.’” (Verse 48) As time passed and history took its course, God’s promise was fulfilled. The `Ād were part of Noah’s offspring who dispersed on earth, as were the Thamūd. Both of these communities deserved to be punished:
أَمَّا غَيْرُهُمْ فَسَنُمَتِّعُهُمْ قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ نَضْطَرُّهُمْ إِلَىٰ عَذَابٍ غَلِيظٍ. وَقَدْ دَارَتِ الدَّوْرَةُ كَامِلَةً، وَعَادَتْ قُوَى الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ إِلَى سَطْوَتِهَا وَسُلْطَانِهَا.
“As for other folk, We shall let them have enjoyment, and then there will befall them grievous suffering from Us.” A full cycle had turned and the forces of jāhiliyyah were back in full sway.
تعاقبت أجيالٌ لا يعلم عددَها إلا الله من البشر، ولا بد أنهم عاشوا ثم مضوا، وقد هداهم الخضوعُ الحقُّ لله. ومعنى ذلك أنهم عاشوا وفق الإسلام، وهو دينُ أبويهم آدمَ وحواء. وظلّوا على ذلك حتى أغوى الشيطانُ أولئك عن الصراط المستقيم، فأفضى ذلك بدوره إلى نوعٍ من الجاهلية التي واجهها نوح. غير أن نوحًا (عليه السلام) نجّاه الله وأتباعَه. أما بقيةُ البشر فقد أُهلكوا بالطوفان استجابةً لدعوة نوح. ومرةً أخرى، تبنّت أجيالٌ عديدة لا يعلمها إلا الله مبدأَ الخضوع لله أساسًا لنظامها الاجتماعي، واستمرّت على ذلك حتى تمكّن الشيطانُ من إضلالها مرةً أخرى.
Successive generations of mankind, whose number is known only to God, must have lived and passed away, having been guided by true submission to God. This means that they lived according to Islam, which was the faith of their parents, Adam and Eve. They remained so until Satan cajoled them from the straight path, which, in turn, gave rise to the kind of jāhiliyyah Noah faced. Noah (peace be upon him), however, was saved with his followers by God. The rest of mankind were destroyed in the floods, in response to Noah’s prayers. Again, numerous generations, known only to God, adopted as the basis of their social order the principle of submission to God. They continued to do so until Satan was able once again to cause them to stray.
الصحة والمطر والمتقون
Health, Rain And The God-fearing
وَإِلَىٰ عَادٍ أَخَاهُمْ هُودًا ۚ قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا لَكُم مِّنْ إِلَٰهٍ غَيْرُهُ ۖ إِنْ أَنتُمْ إِلَّا مُفْتَرُونَ ﴿٥٠﴾ يَا قَوْمِ لَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرًا ۖ إِنْ أَجْرِيَ إِلَّا عَلَى الَّذِي فَطَرَنِي ۚ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ ﴿٥١﴾ وَيَا قَوْمِ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ ثُمَّ تُوبُوا إِلَيْهِ يُرْسِلِ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْكُم مِّدْرَارًا وَيَزِدْكُمْ قُوَّةً إِلَىٰ قُوَّتِكُمْ وَلَا تَتَوَلَّوْا مُجْرِمِينَ ﴿٥٢﴾
To `Ād, We sent their brother Hūd. He said: My people! Worship God alone; you have no deity other than Him. You are indeed inventors of falsehood. No reward do I ask of you, my people, for this [message]. My reward rests with Him who brought me into being. Will you not, then, use your reason? My people! Seek your Lord’s forgiveness, and then turn to Him in repentance. He will cause the sky to rain abundance on you, and will add strength to your strength. Do not turn away as guilty criminals.’ (Verses 50-52)
كان هود من قبيلة عاد. فهو إذن أخوهم، مرتبط بهم بروابط الدم التي تجمع أبناء القبيلة الواحدة. وقد أُكِّدت هذه الصلة هنا لأنها ينبغي أن تولّد الثقة والرحمة والنصيحة الصادقة بين الإخوة. ومن ثَمّ يبدو موقفهم من أخيهم ونبيّهم غريبًا جدًّا ومستنكرًا إلى أبعد حد. وينشأ الافتراق بين عاد وأخيهم بسبب خلاف عقدي. وبذلك يُؤكَّد بقوة أن جميع الروابط تفقد قيمتها حين لا يوجد رابط الإيمان. ولهذا تُعطى هذه الرابطة مكانة بارزة في المجتمع الإسلامي، فيتضح تمامًا طبيعة الإيمان الإسلامي ومنهج عمله.
Hūd belonged to the tribe of `Ād. He was, then, their brother, tied to them by the blood relations that bind all tribesmen. This tie is emphasized here because it should generate confidence, compassion and honest counsel between brethren. Hence, their attitude towards their brother and prophet seems very odd and exceedingly repugnant. The parting of the ways between the `Ād and their brother comes about because of an ideological conflict. Thus the concept of the invalidity of all ties when the bond of faith is non-existent is strongly emphasized. This bond is thus given prominence in Islamic society, making absolutely clear the nature of Islamic faith and its line of action.
هود يبدأ دعوته معترفًا بأنه وقومه ينتمون إلى مجتمع واحد. إنهم متّحدون معًا بروابط الأسرة والعشيرة والقبيلة والأرض. غير أنهم ينتهون أمّتين مختلفتين: أمة خاضعة لله، وأخرى تعبد آلهة إلى جانبه. والأمتان في صراع. ولا يتحقق وعد الله بنصر المؤمنين وإهلاك الكافرين إلا عند افتراق الطريقين، وتمييز الفريقين بوضوح وانفصالهما. فيتبرأ النبي ﷺ والذين آمنوا معه بالله من قومهم، ويعدّون جميع صلاتهم السابقة بهم باطلة.
Hūd commences his call recognizing that he and his people belong to the same community. They are united together by ties of family, clan, tribe and land. They end up, however, as two different nations: one submissive to God and another worshipping deities beside Him. The two are in conflict. God’s promise to give victory to the believers and to destroy the unbelievers comes to pass only when the parting of the ways takes place and the two sides are clearly distinguished and separated. The Prophet and those who believe in God with him disassociate themselves from their people and consider all their former ties with them as invalid.
درس في الجدال العقيم
A Lesson In Futile Argument
هذا كان مجمل الرسالة التي قدّمها هود إلى قومه. ويبدو أنها لم تكن مدعومة بمعجزة تُقنع أولئك الذين أصرّوا على الكفر.
Such was the sum of the message presented by Hūd to his people. It appears that it was not supported by a miracle to convince those who persisted with unbelief.
ربما كان ذلك لأن الطوفان ما زال حيًّا في ذاكرة الناس. وفي سورة أخرى تروي قصة هود وقومه نعلم أنه ذكّرهم بما حلّ بقوم نوح حين كذّبوا رسالة الله.
Perhaps this was so because the floods were still alive in people’s memories. In another sūrah that gives an account of Hūd and his people we learn that he reminded them of what happened to Noah’s people when they rejected God’s message.
لَكِنَّ قَوْمَهُ ظَلُّوا مَعَ ذَلِكَ يُسِيئُونَ الظَّنَّ بِهِ: ﴿قَالُوا يَا هُودُ مَا جِئْتَنَا بِبَيِّنَةٍ وَمَا نَحْنُ بِتَارِكِي آلِهَتِنَا عَن قَوْلِكَ وَمَا نَحْنُ لَكَ بِمُؤْمِنِينَ * إِن نَّقُولُ إِلَّا اعْتَرَاكَ بَعْضُ آلِهَتِنَا بِسُوءٍ﴾ (الأعراف: ٥٣-٥٤)
However, his people still entertained bad thoughts about him: “They replied: ‘Hūd, you have brought us no clear evidence. We are not forsaking our gods on your mere word, nor will we believe in you. All we can say is that one of our gods may have smitten you with something evil.’” (Verses 53-54)
كان قوم هود قد ضلّوا إلى حدٍّ جعلهم يظنّون أنه مختلّ العقل، وأن أحد آلهتهم قد أصابه بسوءٍ. وزعموا أن هودًا لم يأتهم بأيّ دليلٍ واضحٍ على رسالته. ولم يتفطّنوا إلى أنه لا حاجة إلى دليلٍ لإثبات وحدانية الله، فكل ما يحتاجه الناس لقبول هذه الحقيقة البديهية هو أن يُذكَّروا بها توجيهًا صحيحًا إلى المسار الفكري الذي ينبغي أن يسلكوه. كانوا بحاجةٍ فقط إلى أن يستفتوا ضمائرهم، لكنهم لم يكونوا مستعدين لذلك. فقالوا لرسول الله ﷺ صراحةً إنهم غير مستعدين لترك آلهتهم الباطلة لمجرد أن هودًا ﷺ دعاهم إلى ذلك دون دليلٍ واضحٍ على صدق رسالته. لم يصدّقوه ببساطة: { إِن نَّقُولُ إِلَّا اعْتَرَاكَ بَعْضُ آلِهَتِنَا بِسُوءٍ ۗ قَالَ إِنِّي أُشْهِدُ اللَّهَ وَاشْهَدُوا أَنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِّمَّا تُشْرِكُونَ } ... وما نحن بتاركي آلهتنا عن قولك وما نحن لك بمؤمنين. (الآية 53)
Hūd’s people had gone so far astray that they thought him deranged, that one of their deities had smitten him with something evil. They claimed that Hūd did not bring them any clear evidence of his message. Little did they consider that no evidence is needed to prove God’s oneness. All that people need to accept this truism is to be properly reminded of it and guided on the line of thought they should follow. They only needed to consult their consciences. They were, however, not prepared to do that. They told God’s Messenger point blank that they were not prepared to abandon their false gods just because he, Hūd, encouraged them to do so, without clear proof of the truthfulness of his message. They simply did not believe him: “We are not forsaking our gods on your mere word, nor will we believe in you.” (Verse 53)
هلاکِ عاد
Destruction Of The `ād
قَالَ: ﴿إِنِّي أُشْهِدُ اللَّهَ وَاشْهَدُوا أَنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِمَّا تُشْرِكُونَ﴾ (الآية 54) أُشْهِدُ اللَّهَ أَنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِمَّا تُشْرِكُونَ بِهِ مِنْ شُرَكَاءَ لَهُ. وَاشْهَدُوا أَنْتُمْ لِي أَنِّي تَبَرَّأْتُ مِنْ جَمِيعِ آلِهَتِكُمُ الْبَاطِلَةِ. فَأَجْمِعُوا كَيْدَكُمْ جَمِيعًا، أَنْتُمْ وَجَمِيعُ آلِهَتِكُمُ الَّتِي تَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهَا أَصَابَتْنِي بِسُوءٍ، وَدَبِّرُوا مَكْرَكُمْ ضِدِّي، وَلَا تُنْظِرُونِ، فَإِنِّي لَا أَخَافُ مِنْكُمْ شَيْئًا. ﴿إِنِّي تَوَكَّلْتُ عَلَى اللَّهِ رَبِّي وَرَبِّكُمْ﴾ (الآية 56) وَمَعَ إِنْكَارِكُمْ وَرَفْضِكُمْ، تَبْقَى الْحَقِيقَةُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ رَبُّنَا جَمِيعًا، وَهُوَ وَحْدَهُ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ، لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ.
“He said: ‘I call God to witness, and you, too, bear witness, that I disassociate myself from all those you claim to be partners with God.’” (Verse 54) I call God to be my witness that I am innocent of all those you associate with Him as His partners. You also should testify for me that I have disclaimed all your false gods. Assemble together, all of you and all your invented gods whom you claim to have smitten me with evil and scheme together against me, giving me not a moment’s notice, for I do not fear anything from you. “Indeed I have placed my trust in God, my Lord and your Lord.” (Verse 56) Your denials and rejection notwithstanding, the truth remains that God is the Lord of us all. He is indeed the only Lord of the universe. He has no partners.
"ما من دابّة إلّا هو آخذٌ بناصيتها" (الآية 56). وهذه صورة حقيقية لقدرة الله؛ فهي تصوّره سبحانه وهو آخذٌ بناصية كلّ مخلوق يدبّ على الأرض، سواء كان إنسانًا أو حيوانًا. وله سلطان عليهم جميعًا. وقد جاءت هذه القدرة مصوَّرةً بقوّةٍ تتناسب تمامًا مع قوّة الناس وغلظتهم وقسوة قلوبهم الذين كان هود عليه السلام يخاطبهم. ويعقب ذلك بيانٌ بأنّ سنن الله لا تتخلّف: "إنّ ربّي على صراطٍ مستقيم" (الآية 56). وكلّ هذا يعكس الجمعَ بين قوّة هود وعزيمته. فلِمَ يخشى شيئًا قد تُلحقه عادٌ به، وهي لا تملك عليه سلطانًا إلّا بإذن الله؟
“There is no living creature which He does not hold by its forelock.” (Verse 56) This is a very real image of God’s power. It portrays Him as holding every creature24 that walks on the earth by its forelock, whether man or animal. He has indeed power over them all. His power is depicted so vividly that it fits well with the strength, roughness and insensibility of the people Hūd was addressing. This is followed by a statement that divine laws never fail: “Straight indeed is my Lord’s way.” (Verse 56) All this reflects the combination of Hūd’s strength and determination. Why should he fear anything the `Ād may cause when they cannot have power over him unless God wills?
عندما يشعر داعيةُ دينِ الله بهذه الحقيقة في داخله، لا يبقى لديه أيُّ شكٍّ في مصيره. فلا يتردّد في المضيّ في طريقه. والحقيقةُ التي نعنيها هنا هي حقيقةُ الألوهية، التي يشعر بها بوضوحٍ أولئك الذين يؤمنون بالله إيمانًا صادقًا.
یہاں یہ ذکر کرنا ضروری ہے کہ قرآن میں 'دابۃ' (جاندار مخلوق) کا لفظ عموماً جانوروں کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔ اپنے وسیع مفہوم میں، جیسا کہ اس مقام پر، یہ لفظ تمام جانداروں کے لیے آتا ہے۔ تاہم، اس کے محدود معنی یعنی جانوروں کے مفہوم کی جھلک ہمیشہ موجود رہتی ہے۔ — مدیر کا نوٹ۔
24 It should be mentioned here that the word used in the Qur’ān for `living creature’ generally refers to animals. In its broader use, as in this instance, it refers to all living creatures. Shades of its narrower meaning, i.e. animals, however, are always present. — Editor’s note.
محلُّ النزاعِ الحقيقي
The Real Issue Of Contention
لنتوقف هنا قليلاً لنتأمل بإيجاز في تاريخ هود مع قومه، في سياق السورة. فالقرآن يعرض هذه القصة من تاريخ الدعوة إلى الإسلام القديمة الممتدة، ليضع معالم للدعاة إلى الإسلام في كل الأجيال. وهذه المعالم لا تخص الجماعة المسلمة الأولى وحدها، أولى من خاطبها القرآن، وأولى من جعلته دستورها العملي في مواجهة الجاهلية، بل تخص كل جماعة مسلمة تقف في وجه الجاهلية في أي مكان من العالم وفي أي زمان. وهذا ما يجعل القرآن الدستور الدائم للرسالة الإسلامية، والدليل العملي لكل حركة إسلامية.
Let us pause here a little to reflect briefly on the history of Hūd with his people, within the context of the sūrah. The Qur’ān gives this account of the history of the age-old call to Islam in order to provide landmarks for the advocates of Islam throughout all generations. These landmarks are not only relevant to the first Muslim community, the first to be addressed by the Qur’ān, and the first to make it its operational guide as opposed to jāhiliyyah, but also to every Muslim community which stands up to jāhiliyyah anywhere in the world, at any time. This is what makes the Qur’ān the permanent constitution of the Islamic message and the manual of every Islamic movement.
كلما ذكر القرآن الكريم مجيء أي رسول أرسله الله إلى قوم، ينقل قوله لهم: «يا قوم اعبدوا الله وحده، ما لكم من إله غيره». وقد بيّنتُ مراراً أن «اعبدوا الله وحده» تعني الخضوع التام لله وحده في جميع الأمور التي تتعلق بهذه الحياة أو بالآخرة.
Every time the Qur’ān mentions the approach of any messenger sent by God to any people, it quotes the messenger as saying: ‘My people, worship God alone. You have no deity other than Him. “I have repeatedly stated that ‘worship God alone” means total submission to Him alone in all matters which relate to this life or to the hereafter.
هذا هو المعنى الأصلي للكلمة فعلاً. تُثبت المعاجم أن لفظ «عَبَدَ» [الذي نستعمله اليوم بالدرجة الأولى للدلالة على العبادة] يعني: الخضوع والانقياد وأن ينزل المرء عن رتبته لغيره. والطريق المُعبَّد هو الطريق الذي سُوّيَ وذُلِّل ليسهل السير فيه. و«عَبَّدَ» تعني استعبد، أي جعل غيره يخضع له. ولم يقصر العرب الذين خوطبوا بالقرآن أولاً معنى «العبادة» على مجرد الشعائر التعبدية، بل إن العرب حين خوطبوا بهذا اللفظ في مكة لم تكن قد فُرضت عليهم بعدُ شعائر تعبدية، وإنما فهموا منه أنهم مطالبون بأن يخضعوا لله وحده في جميع شؤون حياتهم، وأن يتبرؤوا من الخضوع لغيره. وقد عرّف النبيّ ﷺ «العبادة» في أحد أحاديثه بأنها «الطاعة»، لا بأنها تقديم الشعائر التعبدية، وذلك حين أجاب عَدِيَّ بن حاتم عن اليهود والنصارى واتخاذهم أحبارهم ورهبانهم أرباباً.
This is indeed the original meaning of the word. The dictionary shows the word `abada [which we now use primarily to denote worship] as meaning: to yield, submit and to lower one’s rank to another. A mu`abbad road is one which has been levelled to facilitate travelling. `Abbada is to enslave; that is, to cause someone to submit to another. The Arabs who were first addressed by the Qur’ān did not confine the import of the term `abada to mere worship rituals. Indeed, when the Arabs were first addressed by this term in Makkah, no worship rituals had then been assigned to them. They understood it to mean that they were required to submit themselves to God alone in all their life affairs and to renounce submission to anyone else. The Prophet defined ‘worship’ in one of his pronouncements as meaning ‘compliance’, not as offering worship rituals. He was answering `Ādī ibn Ĥātim’s question about the Jews and the Christians and their treatment of their rabbis and monks as gods.
الإيمان، والحق، وصلاح الإنسان
Faith, The Truth And Human Welfare
ولنتوقف الآن قليلاً لنستمع إلى النبي هود وهو يخاطب قومه: ﴿يَا قَوْمِ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ ثُمَّ تُوبُوا إِلَيْهِ يُرْسِلِ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْكُم مِّدْرَارًا وَيَزِدْكُمْ قُوَّةً إِلَىٰ قُوَّتِكُمْ وَلَا تَتَوَلَّوْا مُجْرِمِينَ﴾ [هود: 52]. وهذا هو المعنى نفسه الذي ورد في أول السورة، حين دعا النبي محمد ﷺ قومه إلى الإيمان بالإسلام: ﴿وَأَنِ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ ثُمَّ تُوبُوا إِلَيْهِ يُمَتِّعْكُم مَّتَاعًا حَسَنًا إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى وَيُؤْتِ كُلَّ ذِي فَضْلٍ فَضْلَهُ وَإِن تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ كَبِيرٍ﴾ [هود: 3]. ﴿مَا أَنَا إِلَّا رَسُولٌ﴾ ... دون أن يُوحَى إليه أنه لا إله إلا أنا.
Let us now pause a little to listen to the Prophet Hūd speaking to his people: “My people! Seek your Lord’s forgiveness, and then turn to Him in repentance. He will cause the sky to rain abundance on you, and will add strength to your strength. Do not turn away as guilty criminals.” (Verse 52) It is the same idea mentioned at the beginning of the sūrah, when the Prophet Muĥammad called on his people to believe in Islam: “Seek forgiveness of your Lord, and then turn towards Him in repentance, and He will grant you a goodly enjoyment of life for an appointed term. He will grant everyone with merit a fill reward for his merit. But if you turn away, I dread for you the suffering of a great Day.” (Verse 3) “messenger without having revealed to him that there is no deity other than Me.
فَاعْبُدُونِ (21: 16-25)
Therefore, you shall worship Me alone.” (21: 16-25)
أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِن كُنتُمْ فِي رَيْبٍ مِّنَ الْبَعْثِ فَإِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُم مِّن تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ مِن نُّطْفَةٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ عَلَقَةٍ ثُمَّ مِن مُّضْغَةٍ مُّخَلَّقَةٍ وَغَيْرِ مُخَلَّقَةٍ لِّنُبَيِّنَ لَكُمْ ۚ وَنُقِرُّ فِي الْأَرْحَامِ مَا نَشَاءُ إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى ثُمَّ نُخْرِجُكُمْ طِفْلًا ثُمَّ لِتَبْلُغُوا أَشُدَّكُمْ ۖ وَمِنكُم مَّن يُتَوَفَّىٰ وَمِنكُم مَّن يُرَدُّ إِلَىٰ أَرْذَلِ الْعُمُرِ لِكَيْلَا يَعْلَمَ مِن بَعْدِ عِلْمٍ شَيْئًا ۚ وَتَرَى الْأَرْضَ هَامِدَةً فَإِذَا أَنزَلْنَا عَلَيْهَا الْمَاءَ اهْتَزَّتْ وَرَبَتْ وَأَنبَتَتْ مِن كُلِّ زَوْجٍ بَهِيجٍ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْحَقُّ وَأَنَّهُ يُحْيِي الْمَوْتَىٰ وَأَنَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ وَأَنَّ السَّاعَةَ آتِيَةٌ لَّا رَيْبَ فِيهَا وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْعَثُ مَن فِي الْقُبُورِ [سورة الحج: ٥-٧]
Mankind! If you are in doubt as to the resurrection, remember that We have created you out of dust, then out of a drop of sperm, then out of a germ-cell, then out of an embryonic lump complete and yet incomplete, so that We might make things clear to you. We cause to rest in the [mothers] wombs whatever We please for an appointed term, and then We bring you forth as infants, that you may grow up and attain your prime. Some of you die young, and some live on to abject old age when all that they once knew they know no more. You can see the earth dry and barren; and [suddenly,] when We send down water upon it, it stirs and swells and puts forth every kind of radiant bloom. That is because God alone is the Ultimate Truth; and He alone brings the dead to life; and He has the power to will anything. And that the Last Hour is certain to come, beyond any doubt; and that God will certainly resurrect all who are in their graves. (22: 5-7)
الآمال العالية، والغرور، والمصير المحزن
High Hopes, Arrogance And A Woeful Doom
لنمضِ الآن إلى السورة ولنتأمل الروايةَ التي تقدمها عن النبي صالح عليه السلام وقومه ثمود: ﴿وَإِلَىٰ ثَمُودَ أَخَاهُمْ صَالِحًا ۚ قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ مَا لَكُم مِّنْ إِلَٰهٍ غَيْرُهُ ۖ هُوَ أَنشَأَكُم مِّنَ الْأَرْضِ وَاسْتَعْمَرَكُمْ فِيهَا فَاسْتَغْفِرُوهُ ثُمَّ تُوبُوا إِلَيْهِ ۚ إِنَّ رَبِّي قَرِيبٌ مُّجِيبٌ﴾ (هود: ٦١)
Let us now move on with the sūrah and look at the account it gives of the Prophet Şāliĥ and his people, Thamūd: “To Thamūd, We sent their brother Şāliĥ. He said: ‘My people! Worship God alone. You have no deity other than Him. He it is who brought you into being out of the earth and settled you therein. Seek His forgiveness and then turn to Him in repentance. My Lord is ever near. He answers all.’” (Verse 61)
نجد هنا مرة أخرى الكلمات نفسها التي تبيّن المسألة الأساسية ذاتها، والمسلك نفسه الذي ينبغي اتباعه. يدعو صالح الناس إلى الإيمان بوحدانية الله، وإلى طلب مغفرته، وإلى الشعور بحضوره معهم حيثما كانوا وأيًّا كان ما يفعلون. ويذكّرهم صالح أيضًا بأنهم مخلوقون من الأرض. وهذا يشير إلى أصل الجنس البشري، كما يشير إلى أن كل إنسان يعتمد في نموه على الغذاء الذي يحصل عليه من الأرض، أو من العناصر المتوفرة فيها. ومع هذا الأصل، فقد جُعلوا مستخلفين في الأرض، وكُلِّفوا بعمارتها. ينطبق هذا على الجنس البشري عمومًا، وعلى ثمود بوجه خاص في حقبتهم من التاريخ.
We again encounter the same words outlining the same basic issue, and the same course of action. Şāliĥ calls on people to believe in God’s oneness, to seek His forgiveness and to feel His presence with them wherever they are and whatever they are doing. Şāliĥ also reminds them that they originate from the earth. This refers to the origin of the human race as well as to the fact that every human being depends on the nourishment that he receives from the earth, or from the elements which are available in it, for his growth. Despite this origin they are put in charge of the earth and given the task of building it. This applies to the human race generally and to the Thamūd in particular, in their period of history.
ومع كل هذا، فإن ذلك لا يثني قومه عن إشراك الشركاء مع الله. ولذلك يدعوهم صالح إلى أن «يستغفروه ثم يتوبوا إليه». (الآية 61) فإن فعلوا ذلك استجاب لهم وأجاب دعاءهم: «إن ربي قريب مجيب». (الآية 61) ولاحظ هنا استعمال ضمير الملكية «ربي» والصفتين اللتين اختيرتا هنا: «قريب مجيب». وهما إذ تأتيان متلاصقتين، تعطيان الانطباع بحقيقة الألوهية كما يشعر بها أحد المختارين من خاصة المؤمنين. إنهما تضفيان جوًّا من الود والرحمة والاتصال الحقيقي بين قلب النبي الرحيم وقلوب قومه.
All this, however, does not deter them from associating partners with God. Şāliĥ, therefore, calls on them to “Seek His forgiveness and then turn to Him in repentance.” (Verse 61) If they do so, He will respond favourably and answer their prayers: ‘My Lord is ever near. He answers all.” (Verse 61) Note here the use of the possessive pronoun “My Lord” and the attributes which are chosen here, “ever near, He answers all.” Coming so close together, they give the impression of the reality of Godhead as felt by one of the chosen elite of believers. They impart an air of friendliness, compassion and very real contact between the benevolent prophet’s heart and the hearts of his audience.
التشابهات التاريخية
Historical Similarities
هذه حلقة أخرى من تاريخ الرسالة الإلهية إلى البشرية. إنها الرسالة ذاتها، تتحدث عن جوهر الإسلام بمعناه الواسع.
This is another episode of the history of the divine message to mankind. It is the same message, speaking about the essence of Islam, in the broad sense of the word:
أن يعبدوا الله ويخضعوا له وحده، دون أن يُشركوا به شيئًا. ومرةً أخرى نجد أنفسنا أمام حالةٍ من الجاهلية نتجت عن الانحراف عن الدين الإلهي القائم على توحيد الله. فقد انحدَرت ثمود، كما فعلت عادٌ من قبلها، من المؤمنين الذين نجَوا في سفينة نوح، لكنهم انحرفوا عن الدين الحق، فوقعوا في حالٍ مروّعةٍ من الجاهلية. وقد أُرسل صالحٌ ليُعيدهم إلى الدين الحق.
to worship God and submit to Him alone, associating no partners with Him. Again we are faced with a state of jāhiliyyah that follows deviation from the divine faith based on God’s oneness. Like the `Ād before them, the Thamūd descended from the believers saved in Noah’s ark, but they deviated from the right faith and ended up in a dreadful state of jāhiliyyah. Şāliĥ was sent to return them to the true faith.
أُعطُوا آيةً معجزةً كما طلبوا، لكنّ ذلك لم يَقُدْهم إلى الإيمان؛ بل زادهم عداوةً، فذبحوا الناقةَ ذبحًا بقسوةٍ وظُلمٍ.
They are given a miraculous sign, as they asked for, but this does not lead them to believe; rather, it makes them more hostile and they cruelly slaughter the she-camel.
وطلب المشركون العرب أيضًا من النبي ﷺ أن يأتيهم بآيةٍ معجزةٍ تعينهم على قبول رسالته. لكنّ الآية التي أُعطيها قوم صالحٍ لم تنفعهم شيئًا. والإيمانُ بالله لا يحتاج إلى معجزات، فالرسالةُ بسيطةٌ ومباشرةٌ لمن نظر إليها بعقلٍ صافٍ. أما الجاهليةُ فتختمُ على القلوب والعقول، فتترك أهلها في حالةٍ من الجهل.
The Arab idolaters also demanded that the Prophet bring them some miraculous sign to help them accept his message. But the sign given to Şāliĥ’s people benefitted them nothing. To believe in God does not require miracles: the message is both simple and straightforward when approached with clear thinking. Jāhiliyyah, however, seals both hearts and minds leaving people in a state of ignorance.
هنا نجد مرة أخرى حقيقةَ الألوهية متجلّيةً في قلب أحد الرسل الكرام المختارين لتبليغ رسالته. يقول صالحٌ، كما نقل القرآن عنه: ﴿قَالَ يَا قَوْمِ أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُ عَلَىٰ بَيِّنَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّي وَآتَانِي رَحْمَةً مِنْ عِنْدِهِ فَمَنْ يَنْصُرُنِي مِنَ اللَّهِ إِنْ عَصَيْتُهُ ۖ فَمَا تَزِيدُونَنِي غَيْرَ تَخْسِيرٍ﴾ (الآية 63). وإنما قال ذلك بعد أن وصف لهم ربَّه وصفًا واضحًا كما يشعر بحضوره في قلبه: ﴿إِنَّ رَبِّي قَرِيبٌ مُجِيبٌ﴾ (الآية 61).
Again we find here the truth of Godhead as manifested in the heart of one of the noble messengers chosen to deliver His message. It is stated by Şāliĥ, as he is quoted in the Qur’ān: “Think, my people! If I take my stand on a clear evidence from my Lord who has bestowed on me His grace, who will save me from God were I to disobey Him? You are, in such a case, only aggravating my ruin.” (Verse 63) He says this after having given them a clear description of his Lord as he feels His presence in his own heart: “My Lord is ever near. He answers all.” (Verse 61)