القدر (القوّة)
Al-Qadr (Power)
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
In the Name of God, the Lord of Grace, the Ever Merciful.
إِنَّا أَنزَلْنَاهُ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ
From on high have We bestowed it [i.e. the Qur’ān] on the Night of Power. (1)
وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ
Would that you knew what the Night of Power is! (2)
لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ. (3)
The Night of Power is better than a thousand months. (3)
تَنَزَّلُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَالرُّوحُ فِيهَا بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِم مِّن كُلِّ أَمْرٍ (٤)
On that night the angels and the Spirit by their Lord’s leave descend with all His decrees. (4)
سَلَامٌ هِيَ حَتَّىٰ مَطْلَعِ الْفَجْرِ (٥)
That night is peace, till the break of dawn. (5)
ليلةٌ عظيمة الشأن
A Most Distinguished Night
تتحدث هذه السورة عن ليلة القدر الموعودة، تلك الليلة التي يحتفي بها الكون كله بالفرح والدعاء. إنها ليلة الاتصال الكامل بين هذا العالم والمجتمع الأعلى. وقد كانت تلك الليلة بداية نزول القرآن على محمد ﷺ، وهي حادثة لا نظير لها في تاريخ البشرية من حيث عظمتها وأهميتها لحياة الإنسانية جمعاء. إن عظمتها تفوق إدراك البشر بكثير. ﴿إِنَّا أَنزَلْنَاهُ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ * وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ * لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ خَيْرٌ مِّنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ﴾ [الآيات ١-٣]
This sūrah speaks about the promised great night which the whole universe marks with joy and prayer. It is the night of perfect communion between this world and the Supreme society. That night marked the beginning of the revelation of the Qur’ān to Muĥammad (peace be upon him), an event unparalleled in the history of mankind for its splendour and the significance it has for the life of mankind as a whole. Its greatness is far beyond human perception. “From on high have We bestowed it [i.e. the Qur’ān] on the Night of Power. Would that you knew what the Night of Power is! The Night of Power is better than a thousand months.” (Verses 1-3)
تُشِعُّ الآياتُ القرآنيةُ التي تُصوِّرُ هذا الحدثَ العظيمَ بنورِ اللهِ الواضحِ المُشرِقِ: ﴿إِنَّا أَنزَلْنَاهُ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ﴾ (الآية 1). وهناكَ أيضًا نورُ الملائكةِ والروحِ، وهما يتنزّلانِ بين الأرضِ والملأِ الأعلى: ﴿تَنَزَّلُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَالرُّوحُ فِيهَا بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِم مِّن كُلِّ أَمْرٍ﴾ (الآية 4). وفضلًا عن ذلك، هناك أيضًا نورُ الفجرِ الذي تُمثّلُهُ السورةُ متناسقًا تمامَ التناسقِ مع نورِ القرآنِ والملائكةِ، وكذلك مع روحِ السلامِ التي فيهم: ﴿سَلَامٌ هِيَ حَتَّىٰ مَطْلَعِ الْفَجْرِ﴾ (الآية 5).
The Qur’ānic statements which relate this great event radiate with God’s clear and shining light: “From on high We bestowed it on the Night of Power.” (Verse 1) There is also the light of the angels and the Spirit moving between the earth and the Supreme society. “On that night the angels and the Spirit by their Lord’s leave descend with all His decrees.” (Verse 4) In addition, there is also the light of dawn which the sūrah represents as perfectly harmonious with the light of the Qur’ān and the angels as well as with their spirit of peace: “That night is peace, till the break of dawn.” (Verse 5)
والليلة المقصودة هنا هي نفس الليلة التي أشار إليها سورة الدخان: "إِنَّا أَنزَلْنَاهُ فِي لَيْلَةٍ مُّبَارَكَةٍ إِنَّا كُنَّا مُنذِرِينَ * فِيهَا يُفْرَقُ كُلُّ أَمْرٍ حَكِيمٍ * أَمْرًا مِّنْ عِندِنَا إِنَّا كُنَّا مُرْسِلِينَ * رَحْمَةً مِّن رَّبِّكَ ۚ إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ" (الدخان: 3-6). وقد ثبت بوضوح أنها ليلة من شهر رمضان، كما جاء في سورة البقرة: "شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِي أُنزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ هُدًى لِّلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَاتٍ مِّنَ الْهُدَىٰ وَالْفُرْقَانِ" (البقرة: 185). وهذا يعني أن ليلة القدر كانت بداية نزول القرآن على النبي ﷺ، وبداية رسالته في تبليغه إلى الناس ﷺ.
The night in question here is the same night referred to in Sūrah 44, Smoke: “From on high We bestowed it [i.e. the Qur’ān] on a blessed night, for We would warn [mankind]; on a night when every precept was made plain as a commandment from Us. We have ever sent forth messengers as a blessing from your Lord. It is He alone who hears all and knows all.” (44: 3-6) It is clearly established that it is a night during the month of Ramađān, as stated in Sūrah 2, The Cow: “It was in the month of Ramađān that the Qur’ān was revealed: a guidance for mankind and a self-evident proof of that guidance and a standard to distinguish right from wrong.” (2: 185) This means that the Night of Power marked the beginning of the revelation of the Qur’ān to the Prophet and his mission of delivering it to mankind.