I notice that "Al-Hashr (The Gathering) 1-24" is a heading and reference rather than a passage of text, but per your instructions I translate what is given. Here is the translation: سورۃ الحشر (الحشر) 1-24
Al-Hashr (The Gathering) 1-24
بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ يُسَبِّحُ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۚ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ (1)
In the Name of God, the Lord of Grace, the Ever Merciful Everything in the heavens and everything on earth extols God’s limitless glory. He is the Almighty, the Wise. (1)
هُوَ الَّذِي أَخْرَجَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ لِأَوَّلِ الْحَشْرِ ۚ مَا ظَنَنْتُمْ أَنْ يَخْرُجُوا ۖ وَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُمْ مَانِعَتُهُمْ حُصُونُهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ
It is He who drove the unbelievers among the people of earlier revelations out of their homes at the first gathering. You never thought they would go; while they thought that their fortifications would protect them against God.
أتاهمُ اللهُ من حيثُ لم يحتسبوا، وقذفَ في قلوبهم الرعبَ، فكانوا يُخرّبون بيوتهم بأيديهم وأيدي المؤمنين. فاعتبروا يا أولي الأبصار. (2)
God came upon them from where they had not expected, casting terror into their hearts. Thus, they destroyed their homes by their own hands, as well as the hands of the believers. Learn from their example, you who are endowed with insight. (2)
وَلَوْلَا أَنْ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْجَلَاءَ لَعَذَّبَهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا
Had it not been for God’s having decreed exile for them, He would surely have inflicted [greater] suffering on them in this world.
وَهُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ يُعَانُونَ الْعَذَابَ بِالنَّارِ
In the life to come they will still endure suffering through the fire (3)
ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ شَاقُّوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ۚ وَمَن يُشَاقِّ اللَّهَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ ﴿٤﴾
because they have defied God and His Messenger. Whoever defies God — well, God is severe in retribution. (4)
مَا قَطَعْتُم مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَائِمَةً عَلَىٰ أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَلِيُخْزِيَ الْفَاسِقِينَ
Whatever of their palm trees you [believers] may have cut down or left standing on their roots, it was done by Gods leave, so that He might disgrace the transgressors.
(5)
(5)
وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُ عَلَىٰ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
Whatever gains were taken from them God has turned over to His Messenger; you did not have to spur horse or riding-camel for its sake. God gives His messengers mastery over whomever He wills.
إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
God has power over all things.
(6)
(6)
وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَىٰ فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْيَتَامَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ كَيْ لَا يَكُونَ دُولَةً بَيْنَ الْأَغْنِيَاءِ مِنْكُمْ ۚ وَمَا آتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ ۖ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا
Whatever gains God turns over to His Messenger from the people of the townships belong to God, the Messenger, kinsfolk, orphans, the needy and the traveller in need. Thus, they would not just circulate among those of you who are rich. Whatever the Messenger gives you, take it; and whatever he forbids you, abstain from it.
واتَّقُوا اللهَ؛ فَإِنَّ اللهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ. (٧)
Remain God-fearing; for God is severe in retribution. (7)
{لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِن دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلًا مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَانًا وَيَنصُرُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الصَّادِقُونَ} [الحشر: ٨]
[Such gains are for] the poor migrants who have been driven out of their homes and possessions, seeking God’s favour and His goodly acceptance, and who help God and His Messenger. These are the ones who are true. (8)
وَالَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُوا الدَّارَ وَالْإِيمَانَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ يُحِبُّونَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَلَا يَجِدُونَ فِي صُدُورِهِمْ حَاجَةً مِّمَّا أُوتُوا وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَىٰ أَنفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ ۚ وَمَن يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ ﴿٩﴾
And to those who were already firmly established in the Home and in faith, those who love the ones that seek refuge with them and harbour no desire in their hearts for whatever the others may have been given. They give them preference over themselves, even though they are in want. Those who are saved from their own greed are truly successful. (9)
وَالَّذِينَ جَاءُوا مِن بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ
Those who come after them pray:
"رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلِإِخْوَانِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالْإِيمَانِ، وَلَا تَجْعَلْ فِي قُلُوبِنَا غِلًّا لِّلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا"
‘Our Lord! Forgive us and forgive our brethren who preceded us in faith. Leave no malice in our hearts towards those who believe.
"رَبَّنَا إِنَّكَ رَءُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ" (10)
Lord, You are compassionate, ever merciful.’ (10)
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ نَافَقُوا يَقُولُونَ لِإِخْوَانِهِمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ لَئِنْ أُخْرِجْتُمْ لَنَخْرُجَنَّ مَعَكُمْ وَلَا نُطِيعُ فِيكُمْ أَحَدًا أَبَدًا وَإِنْ قُوتِلْتُمْ لَنَنْصُرَنَّكُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ إِنَّهُمْ لَكَاذِبُونَ (11)
Are you not aware of those hypocrites who say to their brethren who disbelieve among the people of earlier revelations, if you are driven out, we shall most certainly go with you, and shall never pay heed to anyone against you; and if you are attacked, we shall most certainly come to your aid’? God bears witness that they are indeed liars. (11)
إِنْ أُخْرِجُوا لَا يَخْرُجُونَ مَعَهُمْ، وَإِنْ قُوتِلُوا لَا يَنْصُرُونَهُمْ.
If they are driven out, they will not go with them; and if they are attacked, they will not help them.
وَلَئِنْ نُصِرُوا لَيُوَلُّنَّ الْأَدْبَارَ ثُمَّ لَا يُنْصَرُونَ
Even if they come to their aid, they will most certainly turn their backs in flight; and in the end they will have no help. (12)
لَأَنتُمْ أَشَدُّ رَهْبَةً فِي صُدُورِهِم مِّنَ اللَّهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَّا يَفْقَهُونَ
You, [believers,] arouse in their hearts a fear more intense than their fear of God, because they are devoid of understanding. (13)
لَا يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ جَمِيعًا إِلَّا فِي قُرًى مُحَصَّنَةٍ أَوْ مِنْ وَرَاءِ جُدُرٍ
They will never fight you even in a body except from within fortified strongholds or from behind walls.
شديدٌ عداؤهم الداخليّ.
Strong is their internal hostility.
تَحْسَبُهُمْ جَمِيعًا وَقُلُوبُهُمْ شَتَّى ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَّا يَعْقِلُونَ
You may think that they are united when in fact their hearts are at odds with one another, because they are people who will not use their reason. (14)
كَالَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ بِقَلِيلٍ ذَاقُوا وَبَالَ أَمْرِهِمْ
Like those who, a short while before them, had to taste the evil that came from their own doings.
لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ (١٥)
Painful suffering is in store for them. (15)
كَمَثَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ إِذْ قَالَ لِلْإِنسَانِ اكْفُرْ فَلَمَّا كَفَرَ قَالَ إِنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِّنكَ إِنِّي أَخَافُ اللَّهَ رَبَّ الْعَالَمِينَ (16)
Like Satan, who says to man, ‘Reject the faith!’ Yet when man disbelieves, Satan says, ‘I here and now disown you. I fear God, the Lord of all the worlds.’ (16)
أَنَّ كِلَيْهِمَا فِي النَّارِ خَالِدَيْنِ فِيهَا ۚ وَذَٰلِكَ جَزَاءُ الظَّالِمِينَ
Both will end up in the fire, where they will abide. Such is the reward of the wrongdoers. (17)
أيها المؤمنون، اتقوا الله، ولتنظر نفسٌ ما قدّمت لغدٍ.
Believers, have fear of God. Let every soul consider carefully what it sends ahead for tomorrow.
اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ
Remain God-fearing, for God is fully aware of all that you do.
(18)
(18)
وَلَا تَكُونُوا كَالَّذِينَ نَسُوا اللَّهَ فَأَنسَاهُمْ أَنفُسَهُمْ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ (١٩)
Be not like those who forget God, so God causes them to forget their own souls. They are the transgressors. (19)
لَا يَسْتَوِي أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ وَأَصْحَابُ الْجَنَّةِ ۚ أَصْحَابُ الْجَنَّةِ هُمُ الْفَائِزُونَ ﴿٢٠﴾
Not equal are the ones destined for the fire and the ones destined for paradise. Those who are destined for paradise are indeed the ones who will triumph. (20)
لَوْ أَنْزَلْنَا هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنَ عَلَىٰ جَبَلٍ لَرَأَيْتَهُ خَاشِعًا مُتَصَدِّعًا مِنْ خَشْيَةِ اللَّهِ ۚ وَتِلْكَ الْأَمْثَالُ نَضْرِبُهَا لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ
Had We brought down this Qur’an upon a mountain, you would have seen it humble itself and break asunder for fear of God. We put such images before people so that they may reflect.
(21)
(21)
هُوَ اللَّهُ، لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ. عَالِمُ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ.
He is God: there is no deity other than Him. It is He who knows all that is beyond the reach of anyone’s perception, as well as all that which can be witnessed.
هُوَ رَبُّ الْعَفْوِ، الرَّحِيمُ الدَّائِمُ الرَّحْمَةِ. (22)
He is the Lord of Grace, the Ever Merciful. (22)
هُوَ اللَّهُ، لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ، الْمَلِكُ، الْقُدُّوسُ، السَّلَامُ، الْمُؤْمِنُ، الْمُهَيْمِنُ، الْعَزِيزُ، الْجَبَّارُ، الْمُتَكَبِّرُ.
He is God: there is no deity other than Him, the Sovereign, the Holy, the Source of Peace, the Giver of Faith, the Guardian over all, the Almighty, the Compeller, to whom all greatness belongs.
سُبْحَانَ اللهِ وَتَعَالَى عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ بِهِ مِنَ الشُّرَكَاءِ، تَنْزِيهًا لَهُ عَنْ كُلِّ نَقْصٍ. (23)
Exalted is God in His limitless glory above anything they associate as partner with Him. (23)
هُوَ اللَّهُ: الخالقُ، البارئُ، المُصَوِّرُ الذي يُعطي كلَّ شيءٍ شكلَه وصورتَه.
He is God: the Creator, the Maker who gives shape and form to all.
لَهُ الْأَسْمَاءُ الْحُسْنَىٰ
His are the most gracious names.
يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ
Everything in the heavens and earth extols His limitless glory.
وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ. (٢٤)
He alone is the Almighty, the Wise. (24)
الفعل الإلهي المباشر
God’s Direct Action
يُسَبِّحُ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۖ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ ١
Everything in the heavens and everything on earth extols God's limitless glory. He is the Almighty, the Wise. (Verse 1)
هذه الآية الافتتاحية تُقرّر حقيقةً تقع في الكون، إذ إنّ كلّ ما في السماوات والأرض يُسبّح لله ويُنزّهه، ويحمده وحده. وبهذا تبتدئ السورة التي تروي الأحداث المفضية إلى إجلاء الكافرين من أهل الكتاب عن ديارهم، وجعل أرضهم غنيمةً باردةً للمؤمنين، الذين يُسبّحون الله ويحمدونه بصفاته. وهو العزيز القادر على نصر من آمن به وإهلاك أعدائه، الحكيم الذي يُدبّر كلّ شيء وفق غايةٍ محكمة.
This opening verse states a truth that takes place in the universe, where everything in the heavens and earth extols Gods glory and praises Him alone. This is how the surah that relates the events leading to the evacuation of the unbelievers among the people of earlier revelations and giving their land as a free gain to the believers who extol His glory and praise Him with His attributes begins. It is He who is the Almighty, able to give victory to those who believe in Him and destroy His enemies, the Wise who plans everything in accordance with a definite purpose.
وَتُخْبِرُنَا السُّورَةُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِأَحْدَاثٍ أَدَّتْ إِلَى نُزُولِهَا.
The surah then gives us an account of the events leading to its revelation:
هُوَ الَّذِي أَخْرَجَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ لِأَوَّلِ الْحَشْرِ ۚ مَا ظَنَنْتُمْ أَنْ يَخْرُجُوا ۖ وَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُمْ مَانِعَتُهُمْ حُصُونُهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ ۚ فَأَتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَمْ يَحْتَسِبُوا ۖ وَقَذَفَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الرُّعْبَ ۚ يُخْرِبُونَ بُيُوتَهُمْ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَيْدِي الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ۖ فَاعْتَبِرُوا يَا أُولِي الْأَبْصَارِ وَلَوْلَا أَنْ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْجَلَاءَ لَعَذَّبَهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا ۖ وَلَهُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ عَذَابُ النَّارِ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ شَاقُّوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ۚ وَمَنْ يُشَاقِّ اللَّهَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ
It is He who drove the unbelievers among the people of earlier revelations out of their homes at the first gathering. You never thought they would go; while they thought that their fortifications would protect them against God. God came upon them from where they had not expected, casting terror into their hearts. Thus, they destroyed their homes by their own hands, as well as the hands of the believers. Learn from their example, you who are endowed with insight. Had it not been for God's having decreed exile for them, He would surely have inflicted [greater] suffering on them in this world. In the life to come they will still endure suffering through the fire because they have defied God and His Messenger.
المكاسب المحققة دون حرب
Gains Achieved Without A War
يُبيّن الجزءُ الثاني من السورة الأحكامَ المتعلقة بالغنائم التي منحها اللهُ للأمةِ المسلمةِ في هذه الغزوة وفي غزوات مماثلة، حيث حقق المسلمون النصرَ دون الحاجة إلى القتال. وتسري هذه الأحكامُ على كل نزاع تعمل فيه يدُ الله مباشرةً، دون غطاء بشري.
The second part of the surah lays down the rules concerning gains that were granted by God to the Muslim community in this encounter and in similar ones, where the Muslims achieved victory without having to fight. These rules apply to any conflict where Gods hand works directly, without human cover:
وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ ﷺ
Whatever gains were taken from them God has turned over to His Messenger; you did not have to spur horse or riding-camel for its sake.
{وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُ عَلَىٰ مَن يَشَاءُ وَاللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ} مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَىٰ فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْيَتَامَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ كَيْ لَا يَكُونَ دُولَةً بَيْنَ الْأَغْنِيَاءِ مِنكُمْ ۚ وَمَا آتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانتَهُوا ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ ﷺ {لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِن دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلًا مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَانًا وَيَنصُرُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الصَّادِقُونَ ﷺ} {وَالَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُوا الدَّارَ وَالْإِيمَانَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ يُحِبُّونَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَلَا يَجِدُونَ فِي صُدُورِهِمْ حَاجَةً مِّمَّا أُوتُوا وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَىٰ أَنفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ ۚ وَمَن يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ} {وَالَّذِينَ جَاءُوا مِن بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلِإِخْوَانِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالْإِيمَانِ وَلَا تَجْعَلْ فِي قُلُوبِنَا غِلًّا لِّلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا رَبَّنَا إِنَّكَ رَءُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ} (الآيات 6-10)
God gives His messengers mastery over whomever He wills. God has power over all things. Whatever gains God turns over to His Messenger from the people of the townships belong to God, the Messenger, kinsfolk, orphans, the needy and the traveller in need. Thus, they would not just circulate among those of you who are rich. Whatever the Messenger gives you, take it; and whatever he forbids you, abstain from it. Remain God-fearing; for God is severe in retribution. [Such gains are for] the poor migrants who have been driven out of their homes and possessions, seeking God's favour and His goodly acceptance, and who help God and His Messenger. These are the ones who are true. And to those who were already firmly established in the Home and in faith, those who love the ones that seek refuge with them and harbour no desire in their hearts for whatever the others may have been given. They give them preference over themselves, even though they are in want. Those who are saved from their own greed are truly successful. Those who come after them pray: 'Our Lord! Forgive us and forgive our brethren who preceded us in faith. Leave no malice in our hearts towards those who believe. Lord, You are compassionate, ever merciful. (Verses 6-10)
2. اختلف العلماء في أن هذا السهم هل كان يُعطى لفقراء قرابة النبي ﷺ فقط، أو كان يُعطى لجميعهم، حتى من لم يكونوا فقراء. والقول الأرجح أنهم جميعاً كانوا ينالون نصيباً.
2. Scholars differ as to whether only the poor among the Prophet’s relatives received this share, or whether it was given to all of them, even those who were not poor. The weightier view is that they all received a share.
تداول المال
Money Circulation
“ مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَىٰ فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْيَتَامَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ كَيْ لَا يَكُونَ دُولَةً بَيْنَ الْأَغْنِيَاءِ مِنْكُمْ ۚ وَمَا آتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ �and وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ ” (الحشر: 7) تُبيّن هذه الآية تفاصيل الحكم قبل أن تقرّر قاعدةً كبرى من قواعد النظام الاقتصادي والاجتماعي للأمة المسلمة: فالمال “كَيْ لَا يَكُونَ دُولَةً بَيْنَ الْأَغْنِيَاءِ مِنْكُمْ”، ويتبع ذلك قاعدةٌ دستوريةٌ كبرى: “وَمَا آتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا”. ومع أن هاتين القاعدتين وردتا في سياق الغنائم المحصّلة في هذه الواقعة وكيفية توزيعها، فإنهما تتجاوزان الحدث الآني لتقرّرا مبادئ أساسية للنظام الاجتماعي الإسلامي.
“ Whatever gains God turns over to His Messenger from the people of the townships belong to God, the Messenger, kinsfolk, orphans, the needy and the traveller in need. Thus, they would not just circulate among those of you who are rich. Whatever the Messenger gives you, take it; and whatever he forbids you, abstain from it. Remain God-fearing; for God is severe in retribution.” (Verse 7) This verse gives the details of the ruling before stating a major rule of the Muslim community’s economic and social system: thus, money “would not just circulate among those of you who are rich.” (Verse 7) This is followed by a major constitutional rule: “ Whatever the Messenger gives you, take it; and whatever he forbids you, abstain from it.” (Verse 7) Although these two rules are stated in connection with the gains made in this encounter and how they were to be distributed, both rules go beyond the immediate event to state fundamental principles for the Islamic social system.
تُعدّ القاعدة الأولى تحديدًا لجانب أساسي من النظام الاقتصادي الإسلامي، فهو يُقرّ الملكية الخاصة، لكنه يُخضعها لهذه القاعدة التي تمنع أن يقتصر تداول الثروة على الأغنياء في المجتمع. وكل وضع يؤدي إلى إقصاء الفقراء عن دورة الثروة العامة، وحصرها في أيدي الأغنياء وحدهم، يُعدّ مخالفًا للنظام الاقتصادي الإسلامي، ويتعارض مع أحد أهم أهدافه في تنظيم المجتمع. ويجب أن تُنظَّم جميع المعاملات في المجتمع المسلم بحيث لا تسمح بنشوء مثل هذا الوضع، وأن تُزال إن وُجد.
The first of these two rules defines a major aspect of the Islamic economic system which approves private ownership but makes it subject to this rule that excludes the possibility of wealth being circulated only among the rich in society. Whatever situation leads to the poor being outside the general circulation of wealth, keeping it only in the hands of the rich, is contrary to the Islamic economic system and works against one of its major social organization objectives. All transactions in the Muslim community must be so organized so as not to allow such a situation to develop, and to dismantle it if it does exist.
3. يذكر المؤلف أن زكاة إيرادات المعادن تُفرض بالنسبة نفسها المفروضة على النقود. وهذا إما خطأ، أو مبني على رأي عالم معيّن. والإجماع على خلافه، إذ إن الواجب في المعادن هو الخُمس. - ملاحظة المحررين.
3. The author mentions that the zakat revenue from mineral resources is taxed at the same percentage as money. This is either a mistake or based on a certain scholar’s view. The consensus is rather that one-fifth of mineral resources is paid to zakat. - Editors note.
4۔ اس کی تفصیل ہماری کتاب "Social Justice in Islam" کے باب "زرّی پالیسی" (Monetary Policy) میں دی گئی ہے، جو انگریزی زبان میں دستیاب ہے۔
4. This is explained in detail in a chapter on ‘monetary policy’ in our book Social Justice in Islam, which is available in Engish.
المصدر الوحيد للتشريع
The Only Source Of Legislation
الحكم الثاني الذي تقرره الآية يحدد المصدر الوحيد للتشريع: ﴿وَمَا آتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا﴾ (الآية 7). وهذه القاعدة تلخّص الدستور الإسلامي. فسلطان القانون في النظام الإسلامي قائم على أن التشريع يأتينا من النبي ﷺ في صورة القرآن أو السنة. ولا يملك المجتمع بأكمله، بما فيه الحاكم وأجهزة الحكومة، أن يسنّ أي قانون يخالف ما جاء به النبي ﷺ. فإن سنّ مثل هذا القانون، فإنه يفقد السلطة، لأنه يفتقر إلى الأساس الذي تستمد منه السلطة. وهذا النظام يخالف جميع النظريات الوضعية، بما فيها تلك التي تجعل المجتمع أو الأمة مصدر كل السلطات، فتعطي الأمة حق سنّ ما تشاء من التشريعات. أما في الإسلام فالسلطة لتشريع الله كما بيّنه رسوله ﷺ. ودور الجماعة المسلمة هو الحفاظ على الشريعة الإسلامية سليمة وتطبيقها. ويقوم الحاكم والحكومة بهذه المهمة نيابةً عن الجماعة. وهذه هي حدود الجماعة المسلمة، فلا يجوز لها أن تتصرف على خلاف ما بيّنه النبي ﷺ في أي جانب من جوانب الشريعة.
The second rule laid down in the verse defines the only source of legislation: “ Whatever the Messenger gives you, take it; and whatever he forbids you, abstain from it” (Verse 7) This rule sums up the Islamic constitution. The authority of the law in the Islamic system is based on the fact that legislation is given to us by the Prophet in the form of the Qur’an or the Sunnah. The entire community, including the ruler and government machinery, cannot enact any law that is contrary to what is given to us by the Prophet. Should it enact such a law, that law is devoid of authority, because it lacks the very basis of authority. This system is contrary to all man-made theories, including those which make the community, or the nation, the source of all authorities, giving the nation the right to enact whatever legislations it chooses. Under Islam, authority belongs to Gods legislation as stated and explained by His Messenger. The Muslim community’s role is to keep Islamic law intact and to implement it. The ruler and the government undertake this task on behalf of the community. These are the limits of the Muslim community, and it cannot act contrary to what the Prophet has stated in any aspect of the law.
في أي مجال لم يرد فيه تشريع، يجوز للمجتمع أن يسنّ ما يراه مناسبًا، بشرط ألّا يخالف أيّ مبدأ قرّره النبي ﷺ. وهذا جزء من النظام الإسلامي. وكل تشريع يُسنّ يجب أن يتّبع ما علّمه النبي ﷺ إن ورد فيه قول، وألّا يتعارض مع أي مبدأ إسلامي إن لم يرد فيه قول. وتبقى سلطة الأمة المسلمة وحكومتها ضمن هذه الحدود. وهذا نظام فريد لا يشبه أي نظام وضعي، إذ يكفل الانسجام بين التشريع للمجتمع البشري، وهو من الله، والقانون الذي يحكم الكون، وهو من تقدير الله. ولو وقع التعارض بين القانون البشري والقانون الكوني، لكان الإنسان في غاية الشقاء.
In any area where no legislation is stated, the community may enact what it deems to be suitable, provided that it is not contrary to any principle stated by the Prophet. This is part of the Islamic system. Any legislation to be enacted must follow what the Prophet taught, if there is a statement about it, and must nor be in conflict with any Islamic principle if no such statement is available. The authority of the Muslim community, and its government, remains within these limits. This is a unique system, unlike any man-made system. It ensures harmony between the legislation for human society, which is from God, and the law that governs the universe, which is set by God. Should there be conflict between human law and universal law, man would be in utter misery.
ثلاث مجموعات من التميّز
Three Groups Of Distinction
"[تَكُونُ هٰذِهِ الْغَنَائِمُ] لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلًا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَانًا وَيَنْصُرُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الصَّادِقُونَ" (الحشر: ٨) وهذه صورة صادقة تُبرز أهم صفات المهاجرين.
“ [Such gains are for] the poor migrants who have been driven out of their homes and possessions, seeking God's favour and His goodly acceptance, and who help God and His Messenger. These are the ones who are true” (Verse 8) This is a true picture highlighting the main features of the Muhajirin.
لا شك أنهم أُجبروا على مغادرة بلدتهم مكة، تحت ضغط شديد واضطهاد من أقاربهم وأبناء قبيلتهم.
They were certainly forced to flee their home town, Makkah, under much pressure and persecution by their own kinsfolk and tribesmen.
لم يرتكبوا أي ذنب سوى أنهم آمنوا بالله وحده. تركوا ديارهم وأموالهم "يبتغون فضلاً من الله ورضواناً" (الآية 8). وأدركوا أنه لا ناصر لهم ولا وليّ سواه. ومع قلّة عددهم، وملاحقتهم في كل مكان، فقد "نصروا الله ورسوله" بقلوبهم وسيوفهم، حتى في أشد الأوقات وأحرجها. ولهذا استحقّوا الوصف الحسن الذي وصفهم به القرآن: "أولئك هم الصادقون" (الآية 8). قالوا كلمة الإيمان ودلّلوا عليها بأفعالهم. كانوا صادقين في دعواهم أنهم اختاروه على كل شيء، وصادقين في عهدهم لرسول الله ﷺ أنهم سيتبعونه. كانوا صادقين مع الحق، فجعلوا من أنفسهم صورةً حيّةً له.
They committed no offence other than believing in God alone. They abandoned their homes and possessions “seeking God's favour and His goodly acceptance.” (Verse 8) They realized that they had no helper or protector other than Him. Although they were few in number, chased everywhere, they “help God and His Messenger," with their hearts and swords, even at the hardest and most critical of times. Hence, they have earned the good description given to them in the Qur’an: “ These are the ones who are true.” (Verse 8) They said the word indicating their belief and confirmed it with their actions. They were true to their claim that they had chosen Him above all else, and true to their pledge to God’s Messenger that they would follow him. They were true to the truth, making of themselves a living version of it.
﴿وَالَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُوا الدَّارَ وَالْإِيمَانَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ يُحِبُّونَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَلَا يَجِدُونَ فِي صُدُورِهِمْ حَاجَةً مِّمَّا أُوتُوا وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَىٰ أَنفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ ۚ وَمَن يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ﴾ (الآية ٩) هذه صورة أخرى مشرقة وصادقة تُبيّن أبرز سمات الأنصار رضي الله عنهم. كانوا جماعةً فريدة من الناس، حققوا في الواقع العملي مستوياتٍ يظنّ معظمُ الناس أنها مثاليةٌ أكثر من اللازم حتى تكون صحيحة، وبلغوا مراتبَ أعلى مما تتصوّره خيالاتنا.
“And to those who were already firmly established in the Home and in faith, those who love the ones that seek refuge with them and harbour no desire in their hearts for whatever the others may have been given. They give them preference over themselves, even though they are in want. Those who are saved from their own greed are truly successful.” (Verse 9) This is again a bright, true picture showing the Ansars main distinctive features. These were a unique group of people. They achieved, in practice, standards which most people would think too idealistic to be true and rose to levels that were too high even for our imaginations.
5. كتب المؤلف هذا في ذروة المدّ الشيوعي حين كانت الشيوعية تخطو خطوات واسعة في العالم الثالث عمومًا، وفي مصر على وجه الخصوص حيث كان قد سُجن، وكان الشيوعيون في صعود وغلبة. - ملاحظة المحرر.
5. The author wrote this in the heyday of Communism when it was making long strides in the Third World generally, and in Egypt specifically where he was imprisoned and Com munists were on the ascendancy. - Editors note.
الوعود الكاذبة
False Promises
تَتَحَوَّلُ السُّورَةُ الْآنَ إِلَى الْحَدِيثِ عَنِ الْحَادِثَةِ ذَاتِهَا، فَتَرْسُمُ صُورَةً لِفِئَةٍ أُخْرَى كَانَ لَهَا دَوْرٌ فِيهَا، وَهُمُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ.
The surah now turns back to discuss the event itself, painting a picture of another group that played a role in it, the hypocrites:
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ نَافَقُوا يَقُولُونَ لِإِخْوَانِهِمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ لَئِنْ أُخْرِجْتُمْ لَنَخْرُجَنَّ مَعَكُمْ وَلَا نُطِيعُ فِيكُمْ أَحَدًا أَبَدًا وَإِنْ قُوتِلْتُمْ لَنَنْصُرَنَّكُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ إِنَّهُمْ لَكَاذِبُونَ لَئِنْ أُخْرِجُوا لَا يَخْرُجُونَ مَعَهُمْ وَلَئِنْ قُوتِلُوا لَا يَنْصُرُونَهُمْ وَلَئِنْ نَصَرُوهُمْ لَيُوَلُّنَّ الْأَدْبَارَ ثُمَّ لَا يُنْصَرُونَ لَأَنْتُمْ أَشَدُّ رَهْبَةً فِي صُدُورِهِمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَا يَفْقَهُونَ لَا يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ جَمِيعًا إِلَّا فِي قُرًى مُحَصَّنَةٍ أَوْ مِنْ وَرَاءِ جُدُرٍ بَأْسُهُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ شَدِيدٌ تَحْسَبُهُمْ جَمِيعًا وَقُلُوبُهُمْ شَتَّى ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ كَمَثَلِ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ قَرِيبًا ذَاقُوا وَبَالَ أَمْرِهِمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ كَمَثَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ إِذْ قَالَ لِلْإِنْسَانِ اكْفُرْ فَلَمَّا كَفَرَ قَالَ إِنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِنْكَ إِنِّي أَخَافُ اللَّهَ رَبَّ الْعَالَمِينَ فَكَانَ عَاقِبَتَهُمَا أَنَّهُمَا فِي النَّارِ خَالِدَيْنِ فِيهَا وَذَلِكَ جَزَاءُ الظَّالِمِينَ
Are you not aware of those hypocrites who say to their brethren who disbelieve among the people of earlier revelations, *If you are driven out, we shall most certainly go with you, and shall never pay heed to anyone against you; and if you are attacked, we shall most certainly come to your aid? God bears witness that they are indeed liars. If they are driven out, they will not go with them; and if they are attacked, they will not help them. Even if they come to their aid, they will most certainly turn their backs in flight; and in the end they will have no help. You, [believers,] arouse in their hearts a fear more intense than their fear of God, because they are devoid of understanding. They will never fight you even in a body except from within fortified strongholds or from behind walls. Strong is their internal hostility. You may think that they are united when in fact their hearts are at odds with one another, because they are people who will not use their reason. Like those who, a short while before them, had to taste the evil that came from their own doings. Painful suffering is in store for them. Like Satan, who says to man, 'Reject the faith!" Yet when man disbelieves, Satan says, 7 here and now disown you. I fear God, the Lord of all the worlds.’ Both will end up in the fire, where they will abide. Such is the reward of the wrongdoers. (Verses 11-17)
تتحدث السورة عن ما قاله المنافقون لليهود من بني النضير، إذ وعدوهم بالنصرة، ثم خذلوهم وأظهروا أنهم لا يبالون بعهودهم. وكل جملة في هذه الآيات تقرر حقيقة، وتمس القلوب، وتثير المشاعر، وترسّخ مبدأ في التربية والعلم والإيمان الراسخ الذي لا يتزعزع.
6. يشير المؤلف هنا إلى المعارك التي وقعت عام 1948، عندما شاركت مجموعات من المتطوعين الإسلاميين في الحرب،ساعين إلى منع قيام دولة إسرائيل.
6. The author is referring here to the battles that took place in 1948, when groups of Islamic volunteers took part in the war, trying to prevent the establishment of the state of Israel.
لم يكن المقاتلون اليهود يخشون الجيوش العربية بقدر ما كانوا يخشون أولئك المتطوعين. - ملاحظة المحرر.
The Jewish fighters did not fear the Arab armies as much as they feared those volunteers. - Editors note.
في خطوات الشيطان
In Satan’s Footsteps
لم يكن هذا الإجلاء لبني النضير من المدينة هو الأول من نوعه، بل سبقه إجلاء بني قينقاع، وإلى ذلك يُرجَّح أن تشير الآية الآتية:
This evacuation of the al-Nadir from Madinah was not the first of its kind. It was preceded by the evacuation of the Qaynuqa( tribe, to which the following verse most probably refers:
الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ ذَاقُوا وَبَالَ أَمْرِهِمْ قَرِيبًا، وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
those who, a short while before them, had to taste the evil that came from their own doings. Painful suffering is in store for them.
(الآية ١٥)
(Verse 15)
وقعت المواجهة مع يهود بني قينقاع بعد غزوة بدر، لكن قبل غزوة أحد. وكان بنو قينقاع مرتبطين بعهد مع النبي ﷺ والمسلمين. فلما حقق المسلمون نصراً عظيماً على الكفار في بدر، غاظ ذلك اليهود وأضمروا الحقد على المسلمين. وخافوا أن يضعف موقعهم في المدينة، بينما يقوى موقع المسلمين. وعلم النبي ﷺ بما كانوا يتهامسون به فيما بينهم، واطلع على سوء نيتهم.
The encounter with the Jewish tribe of Qaynuqa( took place after the Battle of Badr, but before the Battle of Uhud. The Qaynuqa( were bound by a treaty with the Prophet and the Muslims. When the Muslims won a great victory against the unbelievers in Badr, the Jews were upset and harboured a grudge against the Muslims. They feared that their position in Madinah would be weakened while the position of the Muslims would be strengthened. The Prophet got wind of what they were whispering to one another and learnt of their ill intentions.
ذكّرهم بالعهد الذي كان قد عقده معهم، وحذّرهم من أن موقفهم هذا قد يجرّ عليهم شرًّا. فردّوا عليه بوقاحة قائلين: «يا محمد! لا تغترّ بقوتك. إنما لقيتَ قومًا لا علم لهم بفنون القتال، فتمكنتَ من أن تحقق عليهم النصر. أما إن قاتلتنا، فستعلم يقينًا أننا الرجال الحقيقيون في الحرب». ثم أتبعوا ذلك باستفزازات متكررة للمسلمين.
He reminded them of the treaty he had signed with them and warned them that their attitude might augur ill. They replied rudely to him, saying: “Muhammad! Do not think too highly of your power. You have only encountered a group who knew little about fighting a war and you managed to score a victory against them. Should you engage us in battle, you will certainly know that we are true fighters.” They followed this with repeated provocations against the Muslims.
روايات تذكر أن امرأة مسلمة حملت بعض البضائع لتبيعها في سوق بني قينقاع، وجلست قريبًا من محل صائغ. فحاول الناس هناك أن يحملوها على كشف غطاء رأسها، فأبت. فأمسك الصائغ طرف ثوبها وربطه من خلف ظهرها دون أن تشعر. فلما قامت انكشف أسفل جسدها. فضحك اليهود من حولها، وهي تصرخ من الخجل. وكان قريبًا منها رجل مسلم، فهاجم الصائغ على الفور وقتله. فاندفع اليهود نحو المسلم فقتلوه. فاستنجدت أسرة المسلم المقتول بالمسلمين الآخرين، وغضب المجتمع المسلم. فاشتد التوتر ووقعت مواجهة بين المجتمع المسلم وقبيلة بني قينقاع اليهودية.
فريقان غير متساويين
Two Unequal Groups
تُوجِّه السورة الخطاب الآن إلى المؤمنين، فتناديهم بالصفة التي يحبونها أكثر من غيرها، فتميّزهم عن سواهم وتيسّر عليهم الإقبال على الخير. فيُدعَون إلى أن يبقوا على تقوى الله، وأن يتفقّدوا ما يقدّمونه لحياتهم الآخرة، وأن يكونوا دائمَي الانتباه، وأن يحرصوا على ألّا يسيروا على خطى أولئك الأقوام السابقين الذين نسوا الله. وقد رأى المؤمنون بالفعل المصير الذي حلّ بعض هؤلاء، وهم ممن قُدِّر لهم دخول نار جهنم.
The surah now addresses the believers, calling them by the quality they love best, distinguishing them from all others and making it easy for them to be positive. They are called upon to remain God-fearing, to take stock of what they prepare for their life to come, to be always alert and make sure that they do not follow in the footsteps of those earlier people who forgot God. The believers have already seen the fate that befell some of these who are destined for the fire of hell:
يا أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا الله، ولتنظر نفس ما قدمت لغد، واتقوا الله إن الله خبير بما تعملون. ولا تكونوا كالذين نسوا الله فأنساهم أنفسهم، أولئك هم الفاسقون. لا يستوي أصحاب النار وأصحاب الجنة، أصحاب الجنة هم الفائزون.
Believers, have fear of God. Let every soul consider carefully what it sends ahead for tomorrow. Remain God fearing, for God is fully aware of all that you do. Be not like those who forget God, so God causes them to forget their own souls. They are the transgressors. Not equal are the ones destined for the fire and the ones destined for paradise. Those who are destined for paradise are indeed the ones who will triumph.
(الآیات ١٨-٢٠)
(Verses 18-20)
هذه الخشية من الله حالةٌ نفسيةٌ لا تستطيع الكلمات أن تصفها وصفاً كاملاً. إنها حالٌ يجعل القلب الإنساني يقظاً، يشعر بحضور الله في كل لحظة. وهي تُبقي الإنسان دائماً على حذر، يخشى أن يراه الله في حالٍ لا يرضاه. والمؤمن يعلم أن عين الله تُراقب كل إنسان وكل قلب في كل لحظة، فكيف يكون الإنسان في حالٍ لا يراه الله فيها، ومتى يكون ذلك؟
Such fear of God is a mental state that words cannot fully describe. It is a condition that makes the human heart alert, feeling Gods presence at every moment. It keeps man always on the watch, fearing that God may see him in a condition that displeases Him. A believer knows that Gods eye watches everyone and every heart at every moment. How and when can man be in a situation that God does not see?
"لِتَنْظُرْ نَفْسٌ مَّا قَدَّمَتْ لِغَدٍ" (الآية ١٨). وهذه أيضاً عبارة تحمل معنى يفوق مجموع ألفاظها بكثير. فمجرد التفكر فيها يضع أمام قلب الإنسان سجلَّ جميع أعماله طوال حياته. فيتأمل كل سطر فيه بعناية، ويجمع حسابه الكلي بعد النظر في كل تفصيل. فإذا فعل ذلك عرف ما قدّمه أمامه لحياته المستقبلة. وهذا ينبّهه إلى نقائصه وتقصيره، مع أنه قد عمل كثيراً من الخير. فكيف سيكون شعوره إذا أظهر رصيده الصافي قليلاً من الأعمال الصالحة؟ إن هذا من شأنه أن يُبقي القلب الإنساني يقظاً دائماً، يبحث دوماً عن السبل والوسائل لتحسين سجلّ أعماله الصالحة.
تأثير القرآن
The Influence Of The Qur’an
السورةُ الآنَ تُضيفُ تنبيهًا قويًّا يُزلزِلُ القلوبَ من أعماقها.
The surah now adds a powerful note that shakes hearts to the core.
يُصوِّر ما كان سيُحدِثه القرآنُ من أثرٍ في الصخور الصلبة لو أنه أُنزل عليها:
It portrays what effect the Qur’an would have had on solid rocks had it been so sent down:
لَوْ أَنْزَلْنَا هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنَ عَلَىٰ جَبَلٍ لَّرَأَيْتَهُ خَاشِعًا مُّتَصَدِّعًا مِّنْ خَشْيَةِ اللَّهِ ۚ وَتِلْكَ الْأَمْثَالُ نَضْرِبُهَا لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ [سورة الحشر: 21]
Had We brought down this Quran upon a mountain, you would have seen it humble itself and break asunder for fear of God. We put such images before people so that they may reflect. (Verse 21)
هذه الصورة تعكس الحقيقة. لهذا القرآن من الثقل والقوة والتأثير المزلزل ما لا يُقاوَم البتة حين نتلقّاه على حقيقته. (وقد مرّ عمر بن الخطاب بتجربة كهذه حين سمع قارئًا يتلو مطلع سورة الطور: {وَالطُّورِ * وَكِتَابٍ مَّسْطُورٍ * فِي رَقٍّ مَّنشُورٍ * وَالْبَيْتِ الْمَعْمُورِ * وَالسَّقْفِ الْمَرْفُوعِ * وَالْبَحْرِ الْمَسْجُورِ * إِنَّ عَذَابَ رَبِّكَ لَوَاقِعٌ * مَّا لَهُ مِن دَافِعٍ} (الطور: 1-8). وحين أصغى إليه، أسند ظهره إلى جدار قريب. ثم عاد إلى بيته وأصابه المرض، وظل الناس يزورونه شهرًا يسألون عن صحته.)
This image reflects the truth. This Qur’an has such weight, power and shaking influence that is absolutely irresistible when we receive it as it truly is. (Umar ibn al-Khattab had such an experience when he overheard a reciter reading the opening of Surah 52: “By Mount Sinai; by a scripture inscribed on unrolled parchment; by the much-visited House; by the vault raised high; by the swelling sea; your Lord} punishment will indeed come to pass. Nothing can stop it..." (52: 1-8) As he listened, he leaned on a wall nearby. He then went back home and felt ill. People kept visiting him for a month, enquiring after his health.
تَتَزَلْزَلُ الرُّوحُ وَتَرْتَعِشُ عِنْدَمَا يَكُونُ الإِنْسَانُ مُسْتَعِدًّا تَمَامًا لِتَقَبُّلِ حَقِيقَةٍ مِنَ الْحَقَائِقِ الَّتِي يَتَضَمَّنُهَا الْقُرْآنُ، فَيَمُرُّ بِتَغَيُّرَاتٍ يَصْلُحُ أَنْ يُمَثَّلَ لَهَا فِي عَالَمِ الْمَادَّةِ بِآثَارِ الْمِغْنَاطِيسِ وَالْكَهْرَبَاءِ، بَلْ أَقْوَى مِنْ ذَلِكَ. يَقُولُ اللهُ، خَالِقُ الْجِبَالِ، الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ الْقُرْآنَ مِنْ عَلٍ: ﴿لَوْ أَنْزَلْنَا هَذَا الْقُرْآنَ عَلَى جَبَلٍ لَرَأَيْتَهُ خَاشِعًا مُتَصَدِّعًا مِنْ خَشْيَةِ اللهِ﴾ (الآية 21). وَكُلُّ مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ تَجْرِبَةٌ مَعَ الْقُرْآنِ وَمَسَّ بَاطِنَ نَفْسِهِ يُدْرِكُ هَذِهِ الْحَقِيقَةَ إِدْرَاكًا لَا يُمْكِنُ التَّعْبِيرُ عَنْهُ بِغَيْرِهِ. ﴿وَتِلْكَ الْأَمْثَالُ نَضْرِبُهَا لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ﴾ (الآية 21). وَيَنْبَغِي لِمِثْلِ هَذَا الْمَثَلِ أَنْ يُبْقِيَ الْقُلُوبَ مُفَكِّرَةً مُتَأَمِّلَةً.
صفات الله
God’s Attributes
تُكرِّسُ بقيّةُ السورة تمجيدًا مطوَّلًا لله تعالى، تستحضر فيه عددًا من أسمائه وصفاته. وهذا جانبٌ من أثر القرآن في الكون؛ فكأننا نرى الكونَ إنسانًا يعبّر عن هذا التمجيد بفمه، ومملكةً شاسعةً تردّد صداه في كل ركن. ولهذه الصفات الإلهية آثارٌ واضحة في طبيعة الكون ذاته، وفي ظواهره وتفاعلاته. وهو إذ يقدّم هذا التمجيد، يشهد بصدق هذه الصفات وآثارها.
The rest of the surah is devoted to a long glorification of God, citing a number of His names and attributes. This serves as an aspect of the influence of the Qur’an on the universe. It is as if we see the universe as a person expressing this glorification with his mouth, and a vast kingdom echoing it in every corner. These attributes of God have clear effects on the very nature of the universe, its phenomena and interactions. As it offers this glorification, it testifies to the truth of these attributes and their effects:
هُوَ اللَّهُ الَّذِي لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ، عَالِمُ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ، هُوَ الرَّحْمَٰنُ الرَّحِيمُ. هُوَ اللَّهُ:
He is God: there is no deity other than Him. It is He who knows all that is beyond the reach of anyone's perception, as well as all that which can be witnessed. He is the Lord of Grace, the Ever Merciful. He is God:
لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ، الْمَلِكُ، الْقُدُّوسُ، السَّلَامُ، الْمُؤْمِنُ، الْمُهَيْمِنُ، الْعَزِيزُ، الْجَبَّارُ، الْمُتَكَبِّرُ، سُبْحَانَ اللهِ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ. هُوَ اللهُ
there is no deity other than Him, the Sovereign, the Holy, the Source of Peace, the Giver of Faith, the Guardian over all, the Almighty, the Compeller, to whom all greatness belongs. Exalted is God in His limitless glory above anything they associate as partner with Him. He is God:
هُوَ اللَّهُ الْخَالِقُ الْبَارِئُ الْمُصَوِّرُ، لَهُ الْأَسْمَاءُ الْحُسْنَىٰ، يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ، وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ۔ (الحشر: ٢٤-٢٢)
the Creator, the Maker who gives shape and form to all. His are the most gracious names. Everything in the heavens and earth extols His limitless glory. He alone is the Almighty, the Wise. (Verses 22-24)
هو تمجيدٌ واسعٌ يجمع عددًا من صفات الله الجليلة الحسنى. وهو مكوَّنٌ من ثلاثة أجزاء، يبدأ كلٌّ منها بتوحيد الله، إما بقوله: «هو الله الذي لا إله إلا هو»، أو بقوله: «هو الله» وحده. ولكلٍّ من هذه الأسماء أو الصفات الحسنى أثرٌ واضحٌ في الكون، وتأثيرٌ محسوسٌ في حياة الإنسان، فهي تُقرِّر في القلب البشري أثرَها في الحياة والأحياء. وهي ليست صفاتٍ سلبية، ولا هي منعزلةٌ عن الكون وأحواله وظواهره وأحداثه.
It is an expansive glorification that puts together a number of Gods glorious attributes. It consists of three parts, with each beginning with God’s oneness in the form of either, “He is God: there is no deity other than Him” or, “He is God” on its own. Each one of these most gracious names or attributes has its clear bearing on the universe and a felt influence on human life. Thus they bring home to the human heart their effect on life and the living. They are not negative attributes. Nor are they isolated from the universe, its situations, phenomena and events.