Allah telah menunaikan janji-Nya kepadamu ketika, dengan izin-Nya, kamu hampir membinasakan mereka.
Wait, the rules say to write "God", not "Allah". Corrected:
Tuhan telah menunaikan janji-Nya kepadamu ketika, dengan izin-Nya, kamu hampir membinasakan mereka.
God fulfilled to you His promise when, by His leave, you were about to destroy them.
Kemudian kamu berasa lemah semangat dan berselisih mengenai perintah itu serta kamu menderhaka, setelah Tuhan memperlihatkan kepada kamu apa yang kamu inginkan. Ada antara kamu yang menginginkan dunia, dan ada antara kamu yang menginginkan akhirat. Kemudian Dia memalingkan kamu daripada mereka supaya Dia menguji kamu. Namun kini Dia telah mengampunkan kamu, kerana Tuhan melimpahkan kurnia kepada orang-orang yang beriman. [Ingatlah] ketika kamu lari tunggang-langgang ke atas gunung tanpa menoleh kepada sesiapa pun, sedangkan Rasulullah ﷺ berada di belakang kamu memanggil-manggil kamu. Maka Dia membalas kamu dengan kesedihan demi kesedihan, supaya kamu tidak berdukacita atas apa yang luput daripada kamu, dan tidak pula atas apa yang menimpa kamu.
But then you lost heart and disagreed with one another concerning [the Prophet’s command] and disobeyed after God had brought you within view of that for which you were longing. Some of you cared only for this world and some cared for the life to come. Then He turned you away from them so that He may put you to the test. But now He has forgiven you, for God is gracious to the believers. [Remember] when you ran away, up into the mountain, paying no heed to anyone, while the Messenger was at your rear calling out to you. Therefore, He rewarded you with sorrow after sorrow so that you may not grieve over what has escaped you, nor over what had befallen you.
Tuhan Maha Mengetahui segala yang kamu lakukan. (Ayat 152-3)
God is aware of all that you do. (Verses 152-3)
Surah ini melukiskan gambaran lengkap medan perang serta silih berganti kemenangan dan kekalahan. Setiap gerakan, setiap kesan, setiap ekspresi wajah dan setiap lintasan fikiran dirakam. Gambaran Al-Qur'an itu seperti gulungan filem yang memperlihatkan setiap pergerakan dengan terperinci dan jelas. Hal ini terutama berlaku pada gambaran orang-orang yang melarikan diri dari medan perang dan mendaki gunung dalam keadaan panik, ketika Nabi ﷺ memanggil mereka. Bersama-sama dengan itu ada gambaran tentang fikiran, kesan dan reaksi yang dilalui orang-orang tersebut. Selain semua itu, terdapat sejumlah arahan dan pernyataan yang menjadi ciri gaya Al-Qur'an serta kaedahnya yang luar biasa dalam mendidik orang-orang beriman.
The sūrah paints a full picture of the battlefield and the succession of victory and defeat. Every movement, every impression, every facial expression and every fleeting thought is recorded. The Qur’ānic description is like a film reel which shows every movement in vivid and sharp detail. This particularly applies to the image of people fleeing from the battlefield and charging up the mountain in panic, as the Prophet called out to them. Coupled with this is a picture of the thoughts, impressions and reactions people entertained. On top of it all, we have a number of directives and statements which are characteristic of the Qur’ānic style and its remarkable method of educating believers.
"Allah telah menunaikan janji-Nya kepadamu, ketika, dengan izin-Nya, kamu hampir membinasakan mereka." Ini terjadi pada awal peperangan, ketika kaum Muslimin mulai secara berterusan menamatkan segala perlawanan yang ditunjukkan oleh golongan musyrik, dan memusnahkan tentera mereka. Pada waktu itu, mereka tidak dilalaikan oleh harta rampasan yang begitu menonjol. Nabi ﷺ telah bersabda kepada mereka: "Kamu akan mendapat kemenangan selama kamu tetap teguh." Tuhan telah menunaikan janji yang Dia berikan kepada mereka melalui Nabi-Nya ﷺ.
“God fulfilled to you His promise, when, by His leave, you were about to destroy them.” This was at the beginning of the battle, when the Muslims began to steadily put an end to all resistance shown by the idolaters, and to destroy their forces. At that time, they were not distracted by the loot which loomed large. The Prophet had said to them: “You will be victorious as long as you remain steadfast.” God has fulfilled that promise which He gave them through His Prophet.
“Kemudian kamu menjadi lemah semangat dan berselisih mengenai perintah itu, serta kamu mengingkari setelah Tuhan memperlihatkan kepada kamu apa yang kamu sukai. Antara kamu ada yang menghendaki dunia dan antara kamu ada yang menghendaki akhirat.” (Ayat 152)
Ini ialah gambaran tentang apa yang berlaku di kalangan pemanah. Sekumpulan daripada mereka tidak dapat menahan godaan dengan kuat. Mereka mahukan bahagian mereka daripada harta rampasan. Mereka berbalah dengan mereka yang berpendapat bahawa perintah Rasulullah ﷺ mesti dipatuhi secara harfiah. Perbalahan itu membawa kepada pengingkaran apabila mereka melihat tanda-tanda jelas kemenangan yang mereka idamkan. Maka mereka terbahagi kepada dua kumpulan: satu hanya mengejar keuntungan dunia, dan satu lagi hanya mencari ganjaran Tuhan di akhirat. Perpecahan telah ditaburkan, dan orang-orang beriman tidak lagi menjadi satu kekuatan yang bekerja untuk satu matlamat. Pengabdian, yang mutlak diperlukan dalam setiap peperangan yang dilancarkan demi agama, telah dicemari oleh ketamakan.
Yang penting untuk diingat ialah peperangan demi agama adalah unik kerana ia dilancarkan bukan sahaja di medan perang, tetapi juga di dalam hati manusia. Kemenangan di medan perang bergantung kepada kemenangan di dalam hati. Ia adalah peperangan yang dilancarkan kerana Tuhan. Oleh itu, Tuhan memberikan kemenangan kepada mereka yang sepenuhnya berbakti kepada-Nya.
“But then you lost heart and disagreed with one another concerning [the Prophet’s command] and disobeyed after God had brought you within view of that for which you were longing. Some of you cared only for this world and some cared for the life to come.” (Verse 152) This is a description of what took place among the archers. A group of them felt the temptation too strongly. They wanted their share of the booty. They argued with those who maintained that they must obey the Messenger’s command literally. Their argument led to disobedience when they saw the clear indications of the victory they longed to achieve. Thus, they were split into two groups: one caring only for worldly gains, and the other looking only for God’s reward in the hereafter. Discord was sown and the believers were no longer one force, working for one goal. Dedication, which is absolutely necessary in every battle fought for the sake of faith, was tainted with greed. What is important to remember is that a battle fought for the sake of faith is unique in that it is fought both on the battlefield and in people’s hearts. Victory in the former is dependent on victory in the latter. It is a battle fought for the sake of God. Therefore, God gives victory in it to those who are totally dedicated to Him.
Oleh kerana mereka telah mengangkat panji Tuhan, Dia tidak mengurniakan kemenangan kepada mereka sehingga Dia menguji mereka dan memastikan kesungguhan mereka, supaya tidak ada sebarang kepura-puraan. Kadangkala, mereka yang secara terang-terangan mengangkat panji kebatilan dalam peperangan diberikan kemenangan, kerana suatu tujuan yang hanya diketahui oleh Tuhan. Namun perlu difahami bahawa mereka yang mengangkat panji iman tanpa menunjukkan kesungguhan yang sempurna tidak pernah diberikan kemenangan oleh Tuhan sehingga mereka membuktikan bahawa mereka telah lulus ujian tersebut.
Since they have raised the banner of God, He does not grant them victory until He has tested them and ascertained their dedication, so that there can be no false pretences. Sometimes, those who clearly raise the banner of falsehood in battle are given victory, for a purpose known to God alone. But it has to be understood that those who raise the banner of faith without demonstrating complete dedication are never granted victory by God until they have proven that they have passed the test.
Ini adalah mesej yang ingin disampaikan dengan jelas oleh al-Qur’ān kepada umat Islam, dengan menjadikan peperangan ini sebagai titik rujukan. Allah menghendaki agar umat Islam yang pertama mempelajari perkara ini, kerana mereka telah menanggung kekalahan yang pahit akibat sikap yang keliru dan goyah.
This is the message the Qur’ān wants to state clearly to the Muslim community, using this particular battle as their reference point. He wanted the first Muslim community to learn this as it suffered bitter defeat as a result of a confused and shaky attitude.
"Sebahagian daripada kamu hanya mengutamakan dunia ini dan sebahagian lagi mengutamakan kehidupan akhirat." Di sini al-Qur’an menyingkap apa yang tersembunyi dalam hati manusia. Orang-orang Islam sendiri tidak menyedari bahawa mereka menyimpan fikiran sedemikian. `Abdullāh ibn Mas`ūd, sahabat Nabi ﷺ, berkata: "Saya tidak pernah menyangka bahawa mana-mana sahabat Nabi ﷺ akan mengejar keuntungan duniawi, sehinggalah Tuhan menurunkan wahyu dalam al-Qur’an yang menggambarkan keadaan kami di Uĥud: {Sebahagian daripada kamu hanya mengutamakan dunia ini dan sebahagian lagi mengutamakan kehidupan akhirat.} Maka terbukalah hati mereka di hadapan mereka, supaya mereka dapat menentukan punca kekalahan mereka."
“Some of you cared only for this world and some cared for the life to come.” Here the Qur’ān sheds light on what is deep in people’s hearts. The Muslims themselves did not know that they entertained such thoughts. `Abdullāh ibn Mas`ūd, the Prophet’s Companion said: “I never thought that any of the Companions of the Prophet would care for worldly gains, until God revealed in the Qur’ān describing our situation in Uĥud: “Some of you cared only for this world and some cared for the life to come.” Their hearts are thus laid open before them so that they can determine the causes of their defeat.
Pada masa yang sama, al-Qur'an sebahagiannya menjelaskan kepada kaum Muslimin tujuan Tuhan di sebalik membiarkan mereka menanggung semua kesakitan ini, dan di sebalik membenarkan peristiwa berlaku dengan cara tertentu itu: "Kemudian Dia memalingkan kamu daripada mereka supaya Dia menguji kamu." Qadar Tuhan tetap berkuat kuasa. Apabila orang ramai menjadi lemah, berbantah dan ingkar, Tuhan memalingkan kekuatan mereka daripada kaum musyrikin, dan membiarkan pemanah meninggalkan kedudukan mereka serta para pejuang lari dari medan perang. Semua ini berlaku akibat tindakan mereka sendiri, tetapi ia telah ditentukan terlebih dahulu oleh Tuhan untuk menguji orang beriman dengan kesusahan, ketakutan, kekalahan dan kehilangan nyawa. Ujian sedemikian pastinya akan menzahirkan apa yang terkandung dalam hati mereka yang paling dalam, dan membezakan orang beriman yang benar daripada mereka yang hanya berpura-pura. Tiada sebarang percanggahan sama sekali antara membiarkan peristiwa berlaku sebagai akibat langsung daripada sebab-sebabnya dengan peristiwa itu telah ditentukan terlebih dahulu.
At the same time, the Qur’ān partly reveals to the Muslims God’s purpose behind letting them suffer all this pain, and behind allowing events to develop in that particular fashion: “Then He turned you away from them so that He may put you to a test.” God’s predestination remains operative. When people weakened, disputed and disobeyed, God turned their power away from the idolaters and let the archers abandon their positions and the fighters desert the battlefield. All this took place as a result of their own actions, but it was all predestined by God in order to test the believers with hardship, fear, defeat and loss of life. Such a trial was bound to reveal what was in their innermost hearts and to distinguish true believers from those who only pretended to be so. There is no contradiction whatsoever between allowing events to happen as a direct result of their causes and them being predetermined.
Hukum sebab dan akibat tetap berlaku, tetapi setiap sebab juga telah ditentukan dengan baik.
The law of cause and effect remains operative but every cause is also well determined.
"Tetapi sekarang Dia telah mengampuni kamu," atas kelemahan, perselisihan dan kederhakaan yang kamu tunjukkan, serta kamu lari dari medan perang. Pengampunan itu merupakan salah satu bentuk rahmat-Nya yang memaafkan kelemahan manusia apabila ia bukan lahir daripada niat jahat atau kederhakaan yang disengaja. Dia telah mengampuni kamu kerana kesilapan dan kelemahan kamu masih berada dalam lingkungan iman dan penyerahan diri kepada Tuhan. Ia tidak berlaku dalam bentuk penentangan terhadap perintah Tuhan.
“But now He has forgiven you,” what you have shown of weakness, dispute and disobedience as well as your running away from battle. That forgiveness is an aspect of His grace which overlooks human weakness when it is not the result of ill-will or deliberate disobedience. He has forgiven you because your errors and weakness remain within the framework of faith and submission to God. They do not come in defiance of God’s orders.
"Tuhan itu Maha Pemurah kepada orang-orang yang beriman." Sebahagian daripada kemurahan-Nya ialah memberi keampunan kepada mereka, selagi mereka mengikuti jalan yang telah Dia tetapkan untuk mereka dan tunduk kepada kehendak-Nya, tanpa mendakwa bagi diri mereka sendiri mana-mana sifat asas ketuhanan. Pada masa yang sama, mereka tidak boleh mengambil mana-mana hukum, nilai atau piawaian mereka daripada sumber selain daripada-Nya. Oleh itu, apabila mereka tergelincir, kesilapan itu hanya berpunca daripada kelemahan. Apabila mereka diuji dengan ujian ini dan membuktikan diri mereka, mereka diampunkan.
“God is gracious to the believers.” Part of His grace is to forgive them, as long as they follow the method He has laid down for them and they submit to His will, without claiming any of the essential qualities of Godhead for themselves. At the same time, they must not derive any of their laws, values or standards from any source other than Him. Thus, when they slipped, that error came only from weakness. When they were exposed to this trial and proved themselves, they are forgiven.
Surah itu kemudian menggambarkan suasana kekalahan dengan gambaran yang kuat: “[Ingatlah] ketika kamu lari (ke gunung) dan tidak menoleh kepada seorang pun, sedang Rasul berada di belakangmu memanggil kamu.” (Ayat 153) Gambaran ini merangkumi rasa malu mereka atas perbuatan yang telah mereka lakukan dan sebab-sebab yang mendorong mereka melakukannya, iaitu hilang semangat, perselisihan dan ketidaktaatan. Keadaan fizikal dan mental mereka juga dihidupkan dalam beberapa perkataan sahaja: mereka lari dengan pantas, mendaki ke gunung, keliru, takut, bingung, dan tidak mengendahkan sesiapa pun. Nabi ﷺ memanggil mereka untuk menenangkan hati mereka bahawa baginda masih hidup, selepas ada orang yang berteriak bahawa baginda telah tiada.
The sūrah then describes the scene of defeat in powerful imagery: “[Remember] when you ran away, up into the mountain, giving no heed to anyone, while the Messenger was at your rear calling out to you.” (Verse 153) This description encapsulates their shame for what they had done and the causes which led them to do it, namely, loss of heart, dispute and disobedience. Their physical and mental attitudes are also brought alive in just a few words: they quickly ran away, climbing up into the mountain, confused, afraid, perplexed, paying heed to no one. The Prophet called on them to reassure them that he was still alive after someone had cried out otherwise.
Akhirnya, Allah membalas mereka dengan kesedihan atas kesedihan yang mereka tanggung ketika mereka melarikan diri, iaitu kesedihan yang memenuhi hati mereka sendiri kerana telah meninggalkan Nabi mereka yang tercinta ﷺ dan membiarkan baginda menanggung luka-lukanya, sedangkan baginda tetap teguh ketika mereka berpaling tumit. Tiada keraguan bahawa pengalaman ini amat menyakitkan. Bagi mereka, yang paling sukar ditanggung ialah kesedihan dan kesakitan yang telah dialami oleh Nabi ﷺ sendiri, kerana ia adalah akibat langsung daripada perbuatan mereka. Mereka amat malu.
Kesedihan mereka itu ada manfaatnya, kerana ia pasti menjadikan apa jua kerugian yang mereka alami sendiri kelihatan tidak bermakna, dan setiap kesusahan yang bakal mereka tanggung menjadi amat ringan: “Maka Dia membalas kamu dengan kesedihan atas kesedihan, supaya kamu tidak berdukacita atas apa yang luput daripada kamu dan tidak (pula) atas apa yang menimpa kamu.” Allah, yang Maha Mengetahui, pasti mengetahui setiap niat di sebalik setiap perbuatan: “Dan Allah Maha Mengetahui apa yang kamu kerjakan.” (Ayat 153)
The end result is that God rewarded them for the sorrow they suffered when they fled, with a sorrow to fill their own hearts for having abandoned their beloved Prophet and letting him endure his wounds, when he remained steadfast while they turned on their heels. There is no doubt that this experience was very painful. To them, what was most difficult to bear was the sorrow and pain which the Prophet himself had endured, because it was a direct result of their actions. They were bitterly ashamed. Their sorrow is useful in the sense that it was bound to make any loss they themselves suffered seem to be of no significance, and every hardship they will be called upon to bear very easy: “Therefore, He rewarded you with sorrow after sorrow so that you may not grieve over what has escaped you, nor over what had befallen you.” God, Who knows everything, is certainly aware of every motive behind every action: “God is aware of all that you do.” (Verse 153)