Al-Hashr (Pengumpulan)

Al-Hashr (Pengumpulan) - Dalam Naungan Al-Qur'an | Quran Course

Peristiwa-peristiwa ini berlaku selepas Perang Uhud tetapi sebelum Perang Khandaq. Nabi ﷺ bersama sepuluh tokoh terkemuka dari kalangan Sahabat baginda, termasuk Abu Bakr, ‘Umar dan ‘Ali, telah pergi ke kediaman Bani al-Nadir untuk meminta mereka menyumbang kepada diyat (wang tebusan darah) yang perlu dibayar oleh orang Islam kerana pembunuhan dua lelaki yang tidak bersalah secara tidak sengaja oleh ‘Amr ibn Umayyah, salah seorang Sahabat Nabi ﷺ. Nabi ﷺ meminta bantuan mereka berdasarkan perjanjian yang ditandatangani antara masyarakat Islam dan orang Yahudi di Madinah tidak lama selepas penempatan baginda di sana. Para pembesar Bani al-Nadir menerima Nabi ﷺ dengan baik dan meminta baginda menunggu sementara mereka mengumpulkan wang tersebut. Sebenarnya, terlintas di fikiran mereka bahawa inilah peluang untuk membunuh Nabi ﷺ ketika baginda duduk bersandar pada dinding salah sebuah rumah mereka. Sebahagian daripada mereka berkata: “Kamu tidak akan menemui lelaki yang semudah ini mangsanya seperti sekarang. Biarlah seorang yang kuat naik ke atas bumbung rumah yang bersebelahan tempat Muhammad duduk, dan jatuhkan batu besar ke atas kepalanya, lalu bebaskan kita daripadanya.” Salah seorang daripada mereka, ‘Amr ibn Jihash ibn Ka‘b, dengan sukarela melakukan jenayah khianat ini, lalu naik ke atas bumbung rumah tersebut untuk melontarkan batu itu ke atas kepala Nabi ﷺ. Namun, Nabi ﷺ telah diberitahu oleh Tuhan tentang rancangan Bani al-Nadir, maka baginda meninggalkan para Sahabatnya di tempat mereka berada, dengan memberi gambaran bahawa baginda akan kembali sebentar lagi. Sebaliknya, baginda terus pulang ke Madinah. Apabila Sahabat-Sahabat Nabi ﷺ yang bersama baginda merasakan baginda telah lama tidak kembali, mereka mula bimbang dan pergi mencari baginda. Tidak lama kemudian, mereka bertemu seorang lelaki yang dalam perjalanan dari Madinah, dan lelaki itu memberitahu mereka bahawa dia telah melihat Nabi ﷺ memasuki kota itu.

These events took place after the Battle of Uhud but before the Battle of the Moat. The Prophet along with ten leading figures from among his Companions, including Abu Bakr, ‘Umar and ( All, had gone to the al-Nadir’s quarters to request them to contribute to the blood money the Muslims had to pay for the accidental killing of two innocent men by ‘Amr ibn Umayyah, one of the Prophet’s Companions. The Prophet asked for their help on the basis of the covenant signed between the Muslim community and the Jews of Madinah soon after the Prophets settlement there. The elders of al-Nadir received the Prophet well and asked him to wait while they raised the money. In actual fact, it occurred to them that this was their opportunity to assassinate the Prophet as he sat against the wall of one of their homes. Some of them said: “You will never find the man as easy prey as he is now. Let a strong person go onto the roof of the house next to which Muhammad is sitting and drop a large stone or rock over his head and rid us of him.” One of them, 'Amr ibn Jihash ibn Ka‘b, volunteered to commit this treacherous crime, and went on to the roof of the house to throw such a stone on the Prophet’s head. The Prophet, however, had been informed by God of the al-Nadir s design and so he had left his Companions where they were, giving the impression that he would shortly return. Instead, he had gone straight back to Madinah. When the Prophet’s Companions who were with him felt that he had been absent for too long, they started to worry and went looking for him. Soon they met a man on his way from Madinah who told them that he had seen the Prophet entering the city.

Namun, orang-orang munafik di Madinah, yang dipimpin oleh 'Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul, mengirim pesan kepada mereka yang mendorong mereka untuk melawan dan menjanjikan dukungan mereka. Mereka meyakinkan mereka bahawa mereka akan berperang bersama-sama mereka, dan jika mereka dipaksa keluar, mereka berjanji akan keluar bersama mereka. Berkenaan dengan janji-janji ini, surah itu berfirman: "Tidakkah engkau memperhatikan orang-orang munafik yang berkata kepada saudara-saudara mereka yang kafir dari kalangan Ahli Kitab, 'Jika kamu diusir, nescaya kami akan keluar bersama kamu, dan kami tidak akan patuh kepada sesiapa pun terhadap kamu selama-lamanya; dan jika kamu diperangi, nescaya kami akan menolong kamu.' Dan Allah menjadi saksi bahawa sesungguhnya mereka itu adalah pendusta. Sekiranya mereka diusir, mereka tidak akan keluar bersama-sama mereka; dan sekiranya mereka diperangi, mereka tidak akan menolong mereka. Dan sekalipun mereka menolong, pastilah mereka akan berpaling ke belakang (lari), kemudian mereka tidak akan mendapat pertolongan. Sesungguhnya kamu (wahai orang-orang mukmin) lebih ditakuti oleh mereka daripada Allah, yang demikian itu kerana mereka adalah kaum yang tidak memahami." (Ayat 11-13)

However, the hypocrites in Madlnah, led by ‘Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul, sent word to them encouraging them to resist and pledging their support. They assured them that they would fight alongside them, and should they be made to leave, they promised to leave with them. It is in reference to these assurances that the surah says: "Are you not aware of those hypocrites who say to their brethren who disbelieve among the people of earlier revelations, 'If you are driven out, we shall most certainly go with you, and shall never pay heed to anyone against you; and if you are attacked, we shall most certainly come to your aid? God bears witness that they are indeed liars. If they are driven out, they will not go with them; and if they are attacked, they will not help them. Even if they come to their aid, they will most certainly turn their backs in flight; and in the end they will have no help. You, [believers,] arouse in their hearts afear more intense than their fear of God, because they are devoid of understanding” (Verses 11-13)

Selepas 26 malam dikepung, kaum al-Nadir berputus asa bahawa janji-janji sahabat-sahabat munafik mereka akan benar-benar ditunaikan. Tuhan telah menanamkan ketakutan dalam hati mereka. Mereka menghantar utusan kepada Nabi ﷺ memohon agar dibenarkan keluar sebagaimana syarat yang sama yang telah diberikan kepada kaum Yahudi Qaynuqa‘ yang sebelum itu telah dipindahkan. Ini akan memberi mereka jaminan keselamatan, dan mereka dibenarkan membawa apa sahaja yang mampu dibawa oleh unta-unta mereka daripada harta benda mereka, kecuali senjata. Nabi ﷺ menerima permintaan ini. Maka, mereka memuatkan harta benda mereka ke atas unta. Mereka juga memusnahkan rumah mereka sendiri supaya tidak dirampas oleh orang Islam. Semasa kepungan, orang Islam telah merobohkan sebahagian dinding kubu pertahanan mereka. Berkaitan perkara ini, surah itu berfirman: "Dialah yang telah mengeluarkan orang-orang kafir daripada kalangan Ahli Kitab dari kampung halaman mereka pada kali pengumpulan pertama. Kamu tidak menyangka mereka akan keluar, dan mereka pun menyangka bahawa benteng-benteng mereka akan melindungi mereka daripada Tuhan. Maka Tuhan mendatangi mereka dari arah yang tidak mereka sangka, dan Dia menanamkan ketakutan ke dalam hati mereka. Mereka memusnahkan rumah mereka dengan tangan mereka sendiri dan dengan tangan orang-orang mukmin. Maka ambillah pengajaran, wahai orang-orang yang mempunyai penglihatan (akal). Sekiranya Tuhan tidak menetapkan pengusiran ke atas mereka, nescaya Dia telah menyeksa mereka di dunia ini. Dan di akhirat mereka akan mendapat azab neraka. Itu kerana mereka menentang Tuhan dan Rasul-Nya. Dan sesiapa yang menentang Tuhan, maka sesungguhnya Tuhan amat keras seksaan-Nya." {Ayat 2—4}

After 26 nights of siege, the al-Nadir despaired that the promises of their hypocrite friends would ever come true. God had cast terror in their hearts. They sent to the Prophet requesting him to allow them to leave on the same terms as the Qaynuqa‘ Jews who had earlier been evacuated.1 This would afford them safe conduct and they would be allowed to take what their camels could carry of their possessions, except their arms. The Prophet accepted this. Thus, they loaded their camels with their possessions. They also destroyed their own homes so that these would not be taken over by Muslims. During the siege, the Muslims had destroyed some of the walls of their fortifications. In reference to this, the surah says: “It is He who drove the unbelievers among the people of earlier revelations out of their homes at the first gathering. You never thought they would go; while they thought that their fortifications would protect them against God. God came upon them from where they had not expected, casting terror into their hearts. Thus, they destroyed their homes by their own hands, as well as the hands of the believers. Learn from their example, you who are endowed with insight. Had it not been for God's having decreed exile for them, He would surely have inflicted [greater] suffering on them in this world. In the life to come they will still endure suffering through the fire because they have defied God and His Messenger. Whoever defies God— well, God is severe in retribution.” Verses 2—4)

Sebahagian orang — kemungkinan besar golongan munafik — bersuara, mengkritik tindakan Nabi ﷺ. Tuhan berfirman dalam surah ini: "Apa jua harta rampasan yang Tuhan kembalikan kepada Rasul-Nya daripada mereka, kamu tidak mengerahkan kuda atau unta untuknya; tetapi Tuhan memberi kuasa kepada rasul-rasul-Nya ke atas sesiapa yang dikehendaki-Nya. Tuhan Maha Berkuasa atas segala sesuatu." (Ayat 6) Nabi ﷺ bersabda kepada kaum Ansar: "Jika kamu mahu, kamu boleh memberikan sebahagian daripada harta dan rumah kamu kepada saudara-saudara kamu, golongan Muhajirin, dan kemudian kamu akan berkongsi dengan mereka hasil rampasan ini. Sebaliknya, jika kamu lebih suka, kamu simpan harta dan rumah kamu untuk diri sendiri, tetapi kamu tidak akan mendapat sebarang bahagian daripada hasil rampasan ini." Sesuai dengan sifat pemurah mereka, kaum Ansar berkata: "Kami akan memberikan kepada mereka sebahagian daripada harta dan rumah kami, dan kami akan membiarkan hasil rampasan ini untuk mereka, tanpa mengambil sebarang bahagian daripadanya." Mengulas perkara ini, surah tersebut berfirman: "[Harta rampasan itu] untuk golongan fakir Muhajirin yang telah diusir daripada rumah dan harta benda mereka, yang mencari kurnia dan keredaan Tuhan, serta menolong Tuhan dan Rasul-Nya. Mereka itulah orang-orang yang benar. Dan bagi mereka yang telah lebih dahulu menetap di tempat tinggal mereka dan beriman, mereka mengasihi orang-orang yang berhijrah kepada mereka dan tidak menaruh keinginan dalam hati mereka terhadap apa yang diberikan kepada orang lain. Mereka mengutamakan orang lain atas diri mereka sendiri, sekalipun mereka sendiri dalam kesusahan. Mereka yang terselamat daripada ketamakan dirinya sendiri, merekalah orang-orang yang berjaya." (Ayat 8-9)

Some people — most probably hypocrites - spoke out, criticizing the Prophets action. God states in this surah: “What ever gains were taken from them God has turned over to His Messenger; you did not have to spur horse or riding-cameI for its sake. God gives His messengers mastery over whomever He wills. God has power over all things.” (Verse 6) The Prophet said to the Ansar: “If you wish, you may give a share of your property and your homes to your brethren, the Muhajirin, and then you will share with them this gain. On the other hand, if you prefer, you keep your property and your homes for yourselves but you will have no share of this gain.” True to their generous character, the Ansar said: “We will give them a share of our property and homes and we will leave this gain to them, taking no share of it.” Commenting on this, the surah says: “[Such gains are for] the poor migrants who have been driven out of their homes and possessions, seeking God's favour and His goodly acceptance, and who help God and His Messenger. These are the ones who are true. And to those who were already firmly established in their homes and in faith, those who love the ones that seek refuge with them and harbour no desire in their hearts for whatever the others may have been given. They give them preference over themselves, even though they are in want. Those who are saved from their own greed are truly successful]' (Verses 8-9)

Al-Hashr (Pengumpulan)

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